• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.22-27
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• 1987

The debonding of clad steel was often occurred at interface between stainless steel and carbon steel during the fabrication of pressure vessel. In order to clarify the causes of debonding phenomena, the fabrication sequences were fully analyzed. As a result, possible factors were noticed for causing the debonding of clad steel, that is, thermal treatment on weldment and welding. Moreover the existence of hydrogen diffused from surroundings also expedites the debonding of clad steel. In this stud, the effect of welding thermal cycle, hydrogen and mixed condition under thermal treatment on the interfacial strength of clad steel were investigated to understand the debonding mechanism of clad steel. From this study, it has been confirmed that the interfacial strength of clad steel was remarkablely deteriorated due to welding and/or existence of hydrogen under thermal treatment. In the case of welding thermal cycle effect, the higher temperature at interface experienced by welding, the more reduction in interfacial strength of clad steel resulted in. And the existence of diffusible hydrogen also reduced the interfacial strength. It is also found that the interfacial strength of clad steel became much lower value than that of the as-received plate under coexistence of above mentioned factors.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.28-37
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• 1987

To clarify the debonding phenomena of clad steel, the effect of thermal treatment (temperature, holding time) on the interfacial strength of clad steel was preliminarily investigated. From this study, it was confirmed that the interfacial strength of clad steel was deteriorated by thermal treatment and the amount of strength deteriorated, depending on the condition of thermal treatment, could be evaluated by the following equation. ${\sigma}_{ HT}/{\sigma}_{i}/=A_{0}-A\;exp(-Q/RT)log(t/t_{0})$ This equation implies that temperature has a far strong effect on strength deterioration than tiem. The deterioration of interfacial strength of clad steel after thermal treatment may be derived from the thermal stress caused by the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between component materials and microstructural change along the interface.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제84권3호
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• pp.375-391
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• 2022

This paper discussed and analyzed the interfacial stress distribution characteristic of adjacent cracks in Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) plate strengthened concrete slabs. One un-strengthened concrete test beam and four CFRP plate-strengthened concrete test beams were designed to carry out four-point flexural tests. The test data shows that the interfacial shear stress between the interface of CFRP plate and concrete can effectively reduce the crack shrinkage of the tensile concrete and reduces the width of crack. The maximum main crack flexural height in pure bending section of the strengthened specimen is smaller than that of the un-strengthened specimen, the CFRP plate improves the rigidity of specimens without brittle failure. The average ultimate bearing capacity of the CFRP-strengthened specimens was increased by 64.3% compared to that without CFRP-strengthen. This indicites that CFRP enhancement measures can effectively improve the ultimate bearing capacity and delay the occurrence of debonding damage. Based on the derivation of mechanical analysis model, the calculation formula of interfacial shear stress between adjacent cracks is proposed. The distributions characteristics of interfacial shear stress between certain crack widths were given. In the intermediate cracking region of pure bending sections, the length of the interfacial softening near the mid-span cracking position gradually increases as the load increases. The CFRP-concrete interface debonding capacity with the larger adjacent crack spacing is lower than that with the smaller adjacent crack spacing. The theoretical calculation results of interfacial bonding shear stress between adjacent cracks have good agreement with the experimental results. The interfacial debonding failure between adjacent cracks in the intermediate cracking region was mainly caused by the root of the main crack. The larger the spacing between adjacent cracks exists, the easier the interfacial debonding failure occurs.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1384-1392
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• 2002

Single fiber pull-out technique has been commonly used to characterize the mechanical behavior of interface in fiber reinforced composite materials. An improved analysis considering the effects of transversely isotropic properties of fiber and the effects of thermal residual stresses in both radial and axial directions along the fiber/matrix interface is developed for the single fiber pull-out test. Although the stress transfer properties across the interface is not much affected by considering the transversely isotropic properties of fiber, interfacial debonding is notably encouraged by the effect. The interfacial shear stress that plays an important role in interfacial debonding is very much affected by the component of axial thermal residual stress in the bonded region, which can induce a two-way debonding mechanism.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.89-105
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• 2024

Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) method has exhibited broad application prospects in the nondestructive detection of interfacial debonding in steel-concrete composite structures (SCCS). However, due to the structural diversity of SCCS and the high stealthiness of interfacial debonding defects, the feasibility of MASW method needs to be investigated in depth. In this study, synthetic parametric study on MASW nondestructive debonding detection for SCCSs is performed. The aim is to quantitatively analyze influential factors with respect to structural composition of SCCS and MASW measurement mode. First, stress wave composition and propagation process in SCCS are studied utilizing 2D numerical simulation. For structural composition in SCCS, the thickness variation of steel plate, concrete core, and debonding defects are discussed. To determine the most appropriate sensor arrangement for MASW measurement, the effects of spacing and number of observation points, along with distances between excitation points, nearest boundary, as well as the first observation point, are analyzed individually. The influence of signal type and frequency of transient excitation on dispersion figures from forwarding analysis is studied to determine the most suitable excitation signal. The findings from this study can provide important theoretical guidance for MASW-based interfacial debonding detection for SCCS. Furthermore, they can be instrumental in optimizing both the sensor layout design and signal choice for experimental validation.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.177-186
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• 1999

