• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.238-253
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• 2000

In the eastern part of the Euiseong Basin acidic~intermediate volcanic rocks widely distribute on the Cretaceous sedimentary basement. Coeval granitic rocks and dyke rocks intruded into the volcanic rocks. Volcanic stratigraphy of study area are andesite lava, dacitic lapilli tuff, dacitic flow-banded lava, rhyolitic bedded tuff, rhyolitic massive tuff, dacitic massive lava, rhyolitlc welded tuff occur from the lower to the upper strata. $SiO_2$ content of the volcanic rocks range from 51 to 74 wt.%. With the increase of $SiO_2$, the contents of $TiO_2$, $Al_2$$O_3$, MgO, FeOT MnO, CaO, $P_2$$O_{5}$ decrease but those of $K_2$O increase. The contents of $Na_2$O show dispersive variation. This trend is quite sim-ilar to the major oxide variation in the volcanic rocks from the Yucheon sub-basin. The geochemical natures indicate that the volcanic rocks in the study area are discriminated to the island-arc type high K to medium K calc-alkaline rocks. The compositional variation of the volcanic rocks can be explained by the plagioclase fractionation of the volcanic magmas originated from similar source materials. The volcanic stratigraphy seems to have formed by at least two eruptive sequences of andesitic to rhyolitic and dacitic to rhyolitic magmas which underwent crystallization differentiation.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.144-159
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• 2014

Techniques for making a single panoramic image using multiple pictures are widely studied in many areas such as computer vision, computer graphics, etc. The panorama image can be applied to various fields like virtual reality, robot vision areas which require wide-angled shots as an useful way to overcome the limitations such as picture-angle, resolutions, and internal informations of an image taken from a single camera. It is so much meaningful in a point that a panoramic image usually provides better immersion feeling than a plain image. Although there are many ways to build a panoramic image, most of them are using the way of extracting feature points and matching points of each images for making a single panoramic image. In addition, those methods use the RANSAC(RANdom SAmple Consensus) algorithm with matching points and the Homography matrix to transform the image. The SURF(Speeded Up Robust Features) algorithm which is used in this paper to extract featuring points uses an image's black and white informations and local spatial informations. The SURF is widely being used since it is very much robust at detecting image's size, view-point changes, and additionally, faster than the SIFT(Scale Invariant Features Transform) algorithm. The SURF has a shortcoming of making an error which results in decreasing the RANSAC algorithm's performance speed when extracting image's feature points. As a result, this may increase the CPU usage occupation rate. The error of detecting matching points may role as a critical reason for disqualifying panoramic image's accuracy and lucidity. In this paper, in order to minimize errors of extracting matching points, we used $3{\times}3$ region's RGB pixel values around the matching points' coordinates to perform intermediate filtering process for removing wrong matching points. We have also presented analysis and evaluation results relating to enhanced working speed for producing a panorama image, CPU usage rate, extracted matching points' decreasing rate and accuracy.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.41-54
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• 2012

The weathering process of rocks leads to the reduction of geotechnical bearing capacity. The weathering of granite is frequently used to refer to the degradation of geotechnical property in the design and construction of infra-structure. In this study, the range of values of CIA (chemical index of alteration) and the change of mineral compositions by weathering have been analysed with igneous rock, which covers 45.5% in South Korean territory. Several weathering indices were studied for various rocks found in Korea and significant relationships between different indices were delineated via statistical analysis. The applicability of CIA was found to be the most significant among all weathering indicies. The composition of illite, the secondary weathering residual, generally increases for the felsic rock, and swelling clay material is not included. The weathering of felsic rock will follow a sequential process, starting from bed rock, illite, and chlorite to kaoline. The mafic rock will show weathering process, from bed rock, smectite, and chlorite to kaoline. The intermediate rocks such as andesite and tuff will show similar weathering procedure and the composition of kaoline, chlorite, and smectite tends to increase more than that of illite when the mafic rock is dominated. This means the increase of rock material which has high CEC (cation exchange capacity) during secondary weathering process. However, the characteristics of a specific rock cannot be completely analyzed using merely CIA, since it is exclusively based on chemical composition and corresponding alteration. The CIA can be used to quantify the weathering process in a limited range, and further considerations such as rock composition, strength characteristics will be required to configure the comprehensive weathering impact on any specific region.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.69-74
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• 1996

