• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 2007

Impact of thermal discharge of nuclear power plant on marine environment is naturally reflected in biogeochemical changes of seawater. Until now, many investigation activities and reports of impact analysis of marine environment were occasionally inadequate to provide sufficient justification in resolving controversial conflict of interests related with thermal discharge of nuclear power plant. From the scrutinized examination of recent 17 reports published in Korea between 2002 and 2004, the most apparent issue was inadequacy of sampling design and absence of significance of many measured parameters. In many cases, lack of statistical interpretation of raw data incurred subjective or ambiguous assessment results, which failed in deducing mutual concurrence between the parties of interest. In overall all, the main reasons for impairing integrity of previous reports seem to be inconsistency of environmental investigation procedures between research institutions, inadequate sampling design at the discretion of institutions and lack of objectivity of impact assessment based on statistical interpretation. Therefore, the primary goal of this study is to (1) discuss the blown issues on previous routine practice of seawater quality assessment procedures, and to (2) provide improved investigation procedures and rational standard criteria strictly based on statistical analysis for the better seawater quality assessment, which could be supported by scientific community, public agency, investigation institution and the other parties of interest.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.583-591
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to assess the demands of the development program of silver health care professionals for elderly individuals residing in the Northern Gyeonggi-do area. To this end, a survey was conducted to investigate college students and employees related with elderly individuals in the area regarding their recognition, interest, and involvement in the labor training program. In the case of college students, the health education they had received was only 1 to 2 hours, from a school lecture(35%). The content of health education they desired was exercise(34%) and stress management skills(28%). The sources of health information they received included mass media(77%) and the internet(12%), and they trusted the information they received from health professionals(45%), and the mass media(34%). In the case of health professionals who were working at silver care facilities, the sources of health information to which they had access were mass media(51%), internet(14%), reliable health professionals(56%), mass media(22%), and books related to health (18%). The principal issues they reported as being relevant to the elderly were dementia(39%), hypertension(14%), arthritis (11%), and they reported that the most important personnel for elderly in the future would be care managers(44%), and care helpers(21%). 88% of subjects believed that there was a need for a silver welfare integrated information system. 43% of subjects used the internet, 77% of them required in-service training programs for the welfare of the elderly. Via this developmental program of silver health care professionals, a variety of new job opportunities can be provided in the future, and a program related to the silver service industry must be established as soon as possible.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.640-647
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• 2008

Breed differences in adult animals are determined during fetal development. If interventions are to be developed that influence growth of muscle and fat, it is important to know at which time during gestation breed differences appear and are fixed. The objective of this study was to characterize fetal development in cattle of different breeds. Pregnant cows of 4 cattle breeds with different growth impetus and muscularity were slaughtered under normal processing conditions and the fetuses were removed. German Angus, a typical beef cattle; Galloway, a smaller, environmentally resistant beef type; Holstein Friesian, a dairy type; and Belgian Blue, an extreme type for muscle growth were used. Fetuses of each breed were investigated at 3, 6, and 9 mo of gestation. Fetuses were weighed and dissected into carcass, organs, and muscles. Body fat weight was obtained using the Soxhlet extraction method. Fetal weight increased most rapidly in the third trimester of gestation mainly due to the accelerated muscle and fat deposition. The organ weight to body weight (BW) ratios decreased and the muscle and fat weight to BW ratios increased. At 3 mo of gestation, Galloway fetuses had the significantly smallest BW, half-carcass weight, leg weight, organ weight, muscle weight and shortest leg length. In contrast, Holstein fetuses had the significantly greatest BW, liver, kidney, and lung weights and significantly longest leg length among the 4 breeds, but no differences between Holstein Friesian and Belgian Blue were detected in half-carcass and leg weight. Indeed, Belgian Blue fetuses had the significantly greatest half-carcass weight, leg weight, and muscle weight at 9 mo of gestation, and Galloway had a significantly greater body fat to BW ratio than Holstein Friesian and Belgian Blue. These differences were not evident at 3 and 6 mo of gestation. These data show that the profound increase of tissue and organ weights occurred in later gestation in cattle fetuses even though breed differences were evident as early as 3 mo of gestation. Depending on the tissue of interest, impacting fetal growth likely needs to occur early in gestation before the appearance of breed-specific differences.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2016

This study developed and evaluated a Seoul National University literacy program for multicultural family children (SNU-LPMFC). The program was developed to enhance Korean language ability for children from multicultural backgrounds. The characteristics of this program were education using fairy tales and nursery rhymes, individual education from home visiting teacher, and parent participation education for effective children's learning support. The effectiveness of this program was examined based on 54 young children and their mothers (34 in the experimental group and 20 in the control group). To examine the effect of SNU-LPMFC, we assessed children's literacy ability as pre-tests and post-tests as well as interviewed the home visiting teachers. After 8 weeks' field application, the experimental group exhibited higher scores than the control group in total language ability and phonology. Home visiting teachers highly praised the effectiveness of the program as the children showed a higher level of interest and attention. SNU-LPMFC was shown to be an effective program to improve multicultural family children's literacy. Implications for research and practice were discussed along with the main results of this study. This study extends the limitations of existing language education programs with uniform teaching methods, configured a customized education approach for children from multicultural families and helps develop concrete teaching material that validated its effectiveness.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.39-46
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• 2017

