• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2022

In this study, by using Entry text model learning, educational contents for artificial intelligence education of elementary school students are developed and applied to actual classes. Based on the elementary and secondary artificial intelligence content table, the achievement standards of practical software education and artificial intelligence education will be reconstructed.. Among text, images, and sounds capable of machine learning, "production of emotion recognition programs using text model learning" will be selected as the educational content, which can be easily understood while reducing data preparation time for elementary school students. Entry artificial intelligence is selected as an education platform to develop artificial intelligence education contents that create emotion recognition programs using text model learning and apply them to actual elementary school classes. Based on the contents of this study, As a result of class application, students showed positive responses and interest in the entry AI class. it is suggested that quantitative research on the effectiveness of classes for elementary school students is necessary as a follow-up study.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.66-71
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• 2022

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has revolutionized several manufacturing industries. AM can generate large-scale metal components and produce complex geometries close to net-shapes. WAAM is an AM technology that has garnered considerable interest among industries owing to its economics and relatively high deposition rates. However, the heat accumulation in the weld bead during deposition triggers distortion and residual stress. To address these problems, various methods of interpass pressure rolling systems have been suggested in recent research. In addition, combining the rolling and WAAM processes can mitigate residual stresses. The constant-pressure rolling of the interlayer also affect the microstructure. The coarse microstructure of the as-deposited sample was altered to finer equiaxed grains via these methods. However, the bead-shape accuracy of the interlayer constant-pressure method does not consider the heat accumulation in each layer. Therefore, this study develops an interpass variable pressure rolling system that considers the heat accumulation of each layer. The interpass variable pressure rolling system comprises deposition, detection, pressure, and transport units. Finally, verification tests are performed on the interpass variable-pressure rolling system (at 500 kg) with the WAAM process, and the obtained results are discussed.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.155-161
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• 2022

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) is known as an important biomarker for fetal abnormality during first trimester and has a pivotal role in follicle development and corpus luteum formation. And also, it is being revealed that an expression of PAPP-A in various cells and tissues such as cancer and lesion area. PAPP-A is the major IGF binding protein-4 (IGFBP-4) protease. Cleavage of IGFBP-4 results in loss of binding affinity for IGF, causing increased IGF bioavailability for proliferation, survival, and migration. Additionally, PAPP-A can be used as a promising therapeutic target for healthy longevity. Despite growing interest, almost nothing is known about how PAPP-A expression is regulated in any tissue. This review will focus on what is currently known about the zinc metalloproteinase, PAPP-A, and its role in cells and tissues. PAPP-A is expressed in proliferating cells such as fetus in uterus, granulosa cells in follicle, dermis in wound, cancer cells, and Sertoli cells in testis. They have common characteristics of proliferation faster than normal cells with stimulating IGFs action and inhibiting IGFBPs. The PAPP-A functions and expression studies in livestock have not yet been conducted much. Further studies are needed to use PAPP-A as a marker for healthy longevity in animal science.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.17-29
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• 2022

Recently, the interest in integrated underground geospatial information mapping (IUGIM) to ensure the safety of underground spaces and facilities has been increasing. Because IUGIM is used in the fields of underground space development and underground safety management, the up-to-dateness and accuracy of information are critical. In this study, IUGIM and field data were classified, and the accuracy of IUGIM was improved by spatial interpolation. A spatial interpolation technique was used to process borehole data in IUGIM, and a quantitative evaluation was performed with mean absolute error and root mean square error through the cross-validation of seven interpolation results according to the technique and model. From the cross-validation results, accuracy decreased in the order of nonuniform rational B-spline, Kriging, and inverse distance weighting. In the case of Kriging, the accuracy difference according to the variogram model was insignificant, and Kriging using the spherical variogram exhibited the best accuracy.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.49-56
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• 2022

S-STEP is a small SAR satellite mission that monitors time-limited emergency targets and military anomalies in areas of interest, achieving the average revisit in less than 30 minutes by deploying a constellation of 32 satellites in low orbit at an altitude of 510 km. The mission operation mode of S-STEP is divided into normal mode, observation mode, communication mode, and orbit maintenance mode. Further,, the attitude control mode is subdivides into initial detumbling, sun pointing, target pointing, ground station pointing, and thrust direction maintenance. Based on the preliminary mission operational scenario and the satellite's characteristics, this study analyzed the attitude control performance during initial detumbling and observation modes. It verifies that each mode's attitude control accuracy requirements within the time allotted by the scenario of the S-STEP achieved.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.66-75
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• 2022

Aloe vera has several beneficial health effects as it interacts with probiotics and is also a source of prebiotics, antioxidants, and other bioactive materials. Thus, there has been increasing interest in the development of beverages containing Aloe vera. In this investigation, sensory qualities were estimated by fortifying oil isolated from Aloe vera in non-dairy and dairy products at different concentrations (fortified with 1% increments from 0% to 5%). Because of the strong aroma and strong yellow color of aloe oil, the sensory quality values estimated in this study were generally low. However, the samples fortified with 1% aloe oil exhibited the best sensory quality values compared with the control. Consequently, the results of this study are valuable as preliminary findings to determine the various sensory qualities of kefir fortified with aloe oil. To improve sensory qualities in the future, it is necessary to estimate the optimal lowering of the concentration of fortified aloe oil, and assess whether aloe oil exhibits various biofunctional activities at different concentrations.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.110-121
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• 2022