Background: The diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) based on clinical findings is often elusive and therefore requires confirmative diagnostic method. Pulmonary angiography, though the gold standard for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism, is an invasive method and requires trained personnel and special equipment. Lung V/Q scan, on the other hand, is a noninvasive method but the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity arc not satisfactory in case that the results are either intermediate or low probability scan. Plasma D-dimer is generated when a thrombus is fibrinolysed by plasmin and is known to be increased in various thrombotic disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the value of the determination of plasma D-dimer level in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Methods: Pulmonary angiography was performed in 17 patients who were clinically suspected to have pulmonary embolism. 9 patients(PE, $56{\pm}13.4$ yrs, M:F=8:1) were diagnosed to have pulmonary embolism by pulmonary angiography. The control group were the 8 patients with negative pulmonary angiography and 13 orthopedic patients with no evidence of pulmonary embolism on scintigraphic and impedance plethysmographic studies(n=21) (non-PE, $54.5{\pm}11.1$ yrs, M:F=11:10). Plasma D-dimer was measured by latex agglutination method in study subjects and the results were analyzed according to the presence or absence of pulmonary embolism. Results: 1) The increased level of plasma D-dimer was more frequently observed in the patients with pulmonary embolism than in the controls(>0.5 mg/L, 8 in PE, 10 in non-PE; <0.5 mg/L, 1 in PE, 11 in non-PE, p=0.049). 2) The diagnostic value of plasma D-dimer level higher than 0.5 mg/L were as follows: sensitivity 88.9%(8/9), specificity 52.4%(11/21), positive predictive value 44.4%(8/18), and negative predictive value 91.7%(11/12). Conclusion: Plasma D-dimer determination showed high sensitivity and negative predictive value in the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and is therefore thought to be useful in excluding the possibility of pulmonary embolism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.46-55
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• 2017

In this study, extracts of gamma-irradiated Aralia continentalis for health and beauty food resources were examined on antioxidant activities and increasing extraction yield. In photostimulated luminescence analysis, non-irradiated (0 kGy) sample showed an intermediate result of 891.00 photon counts (PCs), whereas irradiated (5 and 10 kGy) samples showed positive results of 79,956.67 and 282,498.67 PCs, respectively. The thermoluminescence ratio of non-irradiated samples was 0.018, whereas the values of irradiated samples (5 and 10 kGy) were 0.395 and 0.464, respectively. Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis as a physical technique for irradiation identification of Aralia continentalis showed a pair of peaks on a space of 6.0 mT in the symmetric ESR spectrums. For phenolics of gamma-irradiated Aralia continentalis, water extracts had the highest amounts of 7.61 mg/g at non-irradiated condition (0 kGy) while 50% ethanol extracts had the highest amounts of 6.86 mg/g at 10 kGy irradiation. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity of water and 50% ethanol extracts from non-irradiated and irradiated Aralia continentalis were very high (94.99~100.00%). 2,2'-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation inhibitory activity was over 95.00% at $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics. Antioxidant protection factor (PF) showed a very high level of activity (1.38~2.51 PF). Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance inhibitory activity was high (70% and 95%, respectively). Thus, treatment of gamma irradiation can be used as a method of storage for long-term preservation of Oriental medicine.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.1068-1075
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• 2012

Poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)/Nylon6,12 core/shell micro fiber were prepared by extrusion molding. To investigate their optimum extrusion conditions, compatibility of PBT/Nylon6,12 blend micro fiber in conformity to their weight ratio and manufacture temperature was explored with SEM morphology and DSC. The alterations in their mechanical properties by extrusion speed were compared and analyzed through a UTM. In comparison with SEM figures, the domain sizes of Nylon6,12 were gradually declined by increasing the extrusion temperature of blends. Furthermore, according to these SEM images, the phase separation between Nylon6,12 domain and PBT matrix became indistinct with increasing of weight percentage of Nylon6,12. In case of DSC, the boundaries of two peaks were almost disappeared when increasing the extrusion temperature and also intervals of each two melting peaks became narrow as increasing the Nylon6,12 ratio. The mechanical properties including tensile strength, elongation, flexural strength and flexural modulus were increased as the increase in the extrusion temperature until $260^{\circ}C$. However, the mechanical properties were actually deteriorated over $260^{\circ}C$. The tensile strength, elongation, flexural strength and flexural modulus at $260^{\circ}C$ were 560 $kg_f/cm^2$, 220%, 807 $kg_f/cm^2$ and 22,146 $kg_f/cm^2$, respectively. These values are more than intermediate values of mechanical properties of PBT and Nylon6,12. These results mean that there is compatibility between PBT and Nylon6,12. Based on the extrusion conditions that produced optimum compatibility of blend, as a result, our group obtained micro fibers with the core/shell structure.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.626-632
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• 2004

