• 설비공학논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.36-42
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• 2007

The latest cars give much importance in the role of HVAC system that controls the environment of the area for passengers more than just basic capability In this study, we drew the automobile interior as three dimension and arranged a method of numerical analysis on HVAC environment in the automobile interior displaying air current distribution and temperature distribution through simulation of the automobile interior on the ventilation volume and outlet area, The aim of this study is to develop the estimated method for HVAC environment in the automobile interior. Results of numerical analysis, to cool automobile interior needs more considerations if thinking cheerful surroundings of automobile interior air but the more magnitude of outlet is small, the more cooling capability is excellent and realistic countermeasures about a realistic geometry and boundary condition.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.482-489
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to reevaluate the performance of Hanji as a architectural material. Recent studies report that one of the causes of the Sick-HouseㆍSick-Building Syndrome is due to the contaminants from interior materials and the lack of ventilation. In this study, the properties of Hanji are investigated. The major focuses of this research are (1) how efficient the Hanji is for ventilation of the house and (2) whether the usage of Hanji brings required ventilation volume to the house. According to the test results, differential pressure in the air and the amount of ventilation showed linear relationship. Test results differ from various kinds of Hanji. Since houses usually have double window system, Hanji can be used to the windows system, especially for inner part of double window system. It is suggested that the combination of Hanji windows for the inner part and glass windows for outer part is very effective, and offers a solution to improvement of indoor air quality and the lack of ventilation with passive ventilation that has less energy consumption.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제9호
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• pp.10-17
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• 1996

With the ever-increasing important of high-speed information in society as we move towards the 21 st century. Interior design and it's working condition has been changed a great deal included a sort of each special character and make a difference against the others. It used to be find a great poles asunder of worker's safety and project quality according to the environmental dimension of interior construction field as if they should be a pleasantness or poor condition. This research aimed to improvement of environmental construction field of interior with construction engineers and particular interior labors in 4 phases as : ⅠThe preparatory phase : -Secure a Budget, Environmental safety supervisor -Fix of Design quality, Construction period. -Choice of Construction method, Sub constructing Ⅱ. Starting work phase ; -Capacity , Safety of temporary power line. -Carriage, Stock of Material -Safety of Electronic tools, -Personal protector. Ⅲ. Working period ; -Ventilation, I illumination of working place. -Measurement of environmental working condition Ⅳ.Finish working phase ; -Analysis of measurement data. -Evaluation and making up for the weak point. -Keeping data.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.19-24
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• 2010

Modern people are spending most of time in interior area. Indoor air environmental problem is one of the most effective factors influenceable to human health. Furthermore, saving energy and making ventilation system for pleasant indoor environment are necessary when it is faced shortage of energy over the world. In our country's case, it is already imposed that required quantity of air ventilation in buildings is 0.7 times per hour on "The regulation on building engineering system". As on the rise of the interests about Indoor air environment, Heat and Carbon dioxide emissions from User's metabolism, activity, furniture, and construction materials etc. could be the causes of Indoor air pollution. If these materials stays in Indoor air for so long, it could directly influence the user's health condition with a disease. As of building's sterilization improved that raised more mechanical ventilation. It also leads much energy waste in a period of high price of fossil fuel. Therefore, the way that saves energy and effective control of indoor ventilation is urgently needed. So, this study places the purpose on validating volume of indoor ventilation and user's comfortable degree by comparison CO2 emission rate through changing floor temperature.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2011

Lately majority of churches have preferred to enlarge their worship area to both horizontal and vertical axis. According to expand their area which brings more devotees to the limited service area. Transform from a small church into a large church is no longer unprecedented issue in South Korea. As the size of church getting bigger, many unexpected issues become matters. One of the significant problem is that the number of people have experienced either fall a sleep or feel a doziness during their service period. Due to the limited condition for the specific building type such as religion facility(church), IAQ improvements is seriously concerned. Therefore, we are going to examine by using simulation tool, CF, a difference of ventilation efficiency about the location and number of windows, and find the best way of the ventilation efficiency in a multi-stories type church by changing the exhaust pipes location and size. Furthermore, in this thesis, by changing a ceiling height from the existing building to confirm that $CO_2$ have been satisfied for both the ventilation efficiency and IAQ.

