• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제78권2호
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• pp.163-174
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• 2021

Track-bridge interaction has become an essential part in the design of bridges and rails in terms of modern railways. As a unique ballastless slab track, the longitudinal continuous slab track (LCST) or referred to as the China railway track system Type-II (CRTS II) slab track, demonstrates a complex force mechanism. Therefore, a comprehensive track-bridge interaction study between multi-span simply supported beam bridges and the LCST is presented in this work. In specific, we have developed an integrated finite element model to investigate the overall interaction effects of the LCST-bridge system subjected to the actions of temperature changes, traffic loads, and braking forces. In that place, the deformation patterns of the track and bridge, and the distributions of longitudinal forces and the interfacial shear stress are studied. Our results show that the additional rail stress has been reduced under various loads and the rail's deformation has become much smoother after the transition of the two continuous structural layers of the LCST. However, the influence of the temperature difference of bridges is significant and cannot be ignored as this action can bend the bridge like the traffic load. The uniform temperature change causes the tensile stress of the concrete track structure and further induce cracks in them. Additionally, the influences of the friction coefficient of the sliding layer and the interfacial bond characteristics on the LCST's performance are discussed. The systematic study presented in this work may have some potential impacts on the understanding of the overall mechanical behavior of the LCST-bridge system.

• 폴리머
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.340-348
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• 2003

변형된 Stud-pull 시험 방법을 통해 탄소강 기재 위에 발포된 폴리우레탄의 접착 강도를 측정하였다. 아연인산으로 처리한 표면이 거친 탄소강 위에서 발포시킨 폴리우레탄의 접착 강도는 0.95 kN으로서 표면이 매끈한 양극산화된 탄소강 위에서 발포된 폴리우레탄의 접착 강도인 0.38 kN 보다 높게 나타남으로서 그 타당성이 입증되었다. 이 시험법을 여러 온도로 미리 가열된 탄소강 기재 위에서 폴리우레탄을 발포 접합시킨 시료들에 적용한 결과, 6$0^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 미리 가열된 금속 기재 위에서 발포된 폴리우레탄은 높은 접착 강도를 나타내었다. 또한 위의 시료를 수증기를 흡착하는 용기에 노출시켜 접착 강도를 측정하였는데 4$0^{\circ}C$ 보다 낮거나 7$0^{\circ}C$의 높은 온도로 유지된 금속 기재 위에서 발포된 폴리우레탄의 접착 강도는 많이 감소하였다. HCFC-141b와 HFC-245fa로 발포된 폴리우레탄의 접착력을 비교하였는데 HFC-245fa로 발포된 시료의 접착력이 0.03 kN 만큼 낮았으며 두 시료를 수증기에 노출시 HFC-245fa로 발포된 시료는 계면 근처에 존재하는 가스로 채워진 빈공간 영역의 적은 면적 비율로 인해 접착력이 거의 그대로 유지되었다. 이런 현상들은 기재의 온도, 기재의 표면 처리 방법, 발포제의 종류에 따라 금속 기재와 고분자와의 계면 근처에서의 미세조직학적인 차이에 의한 결과로 판단된다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.173-179
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 실란, 과산화수소, 불산, 샌드블라스팅을 이용한 섬유포스트의 표면 처리가 복합레진 코어와의 결합강도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위한 것이다. 32개의 FRC Postec Plus를 표면 처리를 하지 않은 대조군과 표면 처리 방법에 따라 7개의 실험군(S군, HP군, HP-S군, HF군, HF-S군, SB군, SB-S군)으로 분류하였다. S군은 실란을 적용하였고, HP군은 28%의 과산화수소로 부식하였으며, HP-S군은 과산화수소 처리 후 실란을 적용하였다. HF군은 4% 불화수소산 젤로 부식하였고, HF-S군은 불화수소산 젤 처리 후 실란으로 처리하였다. SB군은 산화 알루미늄으로 샌드블라스팅 하였고, SB-S군은 샌드블라스팅 후 실란을 적용하였다. 표면 처리한 포스트는 Tetric Flow를 사용하여 광중합 시키면서 주위에 원통형의 코어를 축조하였다. 형성된 포스트-코어 복합체를 막대 형태로 절단하여 미세인장결합강도를 측정하였다. One-way ANOVA와 LSD test로 결합강도 값을 분석한 결과, 샌드블라스팅은 섬유포스트와 복합레진 코어와의 결합력을 증가시켰으며 샌드블라스팅 후 실란으로 처리한 경우 다른 처리 방법들보다 유의하게 증가된 결합력을 나타냈다(p < 0.05).

