• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.464-477
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• 2021

이 연구는 대학생들을 대상으로 기성세대와의 세대 간 커뮤니케이션에 영향을 미치는 요인을 조사한 연구이다. 선행연구를 통해 세대 간 커뮤니케이션에 중요한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타난 변수인 '고정관념'이 세대간 커뮤니케이션 만족도에 미치는 효과를 통계적으로 검증하고, 외집단불안의 매개효과와 커뮤니케이션 능력의 조절효과를 살펴보았다. 분석결과 외집단 불안은 고정관념이 커뮤니케이션 만족도에 미치는 영향을 매개하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이 경로는 성별과 커뮤니케이션 능력에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 남학생 집단과 커뮤니케이션 능력이 높은 집단의 경우에는 고정관념이 외집단 불안에 영향을 주었으나 외집단 불안이 직접적으로 세대 간 커뮤니케이션 만족도에 영향을 미치지 않은 반면, 여학생 집단과 커뮤니케이션 능력이 낮은 집단의 경우 외집단 불안이 세대 간 커뮤니케이션 만족도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 선행연구 결과와 달리 능력과 관련된 고정관념보다는 인품과 관련된 고정관념이 세대 간 커뮤니케이션에 더 긍정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국노년학
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.359-376
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• 2012

본 연구는 한국중년의 노인차별에 미치는 영향요인으로 노화지식수준과 노인접촉의 질을 확인하고, 영향요인이 노인차별에 미치는 영향에 대한 집단간불안의 매개효과를 검증했다. 검증을 위해 전주시에서 20개 동을 무작위로 선정했고, 선정된 행정구역별로 35세에서 50세 사이의 중년남녀 20명씩 전체 400명을 표본 추출하였다. 회수된 설문응답 중에서 결측치, 이상치, 정규분포, 다중공선성의 조건을 만족한 393사례가 분석대상이 되었다. 분석은 빈도분석, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석, 그리고 구조방정식을 이용한 확인요인분석과 구조모형분석을 실시했다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 중년의 노화지식수준은 노인에 대한 집단간불안에 부적 영향을 미치며, 노인차별에 직접적인 영향을 미치지는 않았다. 둘째, 노화지식수준은 집단간불안을 매개로 노인차별에 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 셋째, 중년의 노인접촉의 질은 노인에 대한 집단간불안에 부적 영향을 미치며, 노인차별에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 않았다. 넷째, 중년의 노인접촉의 질은 집단간불안을 매개로 노인 차별에 부적 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 다섯째, 중년의 노인과의 집단간불안은 노인차별에 높은 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 연구결과는 노인차별을 중재하기 위한 전략적 방향으로 노화에 대한 교육과 노인과의 긍정적 접촉 기회의 제공을 시사하고 있다. 또한 교육과 접촉을 통한 중년의 노년집단에 대한 불안의 해소가 노인차별을 경감하는 방향임을 제시하고 있다.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2024

Background: Distraction is a technique used to divert a patient's attention from unpleasant procedures. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of kaleidoscopy, virtual reality, and video games in reducing anxiety and pain during invasive dental procedures in children. Methods: Sixty-six children aged 6 to 9 years were randomly assigned to three groups during local anesthesia administration: Group 1 (kaleidoscope), Group 2 (virtual reality), and Group 3 (mobile video games). The anxiety of the children was evaluated using physiological measures (heart rate) at three different time points: before, during, and after the procedure. The Raghavendra, Madhuri, and Sujata pictorial scale was used as a subjective measure before and after the procedure. Subjective measures of pain were assessed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Scale. The data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: In the intergroup comparison, there were no statistically significant differences in the physiological measures of anxiety scores between the three groups before, during, and after distraction. Raghavendra, Madhuri, and Sujata pictorial scale scores were assessed before and after distraction, but no statistically significant differences were observed. Among the three groups, the children in Group 2 showed a significant reduction in pain scores. Conclusion: Compared with kaleidoscopes and video games, virtual reality is a promising distraction technique for reducing dental fear, anxiety, and pain during local anesthesia administration in children.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.765-773
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• 2018

