• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.15 no.2 s.67
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• pp.326-338
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• 2007

This paper examines the works produced from 2000, the first year of the new millenium, to the late 2006 with a focus on those of Jean Paul Gaultier, a representative designer of deconstruction, in an effort to determine the aesthetic characters of deconstructional fashion. In this context, this paper deals with the theoretical study on the concepts and features of deconstruction as a part of analysis into its fashion using the works of Gaultier as a major source viewed to typically demonstrate the deconstructional characters of fashion. For this purpose, a survey was conducted to 155 works of Gaultier featured from 2001 to 2006 mostly in Vogue, the popular and influencing magazine of the USA(39 pieces in 2001, 30 in 2002, 29 in 2003, 23 in 2004, 12 in 2005 and 22 in 2006, respectively). In particular, 106 fashion pictures were put to analysis as they seemed to represent deconstruction intensively. The deconstructional characters of his works were examined in the categories of difference, inter-meaning, inter-textuality and decomposition on the basis of preceding studies, which resulted in the following outcomes: First, difference was found in 38 works out of 106 images, accounting for 36%, the biggest frequency; Second, inter-meaning accounted for 33% with 35 pieces, most frequently next to difference; Third, inter-textuality followed inter-meaning with 17 images or 15% in terms of frequency; Fourth, decomposition was revealed in 16 images in the same ratio of 15% as inter-textuality.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.110-123
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• 2007

This study aims at analyzing the characteristics and the mode of deconstructionism expressed in fashion design centering on review of literatures and precedent researches. Through the review of previous studies and various articles, three major features with regard to deconstructionism were found: indeterminacy of meaning, decentralization, and inter -textuality. In fashion, the feature of indeterminacy of meaning expressed by non formula way such as unfinished, layering, obi or straight line cutting and it was divided into unstructured and unorganized factors. The feature of decentralization expressed by disorganization of sex, race, culture and humanism such as trans-gender, third world costume, sub-culture, posthumanism. Last, the feature of inter-textuality expressed by employing the fashion texts more than two simultaneously such as mixture of unmatched or unusual various clothing items, fabrics, patterns and styles. Non formality features in fahsion which divided into unstructured and unconstructed factors. The decentering of meaning means that disorganized the existing concepts of sex, race, culture and humanism features in fashion which divided into cross-gender, subculture, and post-humanism. Lastly, the feature of inter-textuality means that employed the fashion text more than two which is classified into factors of mixing mode and mixed styles. Unstructured factors were expressed by destroying the design principles such as balance, harmony and unit in fashion. Unconstructed factors were expressed by ignoring the basic costume structures and components in fashion. Cross-gender was expressed by manish and duality style in fashion and 3rd world costume was expressed by folk costume style. Anti fashion was expressed by anti aesthetics in fashion such as kitch, punk, and hippie styles. Post-human was expressed by futurism and the 4th Sex style in fashion. Mixing mode were expressed by mixture of item, and unmatched materials and pattern in fashion. Mixture of style were expressed by mixture of pastiche expression of various styles.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.30 no.5 s.112
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• pp.268-273
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the specificities of four fulcrum types for geo-statistical analysis of elevation within rice paddy field. In Korea, the spaces between inter-rows and between hills for rice transplanting are 30cm and 11cm to 14cm, respectively. So, the size and shape of fulcrum for field elevation measurement should be considered according to the inter-row and the hill spaces. Four kinds of fulcrum were chosen such as round-shape with 2.5cm diameter, circular-shape with 10cm diameter, 10cm (one third of inter-row space) by 24cm (double of hill space) rectangular-shape, and 20cm (two-thirds of inter-row space) by 24cm rectangular-shape. The resulting descriptive statistics couldn't determine the best fulcrum type to measure the rice paddy field elevation. But the results of geo-statistical analysis could determine the best fulcrum type. In the case of 10cm by 24cm rectangular-shape fulcrum, Nugget and range, meaning measurement error and/or noise, and limit of spatial connection, respectively, were minimum; Q value meaning weight of spatial structure and $r^2$ value were minimum, and residual sum of squares was minimum. It means that 10cm by 24 cm rectangular-shape fulcrum could best describe the rice paddy field elevation.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.43-49
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• 2017

This paper deals with inter-relationship change of women's university students on the process of SW development project using social collaboration tool. Inter-relationship is one of the basic vocational competency in NCS(National Competency Standards) of Korea. We redesigned the curriculum of "Software Engineering" subject for this study and composed the project teams of students to develop software. The details of inter-relationship are satisfaction, communication, faith, friendliness, sensitivity, openness and consideration. From the result of this study, faith, openness and consideration have positive effect but satisfaction, communication, friendliness and sensitivity have no meaningful effect. The surveys were conducted in the beginning of semester and the same surveys were conducted again in the end of semester. The results were verified by paired t-test with SPSS 18.0. It is significant that the using of social collaboration tool for team project has positive effect on inter-relationship change, especially faith of women's university students. This study has some limitations for generalization but has meaning as new trial to enlarge the basic vocational competency of students in major subject, "Software Engineering". We expect new study for inter-relationship change of students to evaluate generality based on the proposed method in this paper.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.100-116
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• 2008