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1351-1360
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 수적법(hand lay up : HLU)을 이용하여 단 섬유포(chopped strand mat : CSM)형태의 유리섬유를 불포화 폴리에스테르 수지에 강화시킨 복합 적층 판을 대상으로 해수중에서 굽힘·피로시험을 실시하여 피로균열 성장거동을 관찰하고 파면관찰을 통하여 GERP의 피로특성을 검토하였다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate on the interfacial morphology between dentin and restorative materials. In this in vitro study, the cavity wall restorated with 3 different kinds of tooth colored restorative materials [resin-modified Glass Ionomer cement (Fuji II LC), composite resin (Z-100), compomer (Dyract)]. The thirty extracted human molar teeth without caries and/or restorations are used. The experimental teeth were randomly divided into three groups of ten teeth each. In each group, Wedge shaped cavities (width: 3mm, length: 2mm, depth: 1.5mm) were prepared at the cementoenamel junction on buccal and lingual surfaces. The adhesive of composite resin were mixed with rhodamine B. Primer of composite resin, Prime & Bond 2.1 of Dyract and liquid of Fuji II LC were mixed with fluorescein. In group 1, the cavity wall was treatment with dentin conditioner, and then restorated with Fuji II LC. In group 2, the cavity wall was treatment with Prime & Bond 2.1 and then restorated with Dyract. In group 3, the cavity wall was etching with 10% maleic acid, applied with primer and bonding agent and then restorated with Z-100. The interface between dentin and restorative materials was observed by fluoresence imaging with a confocal laser scanning microscope. The results were as follows : 1. In Glass ionomer group, adaptation of resin modified Glass-ionomer restoration against cavity wall is tight, but the crack formed inside of restoration were observed. 2. In Dyract group, the penetration of resin tag is shorter and the width of hybrid layer is narrower than composite resin group. 3. In Z-100 group, primer penetrated deeply through dentinal tubule. Also bonding agent was penetrated along the primer, but the penetration length is shorter than primer part, and in 3-D image, the resin tag is conical shape and lateral branch is observed.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 탄소섬유접착보강공법의 박리와 연관한 부착특성에 대하여 검토하였다. 그 결과를 요약하면, 온도변화에 따른 변형 특성에서는 바탕 콘크리트의 강도에 관계없이 온도 변화에 따라서 각 재료들의 변형 폭도 커지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 초음파 전파 속도도 온도변화에 따라 작아지는 것으로 나타나 계면에서 박리가 발생하였음을 알 수 있었다. 부착강도는 온도 변화가 클수록 부착강도의 값은 작아지는 것으로 나타났는데, 파괴형태는 계면파괴와 모재파괴 형태로 나타났다. 건습 변화에 따라서는 4사이클까지 각 재료의 변형 및 초음파 전파 속도에서 큰 변화를 나타내지 않아 건습 자체의 반복에는 큰 영향이 없는 것으로 판단된다. 단, 부착강도는 40%정도 저하하는 것으로 나타났지만 비교적 양호한 강도를 나타내었다. 동결융해 시험결과는 온도변화 요인과 유사한 경향으로서 동결융해 작용을 받을 경우 4사이클 이내에 박리가 일어날 수 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2022

