• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.504-513
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• 2021

Different physical processes, according to the atmospheric boundary layer types, were used in the Local Data Assimilation and Prediction System (LDAPS) of the Unified Model (UM) used by the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). Therefore, it is important to verify the atmospheric boundary layer types in the numerical model to improve the accuracy of the models performance. In this study, the atmospheric boundary layer types were verified using observational data. To classify the atmospheric boundary layer types, summer intensive observation data from radiosonde, flux observation instruments, Doppler wind Light Detection and Ranging(LIDAR) and ceilometer were used. A total number of 201 observation data points were analyzed over the course 61 days from June 18 to August 17, 2019. The most frequent types of differences between LDAPS and observed data were type 1 in LDAPS and type 2 in observed(each 53 times). And type 3 difference was observed in LDAPS and type 5 and 6 were observed 24 and 15 times, respectively. It was because of the simulation performance of the Cloud Physics such as that associated with the simulation of decoupled stratocumulus and cumulus cloud. Therefore, to improve the numerical model, cloud physics aspects should be considered in the atmospheric boundary layer type classification.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.125-152
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences of perceptions of teachers and students regarding teaching skills. For the analysis, data was collected by ICALT(International Comparative Analysis of Learning and Teaching) class observation tool and students survey called My Teacher Questionnaire. a student survey. The data of teachers and students can be compared because as the two tools have seven common domains(Safe and stimulating learning climate, Efficient organization, Clear and structured instructions, Intensive and activating teaching, Adjusting instructions and learner processing to inter-learner differences, Teaching learning strategies, Learner engagement). In 2016, in Daejeon, Chungbuk and Chungnam. trained teachers collected data from 106 classes, and 2,866 students responded the survey. The reliability and validity of the two tools, class observation and MTQ(My Teacher Questionnaire) are proven to be satisfactory for use in Korean schools. Students perception on teaching was high, particularly when students are in lower grades and learning major subjects like English, Korean, and math. The domain of higher teaching skills, male students show higher perceptions while female students reported higher perceptions on lower-level teaching skill domains. To compare the perceptions of teachers and students, the predictive reliability of students engagement against teaching skill domains was used. Teachers showed higher predictive reliability on lower teaching skill domains while students showed higher predictive reliability on higher teaching skill domains. It is recommended for further study to develop a professional development model using a teacher class observation tool and the My Teacher Questionnaire for pre-service teachers and school teachers.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.52.2-52.2
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• 2015

SgrA* located in the center of the Milky Way is of great interest to understand the physics of supermassive black hole(SMBH) and the interaction of the G2 cloud around SgrA* with the accretion flow which was expected since 2013. In order to seize this rare opportunity, KVN and VERA Array (so called, KaVA) has started an intensive monitoring program of SgrA* at 22/43 GHz where scatter broadening is reduced compared to lower frequency VLBI observations. We present the results of KaVA SgrA* observation together with Takahagi (32m) and Yamaguchi (32m) telescopes at 22 GHz on March 24, 2013. We have tested both a standard amplitude calibration methods using the Tsys and antenna gain information and a template amplitude calibration method which uses a peak of H2O maser line of nearby maser source (SgrB2), and found that the latter method is useful when an accuracy of Tsys measurement or antenna gain of a telescope is poor. In our comparison, the difference between the two methods is around 20% (~5% for the KVN and ~15% for the VERA when the elevation is above $20^{\circ}$). We also imaged SgrA* with a total flux of ~0.7 Jy at 22GHz, and fitted an elliptical Gaussian model which has a size of ~2.5mas for major axis and ~1.7mas for minor axis, respectively.

• Atmosphere
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.321-329
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• 2013

This study examines the effect of aerosols on the vertical invigoration of continental stratiform clouds, using a dataset of Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Intensive Operational Period (IOP, March 2000) at the Southern Great Plains (SGP) site. To provide further support to our observation-based findings, the weather research and forecasting (WRF) sensitivity simulations with changing cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations have been carried out for the golden episode over SGP. First, cross correlation between observed aerosol scattering coefficient and cloud liquid water path (LWP) with a 160-minutes lag is the highest of r = 0.83 for the selected episode, which may be attributable to cloud vertical invigoration induced by an increase in aerosol loading. Modeled cloud fractions in a control run are well matched with the observation in the perspective of cloud morphology and lasting period. It is also found through a simple sensitivity with a change in CCN that aerosol invigoration (AIV) effect on stratiform cloud organization is attributable to a change in the cloud microphysics as well as dynamics such as the corresponding modification of cloud number concentrations, drop size, and latent heating rate, etc. This study suggests a possible cloud vertical invigoration even in the continental stratiform clouds due to aerosol enhancement in spite of a limited analysis based on a few observed continental cloud cases.