Of hot- water extracts prepared from 30 kinds of herbal medicines, Acanthopanax senticosus (75.6% inhibition of control), Atractylodes macrocephale (71.3%), Panax ginseng (70.0%), Glycyrrhiza uralensis (66.3%) and Angelica acutiloba (63.1%) showed the potent tumor metastasis inhibition activity against colon 26-M3.1 lung carcinoma at 2.5 mg/kg body weight, whereas the other extracts had a little activity, except for Pueraria thunbergiana (58.6%) and C. leticulata (54.9%) having the intermediate activity. We also found that Citrus leticulata (1.80-fold of control), A. macrocephale (1.73-fold), A. senticosus and G. uralensis (1.64-fold) enhanced on Peyer's patch cells mediated-hematopoietic response at 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. In addition, these active herbal medicines were prepared into steam distillates to improve the food rheology as beverage, and to remove the inactive components. Among these steam distillates, A. macrocephale, G. uralensis and A. senticosus showed the significant tumor metastasis inhibition activity at 2.5 mg/kg body weight (58.7%, 50.3% and 41.9%, respectively), and A. macrocephale had the potent activity even at 0,25 mg/kg body weight (49.7%). In treatments of steam distillates with Peyer's patch cells, A. macrocephale and A. senticosus significantly increased the bone marrow cell proliferation even at 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL (1.49- and 1.28-fold of control). Although steam distillates had lower activity than hot-water extracts, herbal medicines, such as A. macrocephale and A. senticosus, showed the high immunostimulating activity in hot-water extracts as well as steam distillates. Therefore, these results assumed the possibility that steam distillates from herbal medicines might be utilized to food industry for beverage.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.172-179
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• 2006

When $Al_2O_3-MoO_3$ mixture is reduced, $MoO_3$ is only reduced to Mo at $900^{\circ}C$. But a compound between $Al_2O_3$ and Mo is not formed up to $1300^{\circ}C$. In the case of $Al_2O_3-MoO_3-MnO_2$ mixture, an intermediate compound $Mn_2Mo_3O_8$ is firstly formed at $900^{\circ}C$ and changes to $MnAl_2O_4$ at $1100^{\circ}C{\sim}1300^{\circ}C$. $Al_2O_3/Mo/MnO_2$ composite are manufactured by a selective reduction process in which Mo is only reduced in the powder mixture of $Al_2O_3,\;MoO_3\;and\;MnO_2$ oxide. For $Al_2O_3/Mo$ composite, the average grain size was not changed with increasing Mo content because of inhibition of grain growth of $Al_2O_3$ matrix in the presence of Mo particles. Fracture strength increased with increasing Mo content due to phenomenon of grain growth inhibition of $Al_2O_3$ matrix. Hardness decreased because of a lower hardness value of Mo, whereas fracture toughness increased. For $Al_2O_3,\;Mo\;and\;MnO_2$ composite, grain growth was facilitated by MnOB and it showed a lower fracture strength because of grain growth effect with increasing Mo and $MnO_2$ content. Hardness decreased because of the grain growth of matrix and coalesced Mo particles to be located in grain boundary, whereas fracture toughness increased.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.16-38
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• 1994

The spatial structure of Korea has been changed drastically during the second half of this century. The events such as the Korean War and the resultant division of the Korean Peninsular into two Koreas, rapid industrialization and urbanization are the major causes among others for the spatial changes of the nation. The changes in turn have spawned a number of spatial problems. It is time, we argue, to diagnose how much the nation is now ill-structured, and to discuss of which directions the long-term spatial management be reoriented. A delphi survey was conducted during the early 1993 to fulfill such research needs. Questionnaires were distributed among geographers, planners, and high governmental officials throughout the nation. These 'experts of spatial problems' were requested to evaluate the past spatial policies and strategies, and to identify spatial and environmental problems at the national, regional and local levels. The survey included questions with regard to the spatial problems in North Korea too. A complementary literature survey in the fields of spatial sciences was accomplished as well in order to identify the major research interests and issues with regard to the nations's spatial structure. The delphi survey results indicatee that the present spatial structure: in relation to consumption, housing and economic activities is satisfactory in overall, while rather poor in terms of education, leisure and community activities. Most of the experts consider infrastructural improvements are urgent in the areas of roads, waste disposal facilitles, railroads, harbors, water supply and drainage systems. The over-concentration of economic, social and political function in the Seoul Metropolitan Region is perceived to be the most serious spatial problem in Korea. The long-term solutions suggested are strategies toward a more balanced regional development as well as toward a cleaner environment. The concensus among the experts for the short-term solution is the redistribution of population and industries from the Seoul Metropolitan Region to the intermediate and small cities. The land use policies and concurrent large-scale infrastructural projects are evaluated largely pertinent and desirable in general. It is, however, suggested that development projects be conducted in a more harmonious way with environment. The survey respondents suggest that the present environmental management policies should be reexamined critically. With regard to regional and local problems, transportation and pollutions are thought to be most serious in the Seoul Metropolitan Region, while employment opportunities, and information, education and health care services are most deprived in small cities and rural areas. The majority of the experts consider a city size of 250, 000-500, 000 population is desirable to live within. Respondents beileve that North Korea's physical environment is still not aggravated much whereas its infrastructural provisions are largely pool. The co-authors of this research figure a "environmentaly sound and spatially balanced Korean Penninsular" as the ideal type of spatial structure in Korea. The basic guidelines toward this ideal prototype are suggested: the recovery of spetial integrity, progressive restructuring of the nation, land uses geared to public welfare rather than private interests, and eco-humanistic approach in spatial policies.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.6
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• pp.5-18
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• 1999

This study was attempt to encourage for developing on rehabilitation delivery system and programs as a substitute service instead of hospitalization for accident patients at work, such as hospital based home health care nursing service. It needs vary substitutes service of hospitalization to curtail the length of stay for inpatients who were hospitalized with workers compensation insurance. It focused on developing an estimation of early discharge day of accident inpatients based on a detail statement of treatment for 115 inpatients who were hospitalized at General Hospital in 1997. This study has four specific purpose as follows. First, to find out the status of health service utilization. Second, to estimate the early discharge days and income increasing effect based on the early discharge for those patients. Third, to identify the factors to affect total medical expenditure and the length of stay for those inpatients. Forth, to figure out the need of utilizing home health care nursing service for accident patients. In order to analyze of the length of stay and medical expenditure for inpatients who were hospitalized due to the accident, the authors conducted with micro-analysis and macroanalysis from medical records and medical expenditure records. Micro-analysis was done by nominal group discussion of 4 expertise with the critical criteria. such as a decrease in the amount of treatment after surgery, treatments, tests, drugs and changes in the tests consistency, drug methods, vital signs, start of ROM exercise, doctor's order, patient's outside visiting ability, stable conditions. In addition to identify affected variables for medical expenditure. the length of stay and income effect due to early discharge day, the data was analyzed with multiple regression analysis and linear regression analysis model by SPSS-PC for windows and Excell program. Results of this study as follows. First, the mean length of stay was 37.1 days, whereas the mean length of stay due to early discharge was 28.2 days at the hospital. The estimation of early discharge days were shown that depends on the length of stay. The longer length of stay, the longer length of early discharge days, such as under 7 days length of stay patients was to estimated the mean length of stay was 4.9 days and early discharge days was 4.6. whereas the mean length of stay was 122.6 days and early discharge days was 92.0 respectively. The mean medical expenditure per day were found to be 133.409 Won. whereas the mean medical expenditure per day was shown negative linear trends according to the length of stay at the hospital. The estimation results of the income effect due to 11 early discharge days per bed was around 2,150,000 won. However, it means not the real benefits from early discharge, but the income increasing amount without considering medical prime cost in general hospital. Therefore, it needs further analysis on the cost containments and benefits under the considering as well turn over rates per bed as the medical prime costs. The length of stay was most significant and the sign was positive to the total medical expenditure, as expected. Surgery and patient's residential area also an important variable in explaining medical expenditure. The level of complications was most significant variable in explaining the length of stay. The level of the needs on horne health care nursing service which can be used for early discharge accident patients were shown very high. The needs distribution varied from 65.5% of patients and 88.9% of caregivers, to 96.4% of doctors, and 99.1% of nurses. In addition horne health nurse responded that they can be managed the accident inpatients from early discharge. From these research findings. the following suggestions has been drawn it needs to develop strategies on rehabilitation delivery system in order to focused on consumer's side which is planned for 21 century health policy in Korea. Vary intermediate facilities and horne health care would have been developed in the community based for comprehensive rehabilitation services as a substitutes of hospitalization for shortening the length of stay of hospitalizations. In hospital based horne health care nursing service, it's available immediately to utilize for the patients who wanted rehabilitation services as a substitutes of hospitalization under the cooperations with workers compensation insurance company.