• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1760-1778
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• 2018

For image segmentation with intensity inhomogeneity, many region-based level set methods have been proposed. Some of them however can't get the relatively ideal segmentation results under the severe intensity inhomogeneity and weak edges, and without use of the image gradient information. To improve that, we propose a new level set method combined with local direction gradient in this paper. Firstly, based on two assumptions on intensity inhomogeneity to images, the relationships between segmentation objects and image gradients to local minimum and maximum around a pixel are presented, from which a new pixel classification method based on weight of Euclidian distance is introduced. Secondly, to implement the model, variational level set method combined with image spatial neighborhood information is used, which enhances the anti-noise capacity of the proposed gradient information based model. Thirdly, a new diffusion process with an edge indicator function is incorporated into the level set function to classify the pixels in homogeneous regions of the same segmentation object, and also to make the proposed method more insensitive to initial contours and stable numerical implementation. To verify our proposed method, different testing images including synthetic images, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and real-world images are introduced. The image segmentation results demonstrate that our method can deal with the relatively severe intensity inhomogeneity and obtain the comparatively ideal segmentation results efficiently.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.149-155
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• 2004

목적: 전립선암의 세기조절 방사선 치료 시, 조직의 밀도보정 여부가 선량분포에 끼치는 영향을 연구한다. 재료 및 방법: 5명의 전립선 암 환자에 대하여 6 MV와 10 MV의 광자선에 대하여 각각 치료계획을 수립하였다. 각각 의 계획에서 7개의 조사선이 설정되었고, 선량계산 시에는 체조직의 밀도의 불균일성을 무시하였다. 선량 처방점인 회전중심점에서의 흡수선량과 계획표적용적(PTV)의 최대선량, 최소선량, 평균선량과 처방점선량의 95% 이상의 받는 부피(V>$_{p95%}$) 등을 측정하였다. 직장과 방광 내에서의 최대선량, 최소선량, 최방선량의 50%, 75%, 90% 이상을 받는 부피를 측정하였다. 동일한 조건에서 조직의 밀도 불균일성을 포함하여 선량분포를 재계산하고, 측정한 모든 물리량을 재 측정하였다. 결과: 밀도보정을 함으로써, 처방점에서의 흡수 선량은 6 MV에서 평균 4.9% 10 MV에서는 평균 4% 감소하였다. V>$_{p95%}$는 6 MV와 10 MV에서 각각 0.8%와 0.9% 감소하였다. PTV의 평균 흡수 선량은 6 MV와 10 MV에서 각각 4.2% 와 3.4% 감소하였다. 직장과 방광에서의 흡수선량은 약 l～2%의 차이를 보였다 결론: 전립선암의 세기변조 방사선치료시에 밀도보정을 무시하는 것은 표적에는 고려할 만한 선량의 차이를 유발하며, 주위의 위험장기에 미치는 영향은 미미하다.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.225-244
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• 2014

In this work, we discuss segmentation algorithms based on the level set method that incorporates shape prior knowledge. Fundamental segmentation models fail to segment desirable objects from a background when the objects are occluded by others or missing parts of their whole. To overcome these difficulties, we incorporate shape prior knowledge into a new segmentation energy that, uses global and local image information to construct the energy functional. This method improves upon other methods found in the literature and segments images with intensity inhomogeneity, even when images have missing or misleading information due to occlusions, noise, or low-contrast. We consider the case when the shape prior is placed exactly at the locations of the desired objects and the case when the shape prior is placed at arbitrary locations. We test our methods on various images and compare them to other existing methods. Experimental results show that our methods are not only accurate and computationally efficient, but faster than existing methods as well.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.51-55
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• 2017

To obtain Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) measurement of membrane protein, an NMR magnet is required to generate high intensity, homogeneity, and stability of field. A High-Temperature Superconducting (HTS) magnet is a promising alternative to a conventional Low-Temperature Superconducting (LTS) NMR magnet for high field, current density, and stability margin. Conventionally, an HTS coil has been wound by several winding techniques such as Single-Pancake (SP), Double-Pancake (DP), and layer-wound. The DP winding technique has been frequently used for a large magnet because long HTS wire is generally difficult to manufacture, and maintenance of magnet is convenient. However, magnetic field generated by the slanted turns and the splice leads to field inhomogeneity in Diameter of Spherical Volume (DSV). The field inhomogeneity degrades performance of NMR spectrometer and thus effect of the slanted turns and the splice should be analyzed. In this paper, field gradient of HTS double-pancake coils considering the slanted turns and the splice was calculated using Biot-Savart law and numerical integration. The calculation results showed that magnetic field produced by the slanted turns and the splice caused significant inhomogeneity of field.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권8호
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• pp.1120-1132
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• 2003

A problem of a circular elastic inhomogeneity interacting with a crack under uniform loadings (mechanical tension and heat flux at infinity) is solved. The singular. integral equations for edge and temperature dislocation distribution functions are constructed and solved numeric-ally, to obtain the stress intensity factors. The effects of the material property ratio on the stress intensity factor (SIF) are investigated. The computed SIFs are used to predict the kink angle of the crack when the crack grows.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2010

