• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.394-406
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• 2006

Backgrounds and Objectives: Asthma is considered to be an inflammatory disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and Pulmonary eosinophilia. And it is known the structure and function of IL-5, its receptor and the mechnism IL-5 triggered eosinophil accumulation and inflammaion of the airways. At this point of view, we assume which oriental materia medics can the splenocyte inhibit from secreting the IL-S in vitro. Material and Methosds: We used the splenocyte of mouse 8 weeks after its birth, and then cnltivated those into the 2 experimental groups and control group for 48 hours. The culture medium of experimental groups were made of $1{\mu}g/ml,\;10{\mu}g/ml$, oriental materia medics, representative. And the culture media of control group was given no oriental materia medica. Then, we assayed the quantity of cytokine-expression by the Sandwich ELISA. The quantifies of cytokine-expression of the experimental groups were compared with that of the control group which was standardized These method were used for the all of oriental materia medica treated. Results: In this study, we demonstrated that 12 oriental materia medica that inhibit the splenocyte from secreting the IL-5 in both $1{\mu}g/ml,\;and\;10{\mu}g/ml$ culture media. Those were Equiseti Herbs, Sophorae Subprostratae Radix, Moutan Radicis Cortex. Trichosanthis Radix, Buddleiae Flos. Cyperi Rhizoma. Benincasae Semen, Armeniacae Semen. Zedoariae Rhizoma, Astragali Semen, Dolichoris Semen. Lilii Bulbus, Asparagi Radix, Atractylodes Rhizoma White, Polygonati Officinallis Rhizoma. Conculusions: These findinga indicate that some oriental materia medica, specially Antipyretics, Herbs for Resolving Phlegm, Relieving Cough and Calming Wheezing and Herbs for Tonifring and Invigorating effects inhibit the splenocyte from secreting the IL-5. And further study experimented in vivo is needed for treating IL-5-driven inflammatory disease including asthma.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2002

Objective : We aimed to identify the dose-dependent inhibitory effects of Sabaek-san(瀉白散) and Sabaeksan plus Sasam(Adenophorae Radix) 瀉白散加沙蔘) on the mRNA expressions of Interleukin(IL)-6, IL-8 and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF) involved in the asthma model. Materials and Methods : Through this study, BEAS-2B cell lines, human epithelial cells were used. These cells were stimulated by tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$ and histamine for artificial inflammatory expression. ${\beta}$-action messenger RNA(mRNA) was used for standards. After each 24hours of Sabaeksan and Sabaeksan plus Sasam treatment, total cellular RNAs were collected by treating RNA zol directly on living cells, Then the transcriptional activities of IL-6, 8 and GM-CSF were measured by RT-PCR with electrophoresis, Results : The mRNA expressions of IL-6 are significantly inhibited compared to those of controlled group at 40 and 100ug/ml of Sabaeksan extract and $100{\mu}g/ml$ of Sabaeksan plus Sasam extract (p<0.05). The mRNA expressions of IL-8 are significantly inhibited compared to that of controlled group at 2.40 and 100 ug/ml of Sabaeksan extract and $40.100{\mu}g/ml$ of Sabaeksan plus Sasam extract(p<0.05) THe mRNA expressions of GM-CSF are significantly inhibited compared to those of the controlled group at $100{\mu}g/ml$ of Sabaeksan extract adn $40.100{\mu}g/ml$ of Sabaeksan plus Sasam extract.(p<0.05) Conclusions : This study shows that Sabaeksan and Sabaeksan plus Sasam have dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the mRNA expressions of IL-6, IL-8 and GM-CSF in human epithelial cells. Therefore, these types of herb medicine may inhibit the inflammatory process of asthma. Advanced studies are required to investigate the mechanisms of inhibition by herb medicine in the asthma model.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.286-292
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• 2015