The root of ginger (Zingiber officinale) contains gingerol, which is known to be responsible for its pharmacological activity. The essential oil extracted from ginger has been found to have various pharmacological effects. Thus, interest in the development of various beverages using ginger oil has recently increased. Therefore, in this study, the organoleptic quality assessment of cow milk, yogurt, kefir, soy milk, oat milk, and almond milk was conducted by supplementing them with oil extracted from ginger at various concentrations (supplemented with 0.5% increments from 0% up to 2%). A poor grade was obtained in the organoleptic quality evaluation, owing to the strong odor of ginger oil. However, when compared to that of the control, the samples supplemented with 0.5% ginger oil showed a good grade of organoleptic quality assessment. Therefore, this study is considered valuable as it is the first study to review the organoleptic quality assessment by supplementing milk, yogurt, kefir, soy milk, oat milk, and almond milk with ginger oil. Additionally, in order to improve organoleptic quality assessment, it is critical to estimate how much ginger oil supplementation concentration could be reduced and whether ginger oil exhibits various bio-activities at this concentration.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.26 no.9
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• pp.1399-1404
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• 2022

The transition to the untact era caused by the COVID-19 pandemic has greatly shrunk Korea's continuously growing tourism industry. In this paper, the size, gender ratio, and gender ratio of foreign tourists before and after the outbreak of Corona, gender ratio, It was noted that there was a very large change in the purpose of the visit. Considering the end of the mandatory outdoor mask, the lifting of the mandatory quarantine for all overseas arrivals regardless of vaccination, and the number of outbound tourists who started to recover rapidly from the first half of 2022, this thesis examines how the interest in Korean tourism in the post-corona era is I wanted to see if it had changed. To this end, we analyzed how major tourism-related search keywords changed before and after COVID-19, and suggested changes necessary for the development of the Korean tourism industry.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to explore the effectiveness of online blended learning(asynchronous online learning class 1+synchronous online learning class 2) method and discuss the applicability of online blended learning. In this study, we will analyze the differences in class satisfaction and academic achievement between asynchronous online learning and online blended learning classes, and discuss the strengths, weaknesses, and satisfactions of online blended learning. Methods : The subjects of this study were 39 of the occupational therapy students who took the 'child development' course. Asynchronous online learning class was applied for 1-6 weeks and online blended learning was applied for 9~14 weeks. The online blended learning class consisted of 1 hours synchronous online learning and 2 hours asynchronous online learning. For the asynchronous online learning, the screen recording program of OBS Studio was used, and for the synchronous online learning, the Zoom program was used. The results of course evaluation and academic achievement of students according to the type of lecture were compared, and a survey was conducted on the satisfaction of online blended learning. Results : The results of this study are as follows. First, satisfaction(A class: t=-4.19, p=.001, B class: t=-7.94, p=.00) with online blended learning classes was significantly higher than asynchronous online learning. Second, when applying online blended learning class, academic achievement(t=-10.58, p=.00) was significantly higher. Third, the online blended learning class showed the highest satisfaction in improving the interest in the subject, and it was found to be helpful in online class management, professor-student interaction, and class content understanding. Conclusion : We have found that online blended learning can compensate for the shortcomings of online lectures and increase the quality of the lectures and the satisfaction of students. The application of online blended learning should be supplemented according to the characteristics of each class, and I hope that blended online teaching methods can be developed based on new ideas in the future.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.146-163
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• 2021

Purpose - This paper examines China's impact on Korea's ICT exports considering the direct competition channel, the production shift channel, and the indirect demand channel at once. This paper also takes China's economic rebalancing into account and discusses whether it makes any differences in the effect of the three channels. Design/methodology - To quantify the effect of the three channels, I constructed a linear panel regression model and estimated it with various estimation methods including the system GMM. China's exports toward the same destination as Korea's exports, Korea's exports toward China, and the third countries' exports toward China respectively reflect the three channels. China's GVC indicators are included as well to evaluate the effect of further China's economic rebalancing. Since the present paper has a greater interest in the effect of China rather than the determinant of bilateral trade, a (fixed effect) panel model becomes more appropriate than the gravity model because timeinvariant variables in the gravity model, such as the distance and the language, are eliminated during the estimation process. Findings - The estimation results indicate that Chinese ICT exports are complementary to Korea's ICT exports in general. However, when markets are considered in subgroups, China's ICT exports could have a negative effect in the long run, especially for SITC75 and SITC76 markets, implying a possible competitive threat of China. The production shift effect turns significant during China's economic rebalancing in the markets for the advanced economies and the SITC76 product. China's indirect demand channel is also in effect significantly for the advanced economy and SITC75 commodities during China's economic rebalancing periods. In addition, this paper shows that China's transition toward upstream in the global value chain could have a positive impact on Korea's ICT exports, especially at the Asian market. Originality/value - The contribution of this paper is threefold. First, it focuses on the ICT industry for which Korea increasingly depends on China and China becomes a global hub of the GVC. Second, this paper quantitatively studies three channels in a model in contrast to the literature which mostly examines those channels separately and pays less attention to the GVC aspect. Third, by utilizing relatively recent data from the period of 2001-2017, this paper discusses whether China's economic rebalancing affects the three channels.