본 연구는 T2고속스핀에코 3.0T 자기공명영상에서 지방조직 소거기법인 SPAIR와 STIR기법의 임상적 유용성에 관한 비교연구를 시행하였다. SPAIR와 STIR 프로토콜을 사용하여 뇌의 축방향 영상(20개), 요추의 시상단면영상(20개), 고관절의 관상단면영상(17개), 무릎관절의 축방향 영상(25개)을 획득하였다. 검사부위별로 지방억제기법의 지방소거능력과 화질을 파악하기위해 지방조직의 신호강도와 불균일성을 측정하였다. 지방조직에서 불균일치는 측정된 지방 신호의 평균치(mean)에 대한 표준편차(SD)로서 그 산출은 SD/mean으로 계산하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS(Statistical Package for the Social Science) WIN 13.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 뇌 검사는 SPAIR가 STIR보다 지방억제능력과 화질면에서 우수한 결과를 나타냈으며, 둘째, 요추, 고관절, 무릎관절 검사는 지방의 신호억제능력은 STIR가 우수하고, 화질면에서는 SPAIR가 우수한 결과를 나타냈다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권9호
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• pp.4336-4354
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• 2018

Fuzzy C-means (FCM) algorithm is a most usually technique for medical image segmentation. But conventional FCM fails to perform well enough on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data with the noise and intensity inhomogeneity (IIH). In the paper, we propose a Gamma correction conditional FCM algorithm with spatial information (GcsFCM) to solve this problem. Firstly, the pre-processing, Gamma correction, is introduced to enhance the details of images. Secondly, the spatial information is introduced to reduce the effect of noise. Then we introduce the effective neighborhood mechanism into the local space information to improve the robustness for the noise and inhomogeneity. And the mechanism describes the degree of participation in generating local membership values and building clusters. Finally, the adjustment mechanism and the spatial information are combined into the weighted membership function. Experimental results on four image volumes with noise and IIH indicate that the proposed GcsFCM algorithm is more effective and robust to noise and IIH than the FCM, sFCM and csFCM algorithms.

• 전자공학회논문지D
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• 제35D권3호
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• pp.91-97
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• 1998

In a LiNbO$_{3}$ crystal, optical noise is caused by the inhomogeneity of crystal inside if the excess energy is incident on the crystal. In this paper, we experiemnt the influence of optical noise when it is applied for beam diffraction and optical information storage. And it is proposed the energy threshold level which is not affected by optical noise in Fe-LiNbO$_{3}$ crystal(0.02Wt.% doped, 10mm*10mm*10mm). The optical noise of crystal weremeasured as a function of the incident beam intensity(10mw, 5mw, 1mw, 0.5mw), direction in incident(orthogonal, left rotation, right rotation) and wavelength(514.5nm, 632.8nm).

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 1998년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집 Proceedings of EESK Conference-Spring 1998
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• pp.210-221
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• 1998

In the period from the year 1500 to 1980. at least 14 large earthquake with epicenters in the northeastern China and Yellow Sea were felt or destructive in the Korean Peninsula. The most sigmificant events among them were the 1668 July 25 Tancheng earthquake of mamnitude 8.5, and the 1975 Feb. 4 Haicheng earthquake of magnitude 7.3. The Haicheng earthquake of the year 1975 in am extraordinary one among those occurred in the northeastern China in the 20th century in the sense the Shake of the event affected all over the Korean Peninsula. The tremor was felt even at the southeastern tip of the Korea and northern part of Kyushu 700km far away from the epicenter. In order to see the variation and trend of the effect of the Haicheng earthquake on the Korean Peninsula, the two data sets of the northern and southern parts of the peninsula were merged into one combined data set. The spatial variation of intensity shows smooth decrease from the value 4 of the northwestern region near the source to the value 1 of the Cheju Island and Kjushu. However, there are four regions of locally high intensity value. They are the region along downstream of Abrok(Yalu) River with intensity 5, the region around Shinpo of intensity 4, the area comprising Seoul and Chuncheon Cities of intensity 4, and Pohang-Pusan area of intensity 3. We suppose that there might be three types of possible mechanisms. The first one is concerned with the lateral inhomogeneity of velocity in the crust caused by wide distribution of relatively fractured rock. The second one is related with reflections of surface waves caused by the crestal thinning effect at border regions of the Peninsular in contact with the Ulleung Basin and the Japan Basin. The third possibility is local site effect caused by thick Tertiary or Quaternary rocks and soil layers.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.168-177
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• 2015

Purpose: Brain surface intensity model (BSIM)-based cortical thickness analysis does not require complicated 3D segmentation of brain gray/white matters. Instead, this technique uses the local intensity profile to compute cortical thickness. The aim of the present study was to evaluate intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of BSIM-based cortical thickness analysis using images from elderly participants. Materials and Methods: Fifteen healthy elderly participants (ages, 55-84 years) were included in this study. High-resolution 3D T1-spoiled gradient recalled-echo (SPGR) images were obtained using 3T MRI. BSIM-based processing steps included an inhomogeneity correction, intensity normalization, skull stripping, atlas registration, extraction of intensity profiles, and calculation of cortical thickness. Processing steps were automatic, with the exception of semiautomatic skull stripping. Individual cortical thicknesses were compared to a database indicating mean cortical thickness of healthy adults, in order to produce Z-score thinning maps. Intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated in order to evaluate inter-rater and intra-rater reliabilities. Results: ICCs for intra-rater reliability were excellent, ranging from 0.751-0.940 in brain regions except the right occipital, left anterior cingulate, and left and right cerebellum (ICCs = 0.65-0.741). Although ICCs for inter-rater reliability were fair to excellent in most regions, poor inter-rater correlations were observed for the cingulate and occipital regions. