Structural Engineering and Mechanics

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Seismic fragility evaluation of arch concrete dams through nonlinear incremental analysis using smeared crack model

  • Moradloo, Javad (Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Zanjan) ;
  • Naserasadi, Kiarash (Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Zanjan) ;
  • Zamani, Habib (Department of Civil Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Zanjan)
  • Received : 2017.04.24
  • Accepted : 2018.07.21
  • Published : 2018.12.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In the present study, a methodology for developing fragilities of arch concrete dams to assess their performance against seismic hazards is introduced. Firstly, the probability risk and fragility curves are presented, followed by implementation and representation of the way this method is used. Amirkabir arch concrete dam was subjected to non-linear dynamic analyses. A modified three dimensional rotating smeared crack model was used to take the nonlinear behavior of mass concrete into account. The proposed model considers major characteristics of mass concrete. These characteristics are pre-softening behavior, softening initiation criteria, fracture energy conservation, suitable damping mechanism and strain rate effect. In the present analysis, complete fluid-structure interaction is included to account for appropriate fluid compressibility and absorptive reservoir boundary conditions. In this study, the Amirkabir arch concrete dam is subjected to a set of 8 three-component earthquakes each scaled to 10 increasing intensity levels. Using proposed nonlinear smeared crack model, nonlinear analysis is performed where the structure is subjected to a large set of scaled and un-scaled ground motions and the maximum responses are extracted for each one and plotted. Based on the results, fragility curves were plotted according to various and possible damages indexes. Discrete damage probabilities were calculated using statistical methods for each considered performance level and incremental nonlinear analysis. Then, fragility curves were constructed based on the lognormal distribution assumption. Two damage indexes were introduced and compared to one another. The results indicate that the dam has a proper stability under earthquake conditions at MCE level. Moreover, displacement damages index is more conservative and impractical in the fragility analysis than tensional damage index.