다당의 생물활성은 다당의 구조적인 특징과 분자량 분포에 의해 중요한 영향을 미치기 때문에, 특정 다당의 정제는 다당 연구를 위해 필수적이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 서로 다른 특성을 소유한 다당의 분획을 위한 신속 분리 방법을 개발하고 대표 화합물로 한국산 귤피로부터 조제한 다당 혼합물을 이용, 본 분리법을 최적화 하였다. 귤피는 펙티나아제 처리 후 에탄올 침전법을 통해 조다당 획분인 CPE로 조제되었으며, CPE는 재차 농도별로 연속 희석된 에탄올 용액(EtOH:DIW=8:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1.5:1, 1:1, 및 0.5:1)을 이용하여 7가지 획분(CPE8-CPE0.5)으로 분획되었다. CPE8-CPE1획분은 구성당 분석 결과 람노갈락투로난-I과 람노갈락투로난-II 다당의 지표 구성당인 총 11종의 서로 다른 당으로 구성되어 있었으며, arabino-${\beta}$-3,6-galactan 잔기를 함유하고 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 그러나 CPE0.5 획분에서는 람노갈락투로난-II 및 arabino-${\beta}$-3,6-galactan 잔기를 함유하고 있지 않았다. 한편, CPE8-CPE1 획분을 처리한 mouse 복강 대식세포에서는 농도의존적으로 IL-6의 생산 증가가 관찰된 반면, CPE1 및 CPE0.5 획분에서는 활성이 급격히 감소됨을 확인 할 수 있었다. 따라서 이상의 결과로부터 분리방법이 다양한 특성을 갖는 다당의 혼합물로부터 생물활성을 갖는 람노갈락투로난류를 신속히 분리하는데 매우 유용한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 피부각질형성세포에서 동의보감에 기록된 14 종의 충부약재에 대한 염증성 사이토카인 생성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 이를 확인하기 위하여 멀티플렉스 사이토카인 분석으로 17 종에 대한 사이토카인을 스크리닝 하였다. 충부약재 14 종 중, 제조 및 전갈 추출물은 IL-5 생성을 억제하였고, 제조, 상표초 및 수질 추출물은 IL-6 생성을, 제조, 상표초, 지룡, 수질 및 문합 추출물은 IL-8 생성에 억제 효과를 보였다. 합개, 잠사, 선퇴 및 문합 추출물은 IL-13 생성을 억제하였으며, 귀판, 잠사 및 지룡 추출물은 MIP-1β 생성에 유의적인 효과를 확인하였다. 이러한 충부약재는 피부염증 억제를 위한 항염증제 활용 가능성에 의미를 둘 수 있지만, 그 가치를 증명하기 위해서는 피부개선을 위한 기전연구를 포함하여 인체피부모사판 모델에서 추가 실험을 통한 검증이 선행 되어야 한다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.134-143
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• 2017

Background: The prevalence of allergic inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma, and allergic rhinitis worldwide has increased and complete recovery is difficult. Korean Red Ginseng, which is the heat-processed root of Panax ginseng Meyer, is widely and frequently used as a traditional medicine in East Asia. In this study, we investigated whether Korean Red Ginseng water extract (RGE) regulates the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines via the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs)/nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$) pathway in allergic inflammation. Methods: Compound 48/80-induced anaphylactic shock and 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNFB)-induced AD-like skin lesion mice models were used to investigate the antiallergic effects of RGE. Human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and human mast cells (HMC-1) were also used to clarify the effects of RGE on the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Results: Anaphylactic shock and DNFB-induced AD-like skin lesions were attenuated by RGE administration through reduction of serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and interleukin (IL)-6 levels in mouse models. RGE also reduced the production of proinflammatory cytokines including $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, and IL-8, and expression of chemokines such as IL-8, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC), and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) in HaCaT cells. Additionally, RGE decreased the release of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$), $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, and IL-8 as well as expressions of chemokines including macro-phage inflammatory protein $(MIP)-1{\alpha}$, $MIP-1{\beta}$, regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, and IL-8 in HMC-1 cells. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that these inhibitory effects occurred through blockage of the MAPK and $NF-{\kappa}B$ pathway. Conclusion: RGE may be a useful therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergic inflammatory diseases such as AD-like dermatitis.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.570-579
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• 2020

Background: Many researchers reported that the various immune activities of red ginseng are due to acid polysaccharides. But, the exact structural characteristics of the acidic polysaccharide in red ginseng have not been fully elucidated. Therefore, we isolated the acidic polysaccharide from red ginseng and characterized the structural property of the active moiety of this polysaccharide, which contributes to the immunostimulatory activity of red ginseng. Methods: A polysaccharide (RGP-AP-I) was purified from red ginseng via size-exclusion chromatography using Sephadex G-100. Immunostimulatary activity of RGP-AP-I was investigated via anti-complementory and macrophage stimulatory activity. The structure of RGP-AP-I was characterized by HPLC, sugar composition, β-glucosyl Yariv reagent and methylation analysis. Results: Peritoneal macrophages stimulated using RGP-AP-I significantly augmented the production of various cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-12, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. The primary structure of RGP-AP-I was elucidated by assessing its sugar composition and methylation analysis. RGP-AP-I is a 96 kDa acidic polysaccharide, and comprises nine different monosaccharides, which mainly include sugars such as rhamnose (Rha, 9.5%), galacturonic acid (GalA, 18.4%), galactose (Gal, 30.4%), and arabinose (Ara, 35.0%). RGP-AP-I exhibited an considerable reaction with the β-glucosyl Yariv reagent, revealing the presence of arabino-β-3,6-galactan. Methylation analysis indicated that RGP-AP-I comprises 21 different glycosyl linkages, such as 3-, 4-, 6- and 3,6-linked Galp; 5-linked Araf; 2,4-linked Rhap; and 4-linked GalAp, which are characteristics of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I). Conclusion: we assumed that the immunostimulatory activity of RGP-AP-I may be due to the RG-I structure, which comprises a main chain with a repeating linkage unit, [→2)-Rhap-(1→4)-GalAp-(1→] and three groups of side chains such as (1→5)-linked arabinan, (1→4)-linked galactan, and arabino-β-3,6-galactan, which branch at the C(O)4 positions of Rha residues in the main chain of RGP-AP-I.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.106-112
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to observe the reduction of lipid accumulation by treatment with Akkermansia muciniphila extract on 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Methods: After treating pasteurized Akk. muciniphila strains in HT-29 colorectal cancer cell, the relative expression of interleukin (IL)-8, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, and IL-1β mRNA was analyzed by real time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. 27 strains of Akk. muciniphila which have anti-inflammatory effects were selected. 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes were treated with Akk. muciniphila for 24 hr and then measured the toxicity using water soluble tetrazolium salt assay. The cells were incubated for 4 days and then differentiated into adipocytes using the medium including adipogenic reagents for 10 days. The Akk. muciniphila was treated when the medium was exchanged for differentiation medium at 4^th day and insulin medium at 6^th day. To observe the lipid accumulation, the cells were stained with Oil red O dye and were measured using a spectrophotometer. Results: In the cytotoxicity test, the cell viability of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes was significantly increased compared to the control group which untreated with Akk. muciniphila, and there was no cytotoxicity of Akk. muciniphila at 1×10⁷ CFU/mL. The results on Oil red O staining and absorbance measurements were showed a significant decrease in lipid accumulation in the group which was treated with Akk. muciniphila compared to the control group. Conclusions: In our results, Akk. muciniphila has the inhibitory effect of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. This suggests that Akk. muciniphila could be help to improve obesity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.569-577
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• 2013