본 연구는 스트레스원에 노출된 불안 상황에서 대상자의 사전 안정시 심박동수와 동일한 Healing Beat를 적용하였을 때 신체의 불안 회복력에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위한 무작위 대조군 전후 실험연구이며. 이를 위해 자율신경균형, 심박동수 및 불안을 측정하였다. 대상자 선정은 D시 소재 대학교에서 모집공고를 통해 자원한 건강한 성인을 대상으로 하였으며, 실험군 30명, 대조군 34명으로 총 64명의 자료를 수집하여 분석하였다. 연구자료는 기술통계, x2-test, t-test와 시간에 따른 효과를 검증하기 위하여 repeated measures of ANOVA를 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과 실험군과 대조군 일반적 특성 및 변수들 모두 동질하였으며, 자율신경균형(F=6.151, p<.001) 및 심박동수(F=5.455, p<.001)는 총 10회 측정한 결과 군 간 시간에 따른 교호작용이 유의한 차이를 보였다. 불안(t=-7.633, p<.001)은 사전, 사후 2회 측정한 결과 집단간 유의한 차이가 있었다. 따라서 Healing Beat는 스트레스원에 노출된 상황에서 불안을 스트레스원 유발 이전 수준으로 완화시키는 데에 효과적이며, 결론적으로 Healing Beat는 다양한 스트레스 상황의 임상현장에서 혹은 일상생활에서 스트레스를 완화하기 위한 방법으로 사용할 수 있다고 본다.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.76-87
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• 2024

Purpose: We investigated the effects of a video-based education program for cerebral angiography on patients' state anxiety, uncertainty, nursing care satisfaction, and complications. Methods: The randomized experimental study included patients who underwent cerebral angiography at a university hospital in Bucheon, Gyeonggi-do between January 2023 and August 2023. Patients were assigned to the experimental group (n=50) and the control group (n=48). The program included video- and pamphlet-based education. The intervention included video-based education provided to the experimental group and conventional pamphlet-based education provided to the control group. Data were obtained pre-, post-, and 2-7 days post-intervention. Data were analyzed using the x²-test and the repeated measures analysis of variance test with the SPSS software, version 28.0. Results: The experimental group showed lower levels of state anxiety (x²=4.316, p=.038) and uncertainty (x²=3.974, p=.046) than the control group. However, we observed no significant intergroup differences in satisfaction with nursing care and complication rates. Conclusion: The results suggest that a video-based education program for cerebral angiography can effectively reduce state anxiety and uncertainty in patients undergoing cerebral angiography. Video-aided educational interventions can improve the quality of nursing care with regard to reducing state anxiety and uncertainty in patients who undergo cerebral angiography.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 2024

Background: The delivery of profound local anesthetics helps children receive successful treatment by reducing fear, anxiety, and discomfort during dental procedures. Local anesthetic injections are the most anticipated stimuli in dental surgery. Children's perceptions of pain can be altered by applying cryotherapy to precool the oral mucosa or by diverting their minds through taste distractions before administering local anesthetic injections. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of cryoanesthesia and xylitol sweet-tasting solution at the injection site in 7-10-year-old children. Methods: A total of 42 participants, aged 7-10 years, who underwent dental treatment requiring local anesthesia, were enrolled in the study. The children were randomly divided into three groups. In group I, sterile water was held in the mouth for 2 minutes before anesthetic administration, similar to group II, and in group III, a xylitol sweet-tasting solution was used for 2 minutes before needle insertion. The analysis of pain perception was carried out based on the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and the Sound, Eyes, and Motor (SEM) scale. For VAS analysis, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for intergroup comparison, and a post hoc Tukey test was performed for subgroup analysis. For the categorical SEM scale, the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the post hoc test was performed for intergroup comparison. Where a P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant at 95% confidence intervals. Results: Cryoanesthesia significantly reduced pain scores on VAS (4.21 ± 1.42) when compared to those on VAS with xylitol sweet-tasting solution (5.50 ± 1.40) and that with sterile water (6.14 ± 2.47). Intergroup comparison of the VAS scores among the three groups was performed using one-way ANOVA, which demonstrated statistically significant differences (P value <0.026) on the VAS scale. Intergroup comparison of the SEM scale was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by post hoc comparison, which exhibited statistically significant differences (P < 0.007) among the three groups for the SEM scale. Conclusion: Cryoanesthesia demonstrated higher efficacy in reducing injection pain than that exhibited by the xylitol sweet-tasting solution.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.84-105
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• 2016