Keywords

References

  1. Alembagheri, M. and Ghaemian, M. (2013), "Damage assessment of a concrete arch dam through nonlinear incremental dynamic analysis", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 44, 127-137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2012.09.010
  2. Al-Eidi, B. and Hall, J.F. (1989a), "Non-linear earthquake response of concrete gravity dam, Part 1: Modeling", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 18(6), 837-851. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290180607
  3. Al-Eidi, B. and Hall, J.F. (1989b), "Non-linear earthquake response of concrete gravity dam, Part 2: Behavior", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 18(6), 85-865.
  4. Battacharjee, S. and Leger, P. (1992), "Concrete constitutive model for non-linear seismic analysis of gravity dams state-of-the-art", Can. J. Civil Eng., 19(3), 492-509. https://doi.org/10.1139/l92-059
  5. Borekci, M. and Kircil, M.S. (2011), "Fragility analysis of R/C frame buildings based on different types of hysteretic model", Struct. Eng. Mech., 39(6), 795-812. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2011.39.6.795
  6. Dechun, L., Xiuli, D., Guosheng, W., Annan, Z. and Anke, L. (2016), "A three-dimensional elastoplastic constitutive model for concrete", Comput. Struct., 163, 41-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2015.10.003
  7. Ellingwood, B.R. and Tekie, P.B. (2001), "Fragility analysis of concrete gravity dams", J. Infrastruct. Syst., 7(2), 41-48. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0342(2001)7:2(41)
  8. Faria, R., Oliver, J. and Cevera, M. (1998), "A strain-based plastic viscose damage model for massive concrete structures", Int. J. Sol. Struct., 35(14), 1533-1558. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7683(97)00119-4
  9. Feng, L.M and Pekauo, O.A. (1996), "Cracking analysis of arch dams by 3D boundary element method", J. Struct. Eng., 122(6), 691-699. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1996)122:6(691)
  10. Ghaemian, M. and Ghobarah, A. (1998), "Staggered solution schemes for dam-reservoir interaction", J. Flu. Struct., 12(7), 933-948. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfls.1998.0170
  11. Ghaemian, M. and MirzahosseinKashani, S. (2009), "Seismic fragility assessment of concrete gravity dams", Proceedings of the 29th USSD Annual Meeting and Conference on Managing our Water Retention Systems, Nashville, Tenessee, April.
  12. Ghrib, F. and Tinawi, R. (1995), "An application of damage mechanics for seismic analysis of concrete gravity dams", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 24(2), 157-173. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290240203
  13. Gunglun, W., Pekau, O.A., Chuhan, Z. and Shaumin, W. (2000), "Seismic fracture analysis of concrete gravity dams based on nonlinear fracture mechanics", Eng. Fract. Mech., 65(1), 67-87. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0013-7944(99)00104-6
  14. Hajhoseyni, J. and Moradloo, J. (2014), "Comparison of near-field and far-field earthquake on nonlinear response of concrete gravity dams", J. Civil Environ. Eng., 44(4), 42-52.
  15. Hariri-Ardebili, M.A., Seyed-Kolbadi, S.M. and Mirzaboz, H. (2013), "A smeared crack model for seismic failure analysis of concrete gravity dams considering fracture energy effects", Struct. Eng. Mech., 48(1), 17-39. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.48.1.017
  16. Hariri-Ardebili, M.A. and Saouma, V.E. (2016), "Probabilistic seismic demand model and optimal intensity measure for concrete dams", Struct. Safety, 59, 67-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.strusafe.2015.12.001
  17. Jovanoska, E.D. (2000), "Fragility curves for reinforced concrete structures in Skopje (Macedonia) region", Soil Dyn. Earthq. Eng., 19(6), 455-466. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0267-7261(00)00017-8
  18. Kadkhodayana, V., Aghajanzadehb, M. and Mirzabozorg, H. (2015), "Seismic assessment of arch dams using fragility curves", Civil Eng. J., 1(2), 14-20.
  19. Karim, K.R. and Yamazaki, F. (2001), "Effect of earthquake ground motions on fragility curves of highway bridge piers based on numerical simulation", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 30(12), 1839-1856. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.97
  20. Kang, J.W. and Lee, J. (2016), "A new damage index for seismic FRAGILITY analysis of reinforced concrete columns", Struct. Eng. Mech., 60(5), 875-890. https://doi.org/10.12989/SEM.2016.60.5.875
  21. Lan, L. and John, A. (2008), "Seismic bulnerability and prioritization ranking of dams in Canada", Proceedings of the 14th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Beijing, China, October.
  22. Mahab Gods Consulting Engineering Co. (1990), Data Book of Karaj Concrete Arch Dam.
  23. Mehan, Y., Bechtoula, H., Kibboua, A. and Naili, M. (2013), "Assessment of seismic FRAGILITY curves for existing RC buildings in Algiers after the 2003 Boumerdes earthquake", Struct. Eng. Mech., 46(6), 791-808. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2013.46.6.791
  24. Mirzabozorg, G. (2004), "Damage mechanics approach in seismic analysis of concrete gravity dams including dam-reservoir interaction", Eur. Earthq. Eng., 18(3), 17-24.
  25. Mirzabozorg, G. and Ghaemian, M. (2005), "Non-Linear behavior of mass concrete in three-dimensional problems using a smeared crack approach", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 34(3), 247-269. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.423
  26. Moradloo, J. (2007), "Nonlinear dynamic analysis of arch concrete dam considering large displacements", Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, TMU.
  27. Omidi, O., Valliappan, S. and Lotf, V. (2013), "Seismic cracking of concrete gravity dams by plastic-damage model using different damping mechanisms", Fin. Elem. Analy. Des., 63, 80-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.finel.2012.08.008
  28. Oudni, N. and Bouafia, Y. (2015), "Response of concrete gravity dam by damage model under seismic excitation", Eng. Fail. Analy., 58, 417-428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.08.020
  29. Pekau, O.A., Chuhan, Z. and Lingmin, F. (1995), "Seismic fracture of koyna dam: Case study", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 24(1), 15-33. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290240103
  30. Rahimzadeh, F. and Omodi, O. (2003), Investigating of Concrete Nonlinearity of Seismic Response of Concrete Arch Dam, Research Report, Water Resources Management Co. (WRMC).
  31. Shinozuka, M., Banerjee, S. and Kim, S.H. (2007), Fragility Considerations in Highway Bridge Design, MCEER, MCEER-07-0023, 192.
  32. Zienkiewicz, O.C. and Taylor, R.L. (2000), The Finite Element Method, Solid Mechanics, Butterworth Heinmann.

Cited by

  1. Effect of biaxial stress state on seismic fragility of concrete gravity dams vol.18, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2020.18.3.285
  2. A reliability-based fragility assessment method for seismic pounding between nonlinear buildings vol.77, pp.1, 2018, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2021.77.1.019
  3. Seismic fracture analysis of concrete arch dams incorporating the loading rate dependent size effect of concrete vol.79, pp.2, 2021, https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2021.79.2.169