• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.145-151
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• 2019

유연한 벽체를 가지면서 내용물이 일부분 저장된 수평원통형 저장탱크의 내진성능을 평가하기 위하여 지진취약도 해석을 수행하였다. 충격질량과 유연질량의 두 개의 집중질량을 갖는 등가의 간이모델로 저장탱크를 모델화하였으며, 이 모델의 유효성은 구조물-유체 상호작용을 고려한 3D 해석모델의 응답이력해석을 통해서 검증하였다. 이 등가의 간이모델에 대해서 양방향 지반운동에 대해 지진해석을 수행하였으며 종축방향과 직각방향에 대해 안정성과 관련한 지진취약도 곡선을 도출하였다. 그 결과 수평원통형 저장탱크는 직각방향에 대해서 지진 시 피해가 발생할 가능성이 큰 것으로 평가되었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.319-324
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• 2005

The present study was designed to study the difference effects between nicardipine and its two enantiomers on thoracic artery of rabbit. A high-performance liquid chromatographic method was used to prepare the two enantiomers of nicardipine. The thoracic artery of rabbit was removed. The vessels were cut into 3 mm in width and 15 mm in length spiral strips and immersed into tissue baths. The concentration-response curves of nicardipine and its enantiomers were obtained by cumulative administration of the vasoconstrictors. Nicardipine and the enantiomers could shift the dose-response curves of NE, KCI or CaCl$_2$ to right in a nonparallel manner and decrease the maximum effective in a concentration-depended manner, respectively. The pD$_2$' value of R-(-)-nicardipine showed significantly effective than that of nicardipine and S-(+)-nicardipine (P<0.01). There was not obviouse difference between the pD$_2$' value of nicardipine and S-(+)-nicardipine (P>0.05). The results demonstrate that the stereoselective interaction between R-(-)-nicardipine and L-calcium channel receptor is more stronger than that of S-(+)-nicardipine.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.469-481
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• 2017

This paper aims to analytically investigate the effect of shear stress at the concrete-steel interface on the mechanical behavior of the circular steel tube-confined concrete (STCC) stub columns with active and passive confinement subjected to axial compression. Nonlinear 3D finite element models divided into the four groups, i.e. circumferential-grooved, talc-coated, lubricated, and normal groups, with active and passive confinement were developed. An innovative method was used to simulate the actively-confined specimens, and then, the results of the finite element models were compared with those of the experiments previously conducted by the authors. It was revealed that both the predicted peak compressive strength and stress-strain curves have good agreement with the corresponding values measured for the confined columns. Then, the mechanical properties of the active and passive specimens such as the concrete-steel interaction, longitudinal and hoop stresses of the steel tube, confining pressure applied to the concrete core, and compressive stress-strain curves were analyzed. Furthermore, a parametric study was performed to explore the effects of the concrete compressive strength, steel tube diameter-to-wall thickness ratio, and prestressing level on the compressive behavior of the STCC columns. The results indicate that reducing or removing the interfacial shear stress in the active and passive specimens leads to an increase in the hoop stress and confining pressure, while the longitudinal stress along the steel tube height experiences a decrease. Moreover, prestressing via the presented method is capable of improving the compressive behavior of STCC columns.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.235-242
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• 2016

In general, ship hull form design is carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the longitudinal variation of the sectional area curves is adapted from a similar mother ship to determine the volume distribution in ships. At this design stage, the initial design conditions of displacement, longitudinal center of buoyancy, etc. are satisfied and the global hydrodynamic properties of the structure are optimized. The second stage includes the local designing of the sectional forms. Sectional forms are related to the local pressure resistance in the fore- and aft-body shapes, cargo boundaries, interaction between the hull and propeller, etc. These relationships indicate that the hull sections need to be optimized in order to minimize the local resistance. The volumetric balanced (VOB) variation of ship hull forms has been suggested by Kim (2013) as a generalized, systematic variation method for determining the sectional area curves in hull form design. This method is characterized by form parameters and is based on an optimization technique. This paper emphasizes on an extensional function of the VOB considering a geometrical wave profile. We select a container ship and an LNG carrier to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique. Through analysis, we confirm that the VOB method, considering the geometrical wave profile, can be used as an efficient tool in the hull form design for ships.

• 국제강구조저널
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.1666-1683
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• 2018

To explore seismic behavior of blind bolted concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) frames infilled with precast sandwich composite wall panels (SCWPs), a series tests of blind bolted square CFST frames with precast SCWPs under lateral low-cyclic loading were conducted. The influence of the type of wall concrete, wall-to-frame connection and steel brace setting, etc. on the hysteretic curves and failure modes of the type of composite structure was investigated. The seismic behavior of the blind bolted CFST frames with precast SCWPs was evaluated in terms of lateral load-displacement relation curves, strength and stiffness degradation, crack patterns of SCWPs, energy dissipation capacity and ductility. Then, a finite element (FE) analysis modeling using ABAQUS software was developed in considering the nonlinear material properties and complex components interaction. Comparison indicated that the FE analytical results coincided well with the test results. Both the experimental and numerical results indicated that setting the external precast SCWPs could heighten the load carrying capacities and rigidities of the blind bolted CFST frames by using reasonable connectors between frame and SCWPs. These experimental studies and FE analysis would enable improvement in the practical design of the SCWPs in fabricated CFST structure buildings.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.819-830
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• 2022

