• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.965-973
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• 2011

Our objective was to determine the differences in the rate and extent of dry matter digestion between barley subjected to differing agronomic variables. Two malting barley varieties, Copeland and Metcalfe were seeded at rates of 200 and 400 plants/$m^2$. Each of these varieties received nitrogen fertilizer at rates of 0, 30, 60 and 120 kg/ha, resulting in a total of 20 different barley grain samples. Samples were ground through a 6mm screen and approximately 3 g of each weighed into 50 ${\mu}m$ Dacron bags and sealed. The bags were incubated in three ruminally cannulated Holstein cattle for periods of 0, 3, 6 and 24 h. Using the data obtained from these incubations, rates of digestion were able to be predicted. The soluble fraction ranged from 0.229-0.327, the slowly degradable fraction ranged from 0.461-0.656, and the undegradable fraction ranged from 0.038-0.299. The rates of digestion ranged from 0.127-0.165 $h^{-1}$ and the effective degradability ranged from 0.527-0.757. At the Canora location, the Copeland samples which received 120 kg/ha of nitrogen fertilizer had a significantly lower (p = 0.013) soluble fraction than the rest of the samples at that location. A significant interaction (p = 0.009) was seen between the seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer application with samples from the Canora location, as well as significant differences (p = 0.029) between nitrogen application rates in samples from the Indian head location. The rate of digestion of samples from the Indian head location differed (p = 0.020) between the two seeding rates, with samples seeded at 200 seed/$m^2$ having a slightly higher rate of degradation. Differences in the effective degradability were seen between the different nitrogen application rates with samples from both the Canora and Indian head locations, as well as an (p = 0.004) interaction between the seeding rate and nitrogen fertilizer application rate. Although there was not a clear correlation between the different variables, both nitrogen application and seeding rate did have a significant effect on the rates and extent of digestion across each of the four locations.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.109-115
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• 2016

최근 구조물의 대형화에 따른 큰 지지력의 말뚝에 대한 수요가 증가하는 추세이다. 이에 따라 기성 PHC말뚝의 경우에도 700~1,200 mm 범위의 대구경 말뚝에 대한 활용이 증가하고 있고 최근 국내 현장에 적용되고 있다. 이 연구에서는 대구경 PHC말뚝의 휨성능을 향상시키기 위해 철근과 콘크리트로 보강하여 합성 PHC말뚝을 제작하였다. 휨강도 평가는 4등분점 제하실험을 통해 변위제어 방법으로 수행되었다. 휨실험을 통해 LICPT 실험체 횡방향 철근의 변형률 분포를 분석한 결과 횡방향 철근의 배근은 전단균열의 진전과 균열폭 제어에 효과적인 것으로 나타났고, 복부전단균열 발생을 억제할 수 있었다. LICPT 실험체는 LICP 실험체 보다 휨강도가 약 1.08배, 중앙부 변위가 약 1.19배 증가하였고, 횡방향 철근의 배근은 말뚝의 연성적인 휨거동 확보에 유리한 것으로 나타났다. 말뚝 제작시 사용되는 각각의 재료가 휨강도에 기여하는 수준을 층상화 단면 해석으로 계산된 축강도-휨모멘트 상관도를 통해 평가하였다. 기성 PHC말뚝과 LICP 실험체의 실제 휨강도를 1.13배, 1.16배의 안전율로 예측할 수 있었다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.236-242
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• 1987

