• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.492-496
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• 2011

Objective : Direct revascularization surgery is regarded as the most effective method of treatment of adults with moyamoya disease. These patients, however, have a higher risk of perioperative ischemic complications than do patients with atherosclerotic stroke, and are at risk for ischemic complications in the hemisphere contralateral to the one operated on. We investigated the incidence and risk factors for ischemic stroke in the contralateral hemisphere after surgical treatment of adults with moyamoya disease. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the medical records and results of neuroimaging studies on 79 hemispheres of 73 consecutive patients with adult moyamoya disease ($mean{\pm}SD$ age, $37.96{\pm}11.27$ years; range, 18-62 years) who underwent direct bypass surgery over 6 years. Results : Ischemic complications occurred in 4 of 79 (5.1%) contralateral hemispheres, one with Suzuki stage 3 and three with Suzuki stage 4. Three patients showed posterior cerebral artery (PCA) involvement by moyamoya vessels. Advanced stage of moyamoya disease (Suzuki stages 4/5/6; $p$=0.001), PCA involvement ($p$=0.001) and postoperative hypotension (mean arterial blood pressure <80% of preoperative mean arterial blood pressure) on the first ($p$<0.0001) and second ($p$=0.003) days after surgery were significantly correlated with postoperative contralateral ischemic complications. Conclusion : In patients with advanced moyamoya disease and involvement of the PCA, intentional hypotension can result in ischemic stroke in the hemisphere contralateral to the one operated on. Careful control of perioperative blood pressure is crucial for good surgical results.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.259-273
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• 2016

After realizing through the three large-scale data leakage incidents that intentional or accidental insider jobs are more serious than external intrusions, financial companies in Korea have been taking measures to prevent data leakage from occuring again. But, the IT system architecture reflecting the domestic financial environment is highly complicated and thereby difficult to grasp. It is obvious that despite administrative, physical, and technical controls, insider threats are likely to cause personal data leakage. In this paper, we present a process that based on metadata defines and manages personally identifiable attribute data, and that through inter-table integration identifies personal information broadly and controls access. This process is to decrease the likelihood of violating compliance outlined by the financial supervisory authority, and to reinforce internal controls. We derive and verify a decision-making model that reflects the proposed process.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.16 no.11
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• pp.1084-1094
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• 1991

Upon introducing satellite communication system to korea, one of the important problems to copy with is the effect from the probable intentional interference i. e. jamming. In this paper, we have considered the M any PSK signal and the soft limiter type, which contains hard limiter, nonhnear satellite transponder in environments of uplink tone or noise jamming plus Gaussian noise and downlink Gaussian noise. Using the derived error rate equation, we have evaluated numerically the error performance of BPSK and QPSK system, and shown in figures in terms of upink and downink earner to jamming rater(CJR) and limiting level. From the results we have known that tone jamming effect on the error performance in BPSK and QPSK signals in nonlinear satelhie shnnel become less with increasing the uplink CNR and with decreasing the liniting level. And in a tone jamming, the limiting level affects hardly on the error performance of both BPSK and QPSK signals. When limiting leveri is zero, BPSK and QPSK signals show the best error rate performance.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.708-714
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• 2006

The World Wide Web has become an entrenched global medium for storing and searching information. Most people begin at a Web search engine to find information, but the user's pertinent search results are often greatly diluted by irrelevant data or sometimes appear on target but still mislead the user in an unwanted direction. One of the intentional, sometimes vicious manipulations of Web databases is Web spamming as Google bombing that is based on the PageRank algorithm, one of the most famous Web structuring techniques. In this paper, we regard the Web as a directed labeled graph that Web pages represent nodes and the corresponding hyperlinks edges. In the present work, we define the label of an edge as having a link context and a similarity measure between link context and the target page. With this similarity, we can modify the transition matrix of the PageRank algorithm. A motivating example is investigated in terms of the Singular Value Decomposition with which our algorithm can outperform to filter the Web spamming pages effectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.55 no.4 s.94
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• pp.95-106
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to research the design methods to express jacquard design using CAD. For this study, two design patterns were divided; in addition, each design pattern is applied to two different weaving types, single woven fabric and double well cloths. As a result, 16 samples were produced by applying 4 design methods (warp shrunk as half size design/weft shrunk as half size design - A, warp shrunk as half size design/weft original size design - B, warp original size design/weft shrunk as half size design - C, warp original size design/weft original size design - D) to the two design patterns with the two weaving types. The result of this study can be summarized as follows. 1. The most delicate design method was Method D. However, Method B which took half the time less than Method D was almost as delicate as the Method D on the surface. 2. Method B was judged as a considerably efficient method for time and cost. 3. Method D was considered as most suitable for elaborate parts and delicate lines. However, it was considered uneconomical since it took the longest time. 4. Mettled A took 2.5 times less time than Method D. Therefore, Method A was more applicable to producing high density design. 5. Method C is not considered as a useful method as it showed rough surface and took long time by applying high design zoom except intentional design.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.321-323
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• 2013

100 nm thick Ga doped ZnO (GZO) thin films were deposited with DC and RF magnetron sputtering at room temperature on glass substrate and Al coated glass substrate, respectively. and the effect of the Al underlayer on the optical and electrical properties of the GZO films was investigated. As-deposited GZO single layer films had an optical transmittance of 80% in the visible wavelength region, and sheet resistance of 1,516 ${\Omega}/{\Box}$, while the optical and electrical properties of GZO/Al bi-layered films were influenced by the thickness of the Al buffer layer. GZO films with 2 nm thick Al film show a lower sheet resistance of 990 ${\Omega}/{\Box}$, and an optical transmittance of 78%. Based on the figure of merit (FOM), it can be concluded that the thin Al buffer layer effectively increases the performance of GZO films as a transparent and conducting electrode without intentional substrate heating or a post deposition annealing process.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2017