In this study, an electric resistance dual-spot welding process using a copper electrode inserted in a heating electrode is suggested for the spot welding of AZ31 magnesium sheets. This spot-welding process involves two heating methods for welding at the interfacial zone between the magnesium sheets, one of which is the heating method by thermal conduction from the heating electrode heated by the welding current induced to the steel electrode, and the other heating method uses the electric resistance between the contacted surfaces of the two sheets by the welding current induced to the copper electrode. This welding process includes the welding variables, such as the current induced in the heating electrode and the copper electrode, and the outer diameters of the heating electrode. This is because the heat conducted from the heating electrode can be maintained at a higher temperature in the welding zone, which has a slow cooling effect on the nugget of the melted metal after the welding step. The pressure exerted during the pressing of the magnesium sheets by the heating electrode can be increased around the nugget zone at the spot-welding zone. Thus, it not only reduces the warping effect of the elastoplastic deformation of sheets, but also the corona bond can make it less prone to cracking at the welded zone, thereby reducing the number of nuggets expelled out of the corona bond. In conclusion, it was known that an electric resistance dual spot welding process using the copper electrode inserted in the heating electrode can improve the welding properties in the electric resistance spot welding process of AZ31 magnesium sheets.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is the development of practical Dry floor tile unit method that settle the defect of a wet method and designed for resin mat. With use of PE resin which is confirmed the basic property, it is developed that resin mat, joint-sealing compound with fixed form and space management to Dry floor tile unit method. The result of this study is below. 1) To acquire above the 4kgf/$\textrm{cm}^2$ - construction specification criterion, the bonding space that between resin mat and tile has to occupy the 50% of resin mat module space(10,000$\textrm{cm}^2$). 2) Criteria of bonding part plane is below. simpleness of metal form. productivity, uniform quality after injection molding cooling, easy cutting for remain space management, adhesive property, construction ability, transformation of a severed piece under pressure and so on. 3) To get the shape that could protect the interfacial breakdown, it is designed that resin mat and tile are unified after the bond input. 4) Adapted joint-sealing compound is the material of urethane kinds wedge form. Resin mat has the water passageway that could drain the water. 5) To manage the severed piece of tile, the resin mat is likely to divide the half and the quarter and the plastic drainage is developed in the severed piece.

• 한국전기화학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기화학회 2005년도 수소연료전지공동심포지움 2005논문집
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• pp.383-390
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• 2005

Effect of applying a DC voltage on the interfacial reaction at the metal to zirconia interface was investigated utilizing an oxygen ionic conductivity of partially stabilized zirconia. The joining of copper rod and zirconia tube was carried out in Ar gas atmosphere at $1000^{\circ}C$. There are two type of the joining. The one is the reaction bond consisting of copper and zirconia was dominated by surface reaction with a undetectable very thin layer. It was found that copper elements were diffused to zirconia side, but that Zr ions were not diffused to copper side. These results mean application of a DC voltage to migrate oxygen to the copper-zirconia interface can oxidize metal at the copper-zirconia interface and the bonding reaction between zirconia and copper oxide may occur. The other is the reaction bonding was dominated by interdiffusion with a very thick interface layer. This result mean application of a DC voltage can reduce zirconia at the interface. The bonding reaction is to be an alloying between Zr and Cu.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2007

Polyethylene is a typical hydrophobic material and it is difficult to bond the polyethylene material with metal material. Thus, it is important to modify the surface of polyethylene material to improve the bonding strength between the polyethylene and the metal materials. In this study, the surface modification of polyethylene material was investigated to improve the interfacial strength between the polyethylene and the steel materials. Polyethylene material was surface-modified in a plasma cleaner using an oxygen gas. Two cases of composites (surface-modified pelyethylene/steel composite and regular (as-received) pelyethylene/steel composite) were fabricated using a secondary bonding method. Shear and bending tests have been performed using the two cases of composites. The results showed that the contact angle did not change much as the modification time increased. However, the contact angle decreased from ${\sim}76^{\circ}\; to\;{\sim}41^{\circ}$ with the modification. The results also showed that the shear strength and the bending strength were improved about 3030 % and 7 %, respectively when the polyethylene was plasma-modified using an oxygen gas.