This paper presented an experimental study of the bond-slip behavior of reactive powder concrete (RPC)-filled square steel tube. A total of 18 short composite specimens were designed forstatic push-out test, and information on their failure patterns, load-slip behavior and bond strength was presented. The effects of width-to-thickness ratio, height-to-width ratio and the compressive strength of RPC on the bond behavior were discussed. The experimental results show that:(1) the push-out specimens remain intact and no visible local buckling appears on the steel tube, and the interfacial scratches are even more pronounced at the internal steel tube of loading end; (2) the bond load-slip curves with different width-to-thickness ratios can be divided into two types, and the main difference is whether the curves have a drop in load with increasing slip; (3) the bond strength decreases with the increase of the width-to-thickness ratio and height-width ratio, while the influence of RPC strength is not consistent; (4) the slippage has no definite correlation with bond strength and the influence of designed parameters on slippage is not evident. On the basis of the above analysis, the expressions of interface friction stress and mechanical interaction stress are determined by neglecting chemical adhesive force, and the calculation model of bond strength for RPC filled in square steel tube specimens is proposed. The theoretical results agree well with the experimental data.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 강교 부재를 대상으로 시간에 따른 부식과 교통량(트럭통행량)의 변화 영향을 반영한 피로 취약도 평가 방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법을 통해 부식과 교통량 변화를 고려할 수 있는 피로에 대한 한계상태함수를 설정하였다. 부식의 영향은 평균부식깊이와 피로강도감소계수와의 관계를 이용하여 한계상태함수에서 피로저항의 감소로써 반영되었다. 트럭통행량의 변화는 세 가지 대표적인 변화양상을 설정하여 기간별로 실제 변화에 맞게 모델링함으로써 한계상태함수에서 하중의 증가로 반영되었다. Monte-Carlo 시뮬레이션을 이용하여 신뢰성 해석을 수행하도록 하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 시간이력 피로 취약도 곡선을 도출하였다. 검증예제와 실제 국내 강교에 적용하여 제안된 피로 취약도 평가방법을 검증하였다.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of visual effects by variations in the location and width of the waist band of one-piece dress. The stimuli are 24 samples: 8 variations of the location of the waist band and 3 variations of the width of the waist band. The data has been obtained from 50 fashion design majors. The data has analyzed by Factor Analysis, Anova, Scheffe's Test and the MCA method. The results of the study are as follows: According to the result of factor analysis of the visual effects based on the changes in the location and width of waist bands for one-piece dress, four factors were identified - verticality of whole-body, horizontality of upper-body, curves of lower-body and shape of breast. Whole-body verticality and upper-body horizontality were found to be the most important factor among them. In all of the four factors of the visual effects, significant differences were observed according to the location of the waist bands for one-piece dress. The visual effects were evaluated positively when the waist bands were positioned above the natural waist line and negatively when the waist bands were positioned below the natural waist line. In addition, significant differences were observed in the visual effects according to the width of waist bands when the waist bands were positioned above the natural waist line, and visual effects were better when the band width was 3.5cm and 4.5cm than the others. The interaction of the visual effect showed significant differences in horizontality of upper-body, curves of lower-body and shape of breast.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제68권6호
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• pp.747-760
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• 2018

In the present study, a methodology for developing fragilities of arch concrete dams to assess their performance against seismic hazards is introduced. Firstly, the probability risk and fragility curves are presented, followed by implementation and representation of the way this method is used. Amirkabir arch concrete dam was subjected to non-linear dynamic analyses. A modified three dimensional rotating smeared crack model was used to take the nonlinear behavior of mass concrete into account. The proposed model considers major characteristics of mass concrete. These characteristics are pre-softening behavior, softening initiation criteria, fracture energy conservation, suitable damping mechanism and strain rate effect. In the present analysis, complete fluid-structure interaction is included to account for appropriate fluid compressibility and absorptive reservoir boundary conditions. In this study, the Amirkabir arch concrete dam is subjected to a set of 8 three-component earthquakes each scaled to 10 increasing intensity levels. Using proposed nonlinear smeared crack model, nonlinear analysis is performed where the structure is subjected to a large set of scaled and un-scaled ground motions and the maximum responses are extracted for each one and plotted. Based on the results, fragility curves were plotted according to various and possible damages indexes. Discrete damage probabilities were calculated using statistical methods for each considered performance level and incremental nonlinear analysis. Then, fragility curves were constructed based on the lognormal distribution assumption. Two damage indexes were introduced and compared to one another. The results indicate that the dam has a proper stability under earthquake conditions at MCE level. Moreover, displacement damages index is more conservative and impractical in the fragility analysis than tensional damage index.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 지반 및 구조물의 문제점을 이상화 하는데 필요한 응용기술을 개발하기 위해 공개되어 있는 소프트웨어 즉 도스용 프로그램을 윈도우상에서 OpenSees 말뚝의 정적 지지지력과 침하를 분석할 수 있도록 하여 윈도우상에서 사용자가 편리하게 전 처리와 후 처리 및 경제조건 처리가 가능하도록 OpenSees프로그램을 개선하였다. 본 연구에 사용된 지지력 분석은 유한요소 해석과 합성된 하중전이함수에 근거한 수치해석방법이다. 본 연구에서는 흙-말뚝의 상호작용에 의한 마찰력과 선단 지지력을 각각 모델링하기 위해 경험적인 비선형 T-z과 Q-z곡선에 의한 하중전이법을 이용하여 하중재하에 따른 침하조건에서의 흙-말뚝의 반응을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서 예측한 정적 지지력과 침하량은 문헌에 의한 정적재하시험 결과와 잘 일치하는 것으로 나타나 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.