앞의 시험(試驗)에 이어 oxyfluorfen + glyphosate의 여러 혼용농도(混用濃度)를 공시(供試)함으로써 과수원(果樹園)에서의 잡초종(雜草種) 구성변동(構成變動)에 관한 사항과 제초효과(除草效果)에 대한 두 약제(藥劑)의 상호작용효과(相互作用效果)를 분석(分析)하기 위하여 본(本) 시험(試驗)을 수행(遂行)하였다. Oxyfluorfen은 0~0.94 kg a. i./ ha 범위(範圍)에서 5 수준(水準), glyphosate는 0~0.4575 kg a.i./ha 범위(範圍)에서 4 수준(水準), 총 20 조합(組合)의 혼용농도(混用濃度)에서 시험(試驗)이 수행(遂行)되었다. l. 다년생(多年生)에 대한 방제효과(防除效果)는 oxyfluorfen+paraquat의 경우보다 oxyfluorfen + glyphosate에서 향상(向上)되었다. 2. Oxyfluorfen 저농도(低濃度) 혼용(混用)에서는 일년생(一年生) 화본과(禾本科)(바랭이)의 재생(再生)으로 우점도지수(優占度指數)가 증가하였고, glyphosate 저농도(低濃度)에서는 월년생(越年生) Stellaria와 다년생(多年生) 쑥의 만연으로 변동계수(變動係數)가 커지고 현존량(現存量)이 증가하는 경향이었다. 3. 두 약제(藥劑)의 혼용(混用)에서 oxyfluorfen이나 glyphosate 각각의 최대작용력(最大作用力)은 두 약제(藥劑)의 혼용농도(混用濃度)가 oxyfluorfen 0.55 kg a.i./ha와 glyphosate 0.35kg a.i./ha에서 형성되었다. 4. 두 약제(藥劑)의 상호작용(相互作用)은 전반적인 혼용농도하(混用濃度下)에서 대체로 부정적인 경향이었다. 5. 이상의 결과(結果)로 oxyfluorfen + glyphosate 혼용(混用)은 약량감소(藥量減少)를 가능케 하는 협력효과(協力效果)라기보다 특정잡초방제력상승(特定雜草防除力相乘)이나 제초기간연장(除草期間延長)을 통한 상가적효과(相加的效果)를 기대할 수 있었다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.820-826
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• 2014

세포표면 수용체와 통로가 적절히 기능하려면 특정 세포 내 위치로 배치되고 조절되어야 한다. PSD95/Dlg/Zo-1 (PDZ) 도메인은 이러한 배치와 조절을 매개하는 다양한 단백질들을 인식하고 이 단백질들이 서로 결합하는데 관여한다. MUPP1은 13개의 PDZ domain을 가지는 단백질로서 여러 구조 단백질 및 신호전달 단백질과 상호 결합하지만, MUPP1이 어떻게 안정화되며, 어떻게 신호전달과정에 관여하는지에 대해 아직 명확히 밝혀지지 않았다. 본 연구에서 MUPP1의 PDZ 도메인과 상호 작용하는 단백질을 규명하기 위하여 효모 two-hybrid 방법을 이용하였고, Parkin이 MUPP1과 결합하는 것을 확인하였다. Parkin은 E3 ubiquitin ligase로서, Parkin 유전자의 기능상실 돌연변이는 autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism을 일으키는 것으로 알려져 있다. Parkin은 MUPP1의 12번째 PDZ domain과 결합하지만, 다른 PDZ 도메인과는 결합하지 않았다. Parkin의 C-말단부위는 II 형 PDZ-결합모티프를 가지고 있는데, 이 모티프가 MUPP1과의 결합에 필수적임을 확인하였다. HEK-293T 세포에 MUPP1과 Parkin을 동시에 발현하여 발현위치를 확인한 결과 세포내의 같은 위치에서 발현하였다. 또한 Parkin은 MUPP1을 강하게 유비퀴틴화 하였다. 이러한 결과들은 MUPP1이 Parkin의 기질이며, Parkin에 의한 유비퀴틴화에 의해 MUPP1의 기능 혹은 안정성이 조절될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.43-49
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• 2000