본 연구의 목적은 탄소섬유쉬트로 보강된 시험체의 주요 파괴모드인 계면모드인 계면박리 모드에 의한 부재의 파괴를 규명하는 것이다. 탄소섬유쉬트로 보강된 손상된 보시험체의 계면박리 모드를 해석하기 위하여 선형탄성 파괴역학(LEFM)의 컴플라이언스법과 유한요소법을 사용하여 계면파괴 역학변수인 에너지해방율(strain energy release rate, G)을 고찰하였다. 손상된 단순 보시험체의 해석결과, 최대 에너지해방율($G_{max}$)은 에폭시 접착두께에 관계없이 바깥 휨균열에서 시작된 계면 전단 균열 길이가 18mm 부근에서 발생하였다. 보강보의 강도 해석결과, 극한강도 설계법에 따른 단면의 공칭 휨 강도에 대한 계면박리에 의해 부재가 파괴되는 것으로 해석되었다. 또한 적용된 접착두께 1mm~3mm는 에너지해방율에 거의 영향을 미치지 않아 계면박리의 주요 인자가 아닌 것으로 나타났다.

• Composites Research
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.42-49
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• 2003

취성기지 복합재료는 섬유와 기지 사이에 계면분리가 존재하는 경우가 있는데 이것은 복합재료의 강도와 강성저하의 원인이 된다. 계면분리와 섬유체적비가 복합재료의 기계적 물성치에 미치는 영향에 대만 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 우선 몇 가지 가정하에 복합재료를 구성하는 섬유와 기지에 대하여 간단하게 모델링하고 이웃하는 대표체적요소의 경계를 따라 응력과 변위 연속조건을 부과하였다. 강성상수들을 역변환하여 복합재료의 유효물성치를 구하였다. 완전접착의 경우 수치해를 혼합물법칙에 의한 이론해와 비교한 결과 일치함을 알 수 있었고 계면분리가 큰 경우 섬유체적비가 증가하더라도 물성치가 감소함을 알 수 있었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.1275-1303
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• 2016

Steel plates and carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) laminates or plates bonded to concrete substrates have been widely used for concrete strengthening. However, this technique cause plate debonding, which makes the strengthening system inefficient. The main objective of this study is to enhance the bond strength of externally bonded steel plates and CFRP laminates to the concrete surface by proposing new embedded adhesive and steel connectors. The effects of these new embedded connectors were investigated through the tests on 36 prism specimens. Parameters such as interfacial shear stress, fracture energy and the maximum strains in plates were also determined in this study and compared with the maximum value of debonding stresses using a relevant failure criterion by means of pullout test. The study indicates that the interfacial bond strength between the externally bonded plates and concrete can be increased remarkably by using these connectors. The investigation verifies that steel connectors increase the shear bond strength by 48% compared to 38% for the adhesive connectors. Thus, steel connectors are more effective than adhesive connectors in increasing shear bond strength. Results also show that the use of double connectors significantly increases interfacial shear stress and decrease debonding failure. Finally, a new proposed formula is modified to predict the maximum bond strength of steel plates and CFRP laminates adhesively glued to concrete in the presence of the embedded connectors.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.387-395
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• 2008

Stress distribution and interfacial debonding process at the interface between a rubber mold and a powder compact were analyzed during unloading under cold isostatic pressing. The Cap model proposed by Lee and Kim was used for densification behavior of powder based on the parameters involved in the yield function of general Cap model and volumetric strain evolution. Cohesive elements incorporating a bilinear cohesive zone model were also used to simulate interfacial debonding process. The Cap model and the cohesive zone model were implemented into a finite element program (ABAQUS). Densification behavior of powder was investigated under various interface conditions between a rubber mold and a powder compact during loading. The residual tensile stress at the interface was investigated for rubber molds with various elastic moduli under perfect bonding condition. The variations of the elastic energy density of a rubber mold and the maximum principal stress of a powder compact were calculated for several interfacial strengths at the interface during unloading.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.815-837
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• 2012

A plated beam is strengthened by bonding a thin plate to the tension face; it often fails because of premature debonding of the thin plate from the original beam in a brittle manner. A sound understanding of the mechanism of such debonding failure is very important for the effective use of this strengthening technique. This paper presents an improved analytical solution for interfacial stresses that incorporates multiple loading conditions simultaneously, including prestress, mechanical and thermal loads, and the effects of adherend shear deformations and curvature mismatches between the beam and the plate. Simply supported beams bonded with a thin prestressing plate and subjected to both mechanical and thermal loading were considered in the present work. The effects of the curvature mismatch and adherend shear deformations of the beam and plate were investigated and compared. The main mechanisms affecting the distribution of interfacial stresses were analyzed. Both the normal and shear stresses were found to be significantly influenced by the coupled effects of the elastic moduli with the ratios $E_a/E_b$ and $E_a/E_p$.