• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.162-172
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate differences in pain, pain interference, and fatigue, according to the level of physical activity in the elderly with chronic pain. Methods: Data were collected between January and March 2011 from 116 elders with chronic pain living in community settings. The data were analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 17.0 program for descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, t-test, ANOVA and ANCOVA. The reliability of the instruments was tested with Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient, which ranged from .91 to .93. Results: The results were as follows. The mean total physical activity was 2287.4 MET-min/week, and 41.4% of the investigated subjects were classified into the low physical activity group. After adjusting for age and sex, the moderate and high physical activity groups were significantly lower in pain (F=6.33, p=.002), pain interference (F=11.57, p<.001), and fatigue (F=3.16, p=.046) than the low physical activity group. Conclusion: Results from this study suggest that the level of physical activity can influence pain, pain interference and fatigue. Therefore, incorporating more physical activities into daily routines, inactive elderly individuals may improve their pain, pain interference and fatigue.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권10C호
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• pp.973-980
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• 2006

이제까지 국소 최적 검파를 다룬 연구들에서는 대부분 관측을 독립이라 두었다. 독립 관측 모형에서 얻은 검파기는 의존성 잡음 성분이 있는 현대 고속 통신 시스템에서 성능이 쾌 떨어질 수 있다. 이 논문의 1부에서는 곱셈 꼴 잡음과 일차 마르코프 덧셈꼴 잡음이 일어나는 환경에서 알려진 약한 신호를 검파할 때 알맞은 검정 통계량을 자세히 살펴본다. 이어, 2부에서는 여러 검파기의 점근 성능과 유한 표본 크기 성능을 얻고 서로 견주어 보며, 성능을 가장 좋게 하려면 간섭끼리의 의존성을 생각하여 검파기를 꾸며야 함을 보인다.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2006년도 International Symposium on GPS/GNSS Vol.2
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• pp.359-364
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• 2006

Interference can seriously degrade the performance of GPS receiver because GPS signal has extremely low power at earth surface. This paper presents a Narrowband Interference Excision Filter (NIEF) in frequency domain that removes narrowband interferences with small signal loss. A NIEF transforms the received GPS signals with interferences into the frequency domain with FFT and then compute statistics such as mean and standard deviation to determine an excision threshold. All spectrums exceeding the threshold are removed and the remaining spectrums are restored by IFFT. A NIEF effectively can remove various and strong interferences with a simple structure. However, the signal power loss is unavoidable during FFT and IFFT. Besides the hamming window and overlap technique, a threshold-whitening technique and an adaptive detection threshold are adopted to effectively reduce the signal power loss. The performance of implemented NIEF is evaluated using real signals obtained by 12 bit GPS signal acquisition board. The output of NIEF is fed into the Software Defined Receiver to evaluate the acquisition and tracking performance. Experimental results shows that many types of interference such as single-tone CWI, AM, FM, swept CWI and multi-tones CWI are effectively mitigated with small signal power loss.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.102-107
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• 2011

In multicell wireless systems with insufficient frequency reuse, user transmission will suffer other-cell interference (OCI). Cell cooperation is an effective way to mitigate OCI and increase the system sum rate. An adaptive scheme for serving one user in each cell was proposed in [1]. In this paper, we generalize that scheme by serving two users in each cell with adaptive zeroforcing beamforming (ZF) strategies. Based on our derived statistics of the signal-to-noise plus interference ratios, we choose the scheme to maximize the total ergodic sum-rate based on user locations. Through the numerical examples, we show that the total system sum rate can be improved by selecting appropriate transmitting strategy adaptively. As a result, our proposed system can explore spatial multiplexing gain without additional power and thus improves total system sum rate significantly.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2000년도 추계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
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• pp.149-152
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• 2000

In this paper, the reverse link performance of an imperfect power controlled DS/CDMA cellular system that uses a base station array antenna which can effectively remove the multiple access interference is analyzed considering both beam forming algorithm and power control error in shadowing. The blocking probability of the DS/CDMA cellular system based on array parameters, Eb/No and statistics of interference is derived, and then the system capacity corresponding to a certain blocking probability is calculated. On the assumption that the blocking probability is set 1 ％, the system capacity using MCGM algorithm with 12 antenna arrays is increased about 59 % than that using 8 antenna arrays when power control error is 2.5 ㏈.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 비동기 DS-CDMA 시스템의 성능 개선 기법으로서 다단 간섭제거기 (Multistage PIC)와 부분 다단 간섭제거기(Partial Multistage PIC)를 채용할 때 칩 동기 에러와 위상 에러가 위상 에러가 다중 접속간섭(MAI : Multiple Access Interference) 제거능력에 미치는 영향의 정도를 이론적으로 분석하고 이를 검증하기 위한 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 수행하였다. 성능 분석 결과로부터 동기가 완전한 경우에는 다단 간섭제거기와 부분 다단 간섭제거기 모두 큰 폭의 성능 개선을 이룰 수 있었는데 단(stage) 수를 증가시킬수록 다단 간섭제거기와 부분 다단간섭제거기의 성능 개선은 비슷하였다. 또한, 칩 동기 에러와 위상 에러기를 고려 할 경우, 1단(no cancellation)에서의 성능 열화가 각 단의 상관기 출력(decision statistic)에 영향을 줌으로써 다단 간섭제거기와 부분 다단 간섭제거기의 성능 개선을 감소시켰다. 그렇지만, 불완전 동기에도 불구하고 단(stage) 수를 증가시키면 두 간섭제거기 모두 강한 간섭제기능력을 보였다. 실제 시스템에서는 완벽한 칩 동기와 위상 동기 획득이 불가능하기 때문에 칩 동기 에러와 위상 에러에 대해서도 큰 폭의 성능 개선을 이룰 수 있고 구현상의 복잡도도 줄일 수 있는 간섭제거기가 필요하게 된다. 따라서 기존의 다단 간섭제거기와 거의 동일한 성능 개선을 달성하면서 구조가 간단하고 계산량이 적은 부분 다단 간섭제거기의 활용도가 높아질 것이 예상된다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2023