An efficient and reliable Agrobacterium transformation procedure based on TDZ (thidiazuron)-induced organogenesis was established and applied to six Brazilian eggp1ant varieties. Optimum transgenic plants recovery was achieved upon the study of the following parameters affecting transformation efficiency, using F-100 variety as a model: i) explant source; ii) pre-culture period; iii) physical state of the pre-culture medium and iv) coculture conditions. The highest frequency of kanamycin-resistant calli derived from leaf explants (5%) was obtained without a pre-culture period and co-cultivation for 24 h in liquid medium followed by five days on solid RM (regeneration medium). For cotyledon explants, best results were achieved upon a pre-culture of 24 h in liquid RM and a co-cultivation period of 24 h in liquid RM followed by three days in solid RM, resulting in a transformation Sequency of 22.7%. Kanamycin-resistant organogenic calli were also obtained from cultivars Emb, Preta Comprida, Round nose Shaded, Campineira and Florida Market. The expression pattern of an epidermis-specific promoter was studied using transformants expressing a chimaeric construct comprised by the promoter Atgrp-5 transcriptionally fused to the coding region of the gus gene. The expression pattern was similar to that previously observed in tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana, with preferential expression at the epidermis and the stem phloem. These results support the idea that the Atgrp-5 promoter can be used to drive defense genes in these tissues, which are sites of pathogen interaction and spread, in programs for the genetic improvement of eggplant.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.678-687
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• 2014

The catalytic performance of silicon carbide supported nickel catalysts modified with or without second metal (Co, Cu and Zn) for the methanation of CO has been investigated in a fixed-bed reactor using a feed consisting of 25% CO and 75% $H_2$ without any diluent gas. It has been found that the introduction of Co species can clearly improve the catalytic activity of Ni/SiC catalyst, whereas the addition of Cu or Zn can result in a significant decrease in the catalytic activity. The characterizations by means of XRD, TEM, XPS, CO-TPD and $H_2$-TPR indicate that the addition of Co could decrease the particle size of active metal, increase active sites on the surface of methanation catalyst, improve the chemisorption of CO and enhance the reducibility of methanation catalysts. Additionally, the special interaction between Co species and Ni species is likely favorable for the dissociation of adsorbed CO on the surface of catalyst, and this may also contribute to the high activity of 5Co-Ni/SiC catalyst for CO methanation reaction. For 5Cu-Ni/SiC catalyst and 5Zn-Ni/SiC catalyst, Cu and Zn species could cover partial nickel particles and decrease the chemisorption amount of CO. These could be responsible for the low methanation activity. In addition, a 150h stability test under 2 MPa and $300^{\circ}C$ showed that 5Co-Ni/SiC catalyst was very stable for CO methanation reaction.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.206-211
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• 2008

HI0381 of Haemophilus influenzae was investigated by circular dichroism (CD) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. HI0381 is a 153-residue peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane lipoprotein, and a part of the larger Tol/Pal network. Here, we report its backbone $^1H$, $^{15}N$, and $^{13}C$ resonance assignments, and secondary structure predictions. About 97% of all of the $^1HN$, $^{15}N$, $^{13}CO$, $^{13}C{\alpha}$, and $^{13}C{\beta}$ resonances covering 131 non-proline residues of the 134 residue, mature protein, were clarified by sequential and specific assignments. CSI and TALOS analyses revealed that HI0381 contains five ${\alpha}$-helices and five ${\beta}$-strands. To characterize the structure of HI0381, the effects of pH and salt concentration were investigated by CD. In addition, the structural changes occurring when HI0381 was in a membranous environment were investigated by comparing its HSQC spectra and CD data in buffer and in DPC micelles; the results showed that helix ${\alpha}4$ and strand ${\beta}4$ became aligned with the membrane. We conclude that the conformation of HI0381 is affected by the membrane environment, implying that its folded state is directly related to its function.