간장은 한국의 전통 발효식품으로써 최근 항암 효과, 항균작용, 항산화능, 항혈전 효과 등의 효능이 보고되고 있다. 한국의 간장은 콩과 밀을 주요 원료로 사용한다. 콩의 세포벽으로부터 유래되는 다당류는 효소적 가수분해에 저항성이 있으므로, 발효가 끝난 후에도 간장에 잔존하게 되며 이것을 간장 유래 다당류(Kanjang polysaccharides, KPS)라 부른다. 본 연구에서는 산분해법과 양조법으로 제조된 시판 간장인 A~T의 20종의 투석물로부터 다당류를 제조하고, 비만세포에서 염증성 cytokine의 방출과 mRNA의 발현에 대한 KPS의 효과를 실험함으로써 항염증 효과를 조사하였다. RBL-2H3 세포에서 KPS의 처리는 histamine과 ${\beta}$-hexosaminidase의 방출을 현저히 억제시켰다. 자극된 HMC-1 세포에서 KPS의 처리는 염증성 cytokine인 IL-6, IL-8, TNF-${\alpha}$의 방출 및 mRNA의 발현을 감소시켰다. 특히, 양조간장으로부터 유래된 KPS는 산분해 간장보다 비만세포에서 우수한 항염증 효과를 나타내었다. 따라서, KPS는 알레르기성 염증반응을 억제시키는데 효과적일 것이라 사료된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.650-656
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• 2013

내피세포 단백질 C 수용체(EPCR)가 트롬빈-트롬보모듈린 복합체에 의한 단백질 C (PC) 활성 증가에 중요한 역할을 한다. EPCR의 활성은 ecodomain의 분열과 수용성 단백질(sEPCR)로 분비함으로써 현저하게 변화한다. EPCR의 탈락은 tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ converting enzyme (TACE)에 의해 매개된다. 토마토에서 발견된 라이코펜은 항산화 효과, 항암 효과, 항염증 효과를 가지고 있다. 그러나 EPCR 탈락에서의 라이코펜의 효과는 알려지지 않았다. 우리는 라이코펜이 PMA, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$와 CLP에 의해 유도된 EPCR 탈락에 미치는 영향을 연구했다. 그 결과, 라이코펜은 TACE의 발현을 억제시켜 PMA, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$와 CLP에 의해 매개된 EPCR 탈락을 저해함을 보여준다. 또한 라이코펜은 PMA가 유발한 p38, ERK1/2, JNK의 인산화를 감소시켰다. 이러한 결과를 토대로, 라이코펜은 EPCR 탈락의 저해를 통해 다양한 중증 혈관 염증 질병 치료를 위한 후보 물질이 될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.431-437
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• 2016

본 연구는 전통약재로 주로 사용되는 구절초에서 분리한 다당류(CZPS)가 선천 및 적응면역에서 중추적인 역할을 수행하는 대식세포의 활성화에 미치는 영향에 관하여 관찰하였다. 구절초에서 분리한 다당류를 마우스 유래 대식세포주인 RAW 264.7 cell에 처리하였을 때, iNOS의 발현을 조절하여 NO의 생성이 증가되었으며, 또한 면역활성 물질인 TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ 및 IL-6 등의 cytokine의 분비능이 증가되었으며, 이러한 면역활성 매개자인 NO 및 cytokine의 증가의 원인에 관한 정확한 면역세포내 신호전달에 관하여 알아본 결과, CZPS 처리는 MAPKs(ERK, p38)의 인산화를 촉진시키며, 이로 인한 전사인자인 NF-${\kappa}B$의 인산화를 증가시켜, 대식세포의 활성화를 유도시키는 것으로 관찰되었다.