Required military demands for high reliability of weapons systems throughout stages of life cycles as high technologies combined with weapons systems, research and development continue to drive costs upwards. However, for studies on reliability of national defense weapons systems, empirical research is limited because of a lack of interest or limitations relative to data collection. This study proposes a collection process relative to field operating specifications, based on data relative to experience and management collected by visiting vessels onsite, that operate weapons systems. In addition, after drawing the operating MTBF of the launching system for the Haeseong guided missile launcher, this study compared and analyzed that with values predicted during development and identifies parts with low operating values as compared to predicted values. Results of this study relative to maintenance support troops and weapon systems development companies will contribute to maintaining operational deployment of the launching system of the Haeseong guided weapons system.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.47-52
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• 2009

A Lagrangian particle tracking model coupled with the Princeton Ocean Model were used to estimate the average residence time of coastal water in Masan Bay, Korea. Our interest in quantifying the transport time scales in Masan Bay was stimulated by the search for a mechanistic understanding of this spatial variability, which is consistent with the concept of spatially variable transport time scales. Tidal simulation was calibrated through a comparison with the results of semi-diurnal current and water elevation measured at the tidal stations of Masan, Gadeokdo. In the model simulations, particles were released in eight cases, including slack before ebb, peak ebb, slack before flood, and peak flood, during both spring and neap tides. The averaged values obtained from the particle release simulations were used for the average residence times of the coastal water in Masan Bay. The average residence times for the southeastern parts of Somodo and the Samho River, Masan Bay were estimated to be about 20~50days and 70~80days, respectively. The spatial difference for the average residence time was controlled by the tidal currents and distance from the mouth of the bay. Our results might provide useful for understanding the transport and behavior of coastal water in a bay and might be used to estimate the dissimilative capacity for environmental assessment.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.551-561
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to develop and apply a list of meals and standard recipes using barley for diabetic patients. The degree of interest and requirements of diabetic patients were investigated for the development of meals. The ingredients of the meals were selected through the diabetic literature and previous research. While developing a list of meals, dietetic therapies for diabetic patients were considered. After developing 15 kinds of meals and modifying them through sensory evaluation, a standard recipe was completed. In the standard recipe, the menu name, the ingredients, quantity, and recipe were stated and the nutritional components were indicated. Photographs of the meals were included. The calorie prescription for the diabetic patients was aimed at elderly women, that is, those 65 years old or above, based on research showing this to be the average age of diabetics. The prescribed calories were 1,500 kcal based on the food exchange list. Weekly lists of meals including the developed dishes were made for diabetic patients. The list were modified after consultation with a clinical nutritionist. When completed, one meal item was selected for each day and cooked. A photograph was taken and presented diabetic patients. This article presents the standardized recipes of the developed list of meals and applies them to modifying the diabetic diet, with an aim to be of service to diabetic patients attempting to meet their dietetic therapy goals. We also provide basic data on institutional food services for diabetic patients and nutrition education.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.229-237
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• 2012

In this study, the failure mechanism of sandwich-to-laminate T-joints under pull-off loading was investigated by experiment and the finite element method. A total of 26 T-joint specimens were manufactured and tested in order to investigate the effects of both adhesive thickness (0.4, 2.0, and 4.0 mm) and environmental conditions on the failure of the joints. The results showed that failure occurred mainly as intralaminar failure in the first layer of the sandwich face, which was contacted to the paste adhesive. The failure load did not significantly change with increasing adhesive thickness in both RTD (Room Temperature and Dry) and ETW (Elevated Temperature and Wet) conditions. In the case of ETW conditions, however, the failure load increased slightly with an increase in adhesive thickness. The joints tested in ETW conditions had higher failure loads than those tested in RTD conditions. In addition to the experiment, a finite element analysis was also conducted to investigate the failure of the joint. The stress inside the first ply of the sandwich face was of interest because during the experiment, failure always occurred there. The analysis results showed good agreement with the trend of experimental results, except for the case of the smallest adhesive thickness. The highest stress was predicted in the regions where initial failure was observed in the experiment. The maximum stress was almost constant when the adhesive thickness was beyond 2 mm.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.94-110
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• 2016

A necessity for infants, diapers are not only used over long durations, but are also in direct contact to the infants' skin, making the choice of diaper to be of utmost importance. Current interest in cloth diapers is rapidly increasing because of issues concerning the baby's health, green environment, and economy. However, previous researches on cloth diapers are limited to simply investigating the form and material of commercial cloth diapers. There are few in-depth researches for the optimal cloth diaper development. This is therefore a fundamental research for the development of optimized cloth diapers, and analyzes the difference in absorption depending on the placement of seam line (liner, darts, and I pattern), the locations of liquid spraying (1 cm and 8 cm ahead of the center), and the amount of liquid capacity (10 and 20 ml). Currently, the development of diaper patterns considers the crotch shape of the infants and the skin length deformation. As a result, in the case of the I-pattern, the horizontal seam line prevents water from spreading to the front and back, thus reducing the absorbed area. This result was more clearly visible when water was sprayed at the center. The effect of the seam line became more obvious when there was more water (20 ml); also, when water was sprayed at the center, more leakage was observed. Using the results of this research, implementation of horizontal seam is expected to prevent the upward spread of urine.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.398-412
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• 2005

There is an increasing interest in migration legacy systems to new hardware platforms and to new software development paradigms. The reason is that high maintenance costs and lack of documentation. In order to migrate or transform legacy system, various approaches such as screen scrapping, wrapping, semi-development, and re-development, tools, and methodologies are introduced until now. However, architecture or requirements level's transformation is not suggested because most of those approaches focus on code-level transformation or a few model-level transform. In this paper, we suggest a meta-model driven approach applying 3D space concept, which can be applied into architecture and requirement phase. Proposed integrated model drives seamless migration or co-evolution from code to architecture of reverse engineering and from architecture to code of forward engineering.