This study was conducted by the awareness that although interior spaces using the techniques and characteristics of assemblage are excellent means to reveal distinctiveness and identity with preeminent originality which are different from other spaces, there are few domestic studies and literatures on them. The results analyzed by preceding studies and cases on the characteristics of expression of assemblage which appear in the interior spaces of commercial areas can be summarized as follows; First, assemblage expresses identity of spaces with symbols capable of multiple interpretations through the method of integration and repetition of the materials used. Second, it strongly reminds visitors of memories on spaces by producing odd and unfamiliar scenes with such designs as installation art. Third, when it uses ordinary materials, it adds combination, integration, transformation or colors to the materials for extraordinary traits. Fourth, it pursues sustainability through recycling or upcycling by using wastes or natural materials. Fifth, in order to express materials to fit the purposes of spaces, it formulates outcomes with intentional plans. To sum up above analysis results, expressions of assemblage which appear in modern commercial spaces are characterized by expression of symbols with multiple meanings, purse formativeness which fit the purposes and meanings of spaces, play the role of reminding memories on places by producing extraordinary spaces with strangeness and unfamiliarity such as installation art and sometimes show sustainability by using recyclable materials. The results of this study are expected to be utilized as reference materials which suggest directions of approach to interior spaces through assemblage techniques and materials which can be used in various design terms by domestic designers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.233-248
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• 2002

Purpose : Sexual abuse especially in younger group have been growing. This study was performed to propose the fundamental data for developing early education program to prevent damage from sexual harassment in elementary school students. Method : Questionnaire survey on cognitions and experiences about sexual harassment was done on 3125 elementary school students from seven elementary schools in Busan area from January to March, 2002. Data analysis was done with SPSS (ver 10.0). Results : Though 82% of the students have ever herd about sexual harassment previously, but self assessment of 'well-known' was only 5%. About 40% of them have ever experienced audio-visual sexual materials mainly through PC (18%), media (14%), etc. And, 60% of them have ever educated about sexual harassment. In cognitions, they agreed 'unwanted touch', 'intentional showing his (her) own body', 'send lewd mails and pictures', but disagreed 'ask massage from aged', 'gaudy joke' as one of sexual harassment. In attitudes, 'no response', 'defense with friends and family', 'express unpleasantness apparently' were desirable pattern, instead, 'his (her) own responsibility', 'problem only between person concerned', 'neglect is the best way' were undesirable. About 24% of them have ever experienced at least one of the fifteen types of sexual harassment with major types of lewd mails pictures (11%), hugging (5%), ask massage (4.7%) and unwanted touch (3.3%). The experience by gender was higher in girls (25.0%) than boys (22.4%) with no statistical significance. The mean level of cognition and attitude out of one hundred was $70.3{\pm}28.1$ and $73.5{\pm}15.9$, respectively. The mean frequency of experience was $0.4{\pm}1.1$ times. The level of cognition and attitude was higher in girls, 6th graders, and in ever educated group (p<0.001). Conclusions : The cognition level of elementary school students about sexual harassment assessed considerable. And, they also experienced several types of sexual harassment, though not too much. Therefore, compatible education program let them able to protect themselves from sexual harassment should be developed and applied even in early school age.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.66-79
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• 2014

Unlike other body arts, body painting illuminates the value of art using eco-friendly formative activity and natural environment and highlights the need of eco-friendly activity. However, although body painting has focused on forming right relationship between human beings and nature, there are few researches which are linked with nature art. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to argue the need to study body painting as nature art in connection with natural environment and analyze body painting according to nature art types. The study methods included both theoretical review and empirical review. The theoretical review examined the concept and characteristics of nature art through previous researches and literature and the empirical review looked into the types and works of nature art and applied them to body painting works. The results were as follows. First, an installation type was possible by arranging and attaching certain materials to the body. Second, a physical type was possible by representing body itself as the part of nature. Third, a symbolic type was possible by making body appearance as a some symbol based on artist's idea. Fourth, a sound type was possible by stimulating auditory hallucination using the nature of objects and sensing a sound. Fifth, an ecological type was possible by conveying the message of living things in nature to the body. Sixth, an interior type was possible by inducing indoor installation of works. Seventh, a poetic type was possible by making one feel a poetic inspiration expressed in nature using the mystery of the sea and a simple sequential pattern of floral leaves. Eighth, a drawing type was possible by adding artist's intentional hand with a pictorical technique. Ninth, a indigenous type was possible by reproducing South American indian's primitive style. The review of this study suggests that body painting works have been expressed in experimental and temporary arrangement like nature art in nature and can be applied according to nine types of nature art.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Heat Treatment
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.29-33
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• 2010

Titanium nitride (TiN) films were deposited on the polycarbonate substrate by using radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering without intentional substrate heating. After deposition, the films were bombarded with intense electron beam for 20 minutes. The intense electron irradiation impacts on the crystalline, hardness and surface roughness of the TiN films. The films irradiated with an electron beam of 300 eV show the small grains on the surface, while as deposited TiN films did not showany grains on the surface. Also the surface harness evaluated with micro indenter was increased up to 18 Gpa at electron energy of 900 eV after electron beam irradiation. In addition, surface root mean square (RMS) roughness of the films irradiated with intense electron beam affected strongly. The films irradiated by electron beam with 900 eV have the lowest roughness of 1.2 nm in this study.