• 한국윤활학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국윤활학회 2002년도 proceedings of the second asia international conference on tribology
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• pp.389-396
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• 2002

In XXI century it is necessary to expect the recommencement and development of activities on mastering the Moon. In the long term it is construction of manned lunar bases with industrial, astrophysical, procuring, repair equipment and services. Interplanetary flights from the Moon demand smaller power expenditures, than from the Earth, therefore it is favourable to use its surface for the construction of space-vehicle launching sites. Flights of devices in libration points in the system 'Earth - Moon' are considered. Experience of engineering system creation for the Moon displays the great complexity in provision of serviceability and reliability of friction units. Open friction units should operate under following conditions on the Moon: pressure of environment (vacuum) $p\;>10\;^{-10}$ Pa; wide range of temperature change $+150^{\circ}C\;...170^{\circ}C$; high evaporability of lubricants; influence of temperature gradients and warping of constructions; sublimation of elements of constructional materials; irradiation of different physical nature; effect of micrometeorites; reduced gravitation; influence of abrasive particles of lunar ground; requirements on minimization of size and weight characteristics of a construction (high tension); undesirability (impossibility) of application of liquid and plastic lubricants; vibration, shock, acoustic loadings during start and landings to the Earth; difficulties in repair-regenerative operations in conditions of the Moon etc. Adhesive interaction of conjugated surfaces is the principal reason of possible failures of rubbed units on the Moon. In the research of the Moon automatic interplanetary stations of 'Luna' (USSR), 'Surveyer', 'Apollo' (USA) series were used. Stations executed functions of flying, landing, artificial satellites of the Moon, moon-rovers and manned spacecrafts such as 'Apollo'. The experimental- theoretical researches carried out in the sixtieth years on tribology for conditions of the Moon appeared to be rather useful to engineering of an outer space exploration and the decision of complex problems for the friction units operating in extreme conditions on the Earth. For the creation of highly loaded friction units for the long service life on the Moon it is required not only to use accumulated experience and designed technologies, but also to carry out wide scientific research.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.177-184
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• 1989

ZSM-5 제올라이트 촉매의 고체산 특성을 암모니아 승온 탈착법과 적외선 분광법에 의하여 조사하였다. HZSM-5의 암모니아 승온 탈착 곡선에는 ${\alpha}$,${\beta}$,${\gamma}$의 세가지 상태가 나타나는데, ${\gamma}$-상태의 양은 실리카/알루미나 비가 클수록 그리고 알칼리 금속의 양이온 교환에 의하여 감소됨을 알았다. ZSM-5에 흡착시킨 피리딘의 적외선 흡수스펙트럼과 톨루엔의 알킬화반응으로부터 ${\gamma}$-상태는 Si-OH-Al의 수산기 즉 브뢴스테드산점에 기인하며 산촉매반응의 활성점으로 작용하는 것을 알았다. 또 알칼리양이온 교환시킨 ZSM-5의 암모니아, 피리딘 등의 염기와의 상호작용의 세기는 양이온 크기가 작아질수록 증가함을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.830-836
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• 2000

A participation scheme involving smallholder dairy farmers in improving dairy productivity through the use of local feeds, on-farm established feeds and crop residues was carried out in the Northeast, Thailand. At six milk collection centers, 63 farmers with 340 lactating cows participated in this research and demonstration of feed supplements. Farmers and cows were allotted to receive respective feed supplements: high-quality feed block (HQFB), high-quality feed pellet (HQFP), dried cassava leaf/cassava hay, dried leucaena leaf and cottonseed meal: 5% urea treated rice straw was fed as a source of roughage throughout the feeding period of the dry season. Trainings and workshops were organized by the researchers at the University, research station, demonstration sites and on-farms. Regular visits to the fartns by researchers and extension officers were made while discussions and demonstrations were performed in addition. Participating farmers also visited other farmers during the demonstration which offered a real practical perspective and farmer-to-farmer interaction. As a result of this participation and demonstration scheme, the farmers could learn more effectively and accepted the technology more readily, especially the practicality of the feed preparation, feed establishment, feeding method and feed reserve. Strategic supplementation of these feed supplements resulted in improving milk yield, milk quality, overall condition of the cows and higher income return through increased productivity and lower level use of concentrate to milk yield from 1:2 to 1:3 or lower. Based on this research and demonstration /participation scheme, all feed supplements enhanced productivity, however the establishment of cassava hay on fartns deserved more attention and warrants a wider developmental expansion among dairy farmers since it contained high rumen by-pass protein (tannin-protein complex) and could be easily produced and be sustainable on farms.