• 한국실내디자인학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국실내디자인학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.136-140
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• 2004

This study starts from the premise that future elementary school should be designed based on ecological approach. In order to restore the emotionality of children, school should provide and protect our natural environment by greening and energy saving. The research was conducted in Osaka and Busan to analyze the present condition of elementary schools in terms of ecology. The shared spaces such as halls, corridors, stairs and rest areas of fourteen schools were chosen and analyzed by the design analysis list. The list included the guidelines including greening, lighting, heating and cooling, ventilation and use of materials. The results showed that Korean schools require void space for more natural lighting, ventilation and insulation, while Japanese schools have problems in use of environmentally friendly materials, natural lighting and interior greening. This study reveals that ecological approach including greening and natural lighting should be considered in future elementary school design to make the school environment more agreeable and economical.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.509-522
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• 2009

This is a basic study to improve air quality of school classrooms in winter time. The purposes are to check indoor thermal and air environment in school classrooms during winter and to analyze influencing factors on indoor environment. The measurements of students' physical elements with questionnaire surveys were carried out in a total of 6 classrooms. As a result, this research shows that the temperature of one classroom was below indoor thermal standard level, three classrooms had lack of heat, and two classrooms are heated much, which induce relatively low humidity. All of 6 classrooms had lack of ventilation, being high level of $CO_2$ concentration and 2 classrooms are in condition of high PM10 concentration. The majority of students(76%) answered that the cause of their 'heated space syndrome' is because of the lack of ventilation. Students' opening windows for ventilations is hardly carried out at normal times, except that indoor temperature is over standard. That is, we can suggest one of solutions, which is to enable students to operate heating and ventilating system by themselves according to students' physical condition.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.573-580
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• 1998

This study examined the carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) pollution inside vehicles under low ventilation condition and evaluated the Air Quality System (AQS) for in-vehicle air quality using two techniques. The low ventilation condition is not recommended in order to keep oxygen-rich condition inside vehicles. Under the low ventilation condition, the in-vehicle $CO_2$ concentrations exceeded 1,000 ppm, the air qualify guidelines in the United States, Western Europe, and Japan, indicating more oxygen deficiency inside vehicles. On the contrary, with the AQS-on condition, the in-vehicle $CO_2$ concentrations were less than 1,000 ppm fer most of the driving time, indicating that the AQS could solve the problem of $CO_2$ accumulation inside vehicles under the low ventilation condition. The AQS test conducted by comparing carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations inside two vehicles indicated that the AQS effectively decreased the in-vehicle concentrations by 21 to 36%, as compared to medium ventilation condition with the windows closed, the vent opened, and air conditioning on. In addition, The AQS test conducted by comparing the interior and exterior concentrations indicated that the AQS effectively decreased the in-vehicle concentrations by 18 to 31%, as compared to medium ventilation condition.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2018

This study is to research technical measures for improving energy efficiency in the conservation and reuse of historic buildings focused on the recent research trends and case studies of the west. These measures are broadly classified into three types, the passive measures for saving energy and increasing comfort, the most cost-effective energy saving strategies, and the renewable energy sources. Firstly, the passive measures are divided into the elements and systems. The passive elements are awnings and overhanging eaves, porches, shutters, storm windows and doors, and shade trees. There are also the natural ventilation systems such as the historic transoms, roofs and attics to improve airflow and cross ventilation to either distribute, or exhaust heat. Secondly, the most cost-effective energy efficiency strategies are the interior insulation, airtightness and moisture protection, and the thermal quality improvement of windows. The energy efficiency solutions of modern buildings are the capillary-active interior insulation, the airtightness and moisture protection of interior walls and openings, and the integration of the original historic window into the triple glazing. Beyond the three actions, the additional strategies are the heat recovery ventilation, and the illumination system. Thirdly, there are photovoltaic(PV) and solar thermal energy, wind energy, hydropower, biomass, and geothermal energy in the renewable energy sources. These energy systems work effectively but it is vital to consider its visual effect on the external appearance of the building.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2007

Indoor air quality is the dominant contributor to total personal exposure because most people spend a majority of their time indoors. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the alternative method for improvement of indoor air quality in house after coating titanium dioxide ($TiO_2$) photocatalyst for interior part of the house using nitrogen dioxide ($NO_2$) multiple measurements. To evaluate the alternative method in indoor environment, daily indoor and outdoor $NO_2$ concentrations of an apartment and a detached house were daily measured for consecutive 21 days in winter and summer, respectively, Another daily 21 measurements were carried out after $TiO_2$ coating on wall paper of interior part in houses. All $NO_2$ concentrations were measured by passive filter badges. Indoor air quality models using mass balance are useful tool to quantify the relationship between indoor air pollution levels, ambient concentrations, and explanatory variables. Using a mass balance model and linear regression analysis, penetration factor (ventilation rate divided by sum of ventilation rate and decay rate) and source strength factor (emission rate divided by sum of ventilation rate and decay rate) were calculated. Subsequently, the decay constants were estimated. In this study. magnitude of improvement of indoor air quality could be evaluated by decay constant.