본 논문은 매크로 기지국 (Macro base station, MBS) 커버리지 내 스몰셀 기지국 (Small-cell base station, SBS)이 중첩된 5G 이기종 네트워크 (Heterogeneous network, HetNet)환경에서 머신 타입 통신 장치 (Machine-Type Communications Devices, MTCD)들에게 미치는 간섭을 해결하고 성능향상을 위한 스몰셀 자원 분리 할당 방법을 제안한다. 5G HetNet에서는 다양한 타입의 MTCD들이 데이터 트래픽을 생성하므로 기지국에 대한 부하가 심해진다. 따라서 이 부하를 해결하기 위해 SBS의 수신세기에 bias값을 더해 조건에 만족하는 MTCD들을 SBS에 연결하는 셀 범위 확장 (Cell range expansion, CRE)방법이 적용된다. CRE를 통해 SBS에 연결되는 MTCD들의 수가 증가하여 MBS의 부하는 줄어들지만 간섭의 영향을 받아 성능이 저하되므로 이를 해결하는 방법이 필요하다. 제안하는 스몰셀 자원 분리 할당 방법은 CRE로 SBS 내 새롭게 추가된 MTCD의 간섭 완화를 위해 기존 MBS로부터의 간섭이 적은 자원을 할당하고 기존 MTCD들의 성능에 따라 자원을 분리하여 할당하므로 전체 MTCD들의 성능을 향상시킨다. 시뮬레이션 결과를 통해 제안하는 스몰셀 자원 분리 할당 방법은 기존의 자원 할당 방법보다 MBS와 SBS에 연결된 MTCD들의 시스템 용량에서 21%와 126%의 성능향상을 보인다.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 제14회 신호처리 합동 학술대회 논문집
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• pp.907-910
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• 2001

In this paper, we address a new time delay estimation method using third-order statistics and subband adaptive filtering to improve the accuracy of target detection for acoustic backscattered signals in a noise interference environment. Each reference and primary signals are decorrelated using the multiresolution analysis framework through a M-band discrete wavelet transform(M-DWT). Then noise effect can be reduced. Here, time delays are estimated iteratively in each subband using two different adaptation mechanisms that minimize the mean squared error (MSE) between the references and primary signal. More specifically, third-order cumulants and projection cross-correlation(PCC) criterion are utilized to achieve an effective SNR improvement for the time delay estimation.

• 음성과학
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.217-232
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• 2000

In this study, I investigate the role of post-consonantal fundamental frequency (F0) as a cue for automatic distinction of types of Korean stops and affricates. Rather than examining data obtained by restricting contexts to a minimum to prevent the interference of irrelevant factors, a relatively natural speaker independent speech corpus is analysed. Automatic and statistical approaches are adopted to annotate data, to minimise speaker variability, and to evaluate the results. In spite of possible loss of information during those automatic analyses, statistics obtained suggest that vowel F0 is a useful cue for distinguishing manners of articulation of Korean non-continuant obstruents having the same place of articulation, especially of lax and aspirated stops and affricates. On the basis of the statistics, automatic classification is attempted over the relevant consonants in a specific context where the micro-prosodic effects appear to be maximised. The results confirm the usefulness of this effect in application for Korean phone recognition.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.305-310
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• 2003

In this paper, we proposed an IJADE(Improved joint approximate diagonalisation of eigenmatrices) which use high order statistics instead of second order statistics for data whitening. For simulation, we artificially construct signals mixed with two ECG signals, 60Hz power line interference and 16Hz sine signal and then put them into a JADE and an IJADE. To evaluate the performance of separated ECG signal in each algorithm, we have adopted indices such as kurtosis, standard deviation ratio, correlation coefficient and euclidean distance. As a results, IJ ADE showed theimproved performances as kurtosis of $2\%,$ standard deviation ratio of 0.2194, and Euclidean distance of 0.07 except correlation coefficient showing similar value. In conclusion, the proposed IJADE showed a good performance in separating ECG and a possibilities in applying to the various biological signal.