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of deconstruction-ism expressed in the fashion of Alexander McQueen. The method and contents of this study are as follows. The three large categories for analysis are indeterminacy, decentralization, and intertextuality. The indeterminacy of meaning is divided into unstructured and unorganized factors in fashion, while decentralization can be categorized into cross-gender, subculture, and post-humanism. Lastly, inter-textuality is classified into factors of mixing mode and mixed styles. Materials for analysis were chosen from a total of 616 designs from the website, www.firstview.com, which carries McQueen's collection from 2000 S/S through 2007 F/W. My analysis qualitatively evaluates the frequency of each category and the characteristics of design. The result of this study is as followed. First, the avant-garde facets of inter-textuality are most prominent. In particular, McQueen has introduced retro fashion and ethnic factors of the third world, not to copy them but to create hybrid designs by using pastiches and mixing fashion styles. Moreover, he has enjoyed using two fabrics of different texture in order to inflict a shock and contrast, thus enriching his fashion. Second, the indeterminacy of meaning is the second most frequently shown facet of McQueen's fashion design. McQueen has employed unstructured expression techniques, which dismantle harmony and balance, the basic rule of design, and has presented unorganized images free from basic forms of design. He has made a new attempt to acknowledge clothing as an expressive artwork by allowing clothes to take a complete form when a person actually wears them. Third, the aspects of decentralization were also shown in McQueen's design. His trans-gender clothing dissolves the traditional division of men and women and adopts a mixed gender expression. Furthermore, he has even tried to express a fourth gender by connecting the human with machine or animal or by connecting the material with the non-material.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.131-136
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• 2000

This study redefined school health environment in Korea, especially inter-school environment, according to the comprehensive meaning of health. The scope of inter-school health environment was classified into physical environment, biological chemical environment, social environment, and mental. emotional environment. While the environment management was classified into safety management, hygiene management, and living management according to management method, These analytical tools will contribute to a better understanding of the scope of school health and will be an available resource in school health practice.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.631-637
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• 2013

This study was an attempt to understand difficulties of health behaviors of the Migrant inter-marriage women and to describe the meaning of their experiences. The research data of difficulties of health behaviors of the Migrant inter-marriage women were collected in 2010 from April to May by using in-depth interviewing and observation method. Data from interviews and participant observations were analyzed according to Colaizzi's method. The findings shows that the central phenomenon for difficulties of health behaviors of the Migrant inter-marriage women are lack of health information, suffer through cultural differences, uncomfortable for using the health care centers and ends in the feeling of loneliness.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.67-75
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• 2006

Multi-family housings caused several problems related to physical form such as isolation of housing estate, inhumanity of the exterior space, and mismatch with the urban structure. To handle these problems, the purpose of this study is to analyse density elements which have a direct impact on physical forms, thereby understand the characteristics of physical form and also identify a meaning of inter-relationships between them. Therefore both formal constituents and density elements are reformed into respective analyzing indices. From the analysis, physical form and the spatial layout of buildings were more uniform in large-scale housing estates than in medium or small housing estates. However, small-scale housing estates showed various form and the spatial layout of buildings in order to increase the building density.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.27-34
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• 2020

The study investigates herding behavior in cryptocurrencies in different situations. This study employs daily returns of major cryptocurrencies listed in CCI30 index and sub-major cryptocurrencies and major stock returns listed in Dow-Jones Industrial Average Index, from 2015 to 2018. Quantile regression method is employed to test the herding effect in market asymmetries, inter-dependency and intra-dependency cases. Findings confirm the presence of herding in cryptocurrency in upper quantiles in bullish and high volatility periods because of overexcitement among investors, which lead to high volume trading. Major cryptocurrencies cause herding in sub-major cryptocurrencies, but it is a unidirectional relation. However, no intra-dependency effect among cryptocurrencies and equity market is observed. Results indicate that in the CKK model herding exists at upper quantile in market that may be due when the market is moving fast, continuously trading, and bullish trend are prevailing. Further analysis confirms this narrative as, at upper quantile, the beta of bullish regime is negative and significant, meaning the main source of market herding is a bullish trend in investment, which increases market turbulence and gives investors opportunity to herd. Also, we found that herding in cryptocurrencies exits in high volatility periods, but this herding mostly depends on market activity, not market movement.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 2013

Inter-organizational Relationships (IORs) governance is one of the emerging research areas that have been studied in different contexts (e.g. economics, strategy, organization, and management). This view, particularly, attracted rising attention from academics and practitioners in the context of construction projects, due to the complex forms of IORs in terms of inter-firm exchanges (e.g. engineering, procurement, finance, construction, and operation) in these projects. The focus of IORs governance is to control Inter-organizational relationships among two or more cooperative parties to alleviate conflict and achieve mutual gains. One of the mechanisms that have been identified in the related literature is formal governance mechanism. Although many empirical studies have been conducted using formal governance terms and indicators, there isn't yet a consensual definition of this mechanism and its components that may cause misinterpretation of research results and also impede future research. This paper makes contribution to the concept of IORs governance by clarifying the meaning of formal governance mechanism and identifying different indicators of this mechanism that have been used and identified in previous studies. This provides an innovative and useful framework to understand formal governance mechanism and its application in construction projects.