• Atmosphere
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.265-273
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• 2013

To investigate properties of cloud and rainfall occurred at Boseong on 10 July 2012, Raindrop Size distributions (RSDs) and other parameters were analyzed using observation data collected by Micro Rain Radar (MRR) and PARticle SIze and VELocity (PARSIVEL) disdrometer located in the National center for intensive observation of severe weather at Boseong in the southwest of the Korean peninsula. In addition, time series of RSD parameters, relationship between reflectivity-rain rate, and vertical variation of rain rates-fall velocities below melting layer were examined. As a result, good agreements were found in the reflectivity-rain rate time series as well as their power relationships between MRR and PARSIVEL disdrometer. The rain rate was proportional to reflectivity, mean diameter, and inversely proportional to shape (${\mu}$), slope (${\Lambda}$), intercept ($N_0$) parameter of RSD. In comparison of the RSD, as rain rate was increased, the slope of RSD became less steep and the mean diameter became larger. Also, it was verified that reflectivities are classified in three categories (Category 1: Z (reflectivity) > 40 dBZ, Category 2: 30 dBZ < Z < 40 dBZ, Category 3: Z < 30 dBZ). As reflectivity was increased, rain rate was intensified and larger raindrops were existed, while reflectivity was decreased, shape (${\mu}$), slope (${\Lambda}$), intercept ($N_0$) parameter of RSD were increased. We expected that these results will lead to better understanding of microphysical process in convective rainfall system occurred during short-term period over Korean peninsula.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2008

Purpose: Surveys on poisoning usually involves intoxication rather than inhalation, skin contact, etc. Therefore, we examined the characteristics of patients who visited the emergency department in an industrial complex after acute industrial exposure to toxic materials. Methods: Medical records of patients exposed to toxic materials in the work places from April, 2006, to March, 2008, were analyzed retrospectively. Inhalation patients due to fire were excluded. Results: Subjects included 66 patients, with a mean age of $35.4{\pm}10.9$ years, mostly men (91%). Toxicity occurred in 51 patients (77%) by contact, 15 patients (23%) by inhalation, and none by oral ingestion. For toxic materials, 10 patients were exposed to hydrofluoric acid, 8 to hydrochloric acid, 7 to sodium hydroxide, 7 to metals, and others. The face and hands were the most frequent exposure site by contact. Most exposures were caused by accidents, with 29 cases (42%) exposed because of carelessness or not wearing protective equipment. Most complaints were pain on exposure site, but 7 of the inhalation patients complained of dyspnea. The majority of patients with contact exposure were discharged after wound care or observation. After inhalation exposure, 1 patient died and 5 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit. Conclusion: Major causes of workplace exposure were not wearing protective equipment or carelessness. Although contact exposures are usually benign, cautious observation and management are required in patients with inhalation exposure.

• Journal of Coastal Disaster Prevention
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• v.4 no.spc
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• pp.245-253
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• 2017

In this study, surface currents measured by small lagrangian GPS drifters (Aquadrifter) in Anmok coastal waters were analysed to account for the variability of nearshore surface current and wave-induced current to understand sediment transport mechanism near the crescentic bars in the surf-zone and near Kangneung breakwater and submerged breakwater in Anmok. The 8 times lagrangian drifter experiments were conducted mostly during in 2nd, 3rd, 4th intensive measurements in winter, summer, and spring seasons with long-term wave observation at the station W1. The analysed surface currents near the breakwaters in Anmok show that wave-induced currents at the middle of the submerged breakwater were separated and flowed toward the shoreline but offshore currents were dominant through the channels between the breakwaters. The longshore currents near the shoreline were flowed to the northwest (southeast) depending on the incoming waves from ENE (NNE). The surface nearshore offshore currents were generated mostly by waves and winds in case of high and low wave energy environments. Using the small-size lagrangian surface drifter experiments, we successfully measured longshore and offshore wave-induced currents in the surf-zone and near submerged breakwater close to Kangneung breakwater. The drifter experiment results show the availability of direct observation of nearshore surface currents to understand the mechanism of sediment transport analysing observed wave-induced current and ebb-current in the surf-zone generated by incoming waves and local winds.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.53.4-54
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• 2021