The instability of social norms on the Internet causes the diversity of social identification. Meanwhile, the anonymity of online social identity and the chaos of the role-playing among the interacting participants cause an ambiguity of identity recognition, which intensifies anxiety about interpersonal interaction. Methods that promote face-to-face interpersonal interaction through the reconstruction of the identification to the social system and intergroup trust is worth further research. Based on a telephone survey of urban residents in thirty-six cities in China (N=1080), the study focuses on the influence of Internet use on interpersonal interaction of urban residents and the mediation effect of social identification. The results show that Internet use has a negative effect on the interpersonal interactions of urban residents, and social identification plays a mediating effect between Internet use and interpersonal interaction. Implications of the results are discussed.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2024

Background: In pediatric dentistry, fear and anxiety are common among children. Local anesthetics (LA) are widely used to control pain and reduce discomfort in children during dental treatment. Topical anesthetics play a vital role in reducing pain and the unpleasant sensation of a needle puncture in children. Peppermint oil has been extensively used for various diseases. However, its anesthetic properties remain unknown. Peppermint oil, used in mouthwashes, toothpastes, and other topical preparations has analgesic, anesthetic, and antiseptic properties. This study aimed to compare and evaluate pain perception following the topical application of peppermint oil versus lignocaine spray before an intraoral injection in children, aged 8-13 years. Method: Fifty-two children, aged between 8-13 years, who required local anesthesia for dental treatment were divided into two groups of 26 each by simple random sampling (Group 1: 0.2% peppermint oil and Group 2: lignocaine spray). In both groups, physiological measurements (e.g., heart rate) were recorded using pulse oximetry before, during, and after the procedure. Objective pain measurement (Sound Eye Motor (SEM) scale) during administration and subjective measuremeant (Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (WBFPRS)) after LA administration were recorded. This was followed by the required treatment of the child. Physiological parameters were compared between the two groups using an independent t-test for intergroup assessment and a paired t-test and repeated-measures ANOVA for intragroup comparisons. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze the pain scores. Results: Intragroup mean heart rates, before, during, and after treatment were statistically significantly different (P < 0.05). However, the intergroup mean pulse rates did not differ significantly between the two groups. The mean WBFPS score in the lignocaine spray group was 4.133 ± 2.06 was statistically different from that of the peppermint oil group (0.933 ± 1.03; P < 0.001^*). The mean SEM score was significantly lower in the peppermint oil group than that in the lignocaine spray group (P = 0.006). No negative effects were observed in this study. Conclusion: 0.2% peppermint oil was effective in reducing pain perception.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.397-402
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• 2020

Background: Inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) is the most common, painful, and anxiety-provoking procedure involving needle insertion for anesthetic solution deposition. DentalVibeⓇ (DV) delivers vibration at a sustained frequency as a counter-stimulation to the site of injection, thereby alleviating pain. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of DV and lignocaine hydrochloride 2% gel (Lox 2% jelly) in pain reduction during IANB in children. Methods: A split-mouth randomized clinical trial was designed with a sample of 60 children (age, 6 to 12 years) requiring bilateral IANB for various dental procedures; DV was used while administering IANB and Lox 2% jelly was used as the topical anesthetic before administering IANB at subsequent appointments. During both appointments, pain perception was measured using the sound, eye, motor (SEM) scale and Wong-Baker faces pain rating scale (WBFPRS); oxygen saturation (SpO2) and pulse rate were measured using a pulse oximeter before, during, and after the IANB procedure. The obtained values were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis. Wilcoxon test was used for intergroup comparison, and Friedman test, for intragroup comparison of measured variables at different treatment phases. Results: The medians and interquartile ranges of the WBFPRS scores recorded during the IANB procedure for DV and Lox 2% jelly were 2 (2-4) and 2 (0-2), respectively (P < 0.05). The SEM scale scores, mean SpO2, and pulse rate did not show any significant differences during the IANB procedure between both treatments. Conclusion: Both DV and Lox 2% jelly were found to be effective in pain reduction during IANB in children.