Although the era of very large telescopes has come, small telescopes still have advantages for fast follow-up and long-term monitoring observation. Intensive monitoring survey of nearby galaxies (IMSNG) aims to understand the nature of the supernovae (SNe) by catching the early light curve from them with the network of small telescopes from 0.4-m to 1.0-m all around the world. To achieve the scientific goals with heterogeneous facilities, three factors are important. First, automatic processes as soon as data is uploaded will increase efficiency and shorten the time. Second, searching for transients is necessary to deal with newly emerged transients for fast follow-up observation. Finally, the Integrated process for different telescopes gives a homogeneous output, which will eventually make connections with the database easy. Here, we introduce the integrated pipeline, 'gppy' based on Python, for more than 10 facilities having various configurations and its performance. Processes consist of image pre-process, photometry, image align, image combine, photometry, and transient search. In the connected database, homogeneous output is summarized and analyzed additionally to filter transient candidates with light curves. This talk will suggest the future work to improve the performance and usability on the other projects, gravitational wave electromagnetic wave counterpart in Korea Observatory (GECKO), and small telescope network of Korea (SOMANGNET).

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.521-530
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• 2020

Purpose: Malnutrition is a common feature in critically ill children. Enteral nutrition (EN) is the main strategy to nutritionally support critical ill children, but its use can be hindered by the development of intolerance. The study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of amoxicillin/clavulanate (A/C) to treat EN intolerance. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated patients admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit from October 2018 to October 2019. We conducted a case-control study: in the first 6 months (October 2018-April 2019) we implemented the nutritional protocol of our Institution with no drug, whereas in the second half (May 2019-October 2019) we employed A/C for 1 week at a dose of 10 mg/kg twice daily. Results: Twelve cases were compared with 12 controls. At the final evaluation, enteral intake was significantly higher than that at baseline in the cases (from 2.1±3.7 to 66.1±27.4% of requirement, p=0.0001 by Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test) but not in the controls (from 0.2±0.8 to 6.0±14.1% of the requirement, p=NS). Final gastric residual volume at the end of the observation was significantly lower in the cases than in the controls (p=0.0398). The drug was well tolerated as shown by the similar safety outcomes in both cases and controls. Conclusion: Malnutrition exposes critically ill children to several complications that affect the severity of disease course, length of stay, and mortality; all may be prevented by early EN. The development of intolerance to EN could be addressed with the use of A/C. Future prospective clinical trials are needed to confirm these conclusions.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1039-1045
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• 2011

The effects of duration and time-dependent, high-intensity exercise on hematological properties and inflammation-related parameters in rats were studied. 20, 60, and 120 min of high-intensive exercise were performed daily for 8 weeks. None of the complete blood count (CBC) factors were affected by the exercise, except for the leukocyte concentration which, in the 20 min group, showed an increase of 47% compared to the control, but this was decreased after 60 min by 30% compared to the control. As exercise was performed for 60 min or longer, serum concentrations of $Fe^{++}$, unsaturated iron biding capacity (UIBC), and total iron biding capacity (TIBC) were significantly elevated in comparison to the control, where 20 min of exercise did not show any change. Both levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, and interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the serum, were elevated in response to the high-intensity exercise, however the rate of IL-6 increase was higher than the rate of exercise intensity increase, thus the offset of inflammation might be suggested. The concentration of nitric oxide (NO) in the serum became high in response to the exercise. Overall, the current observation suggests that inflammation-like responses to high-intensity exercise might be due to high circulation of blood flow and high oxygen requirement, resulting in systemic damages. However, under the current high-intensity exercise conditions, more than 20 min of exercise might not be suggested for health care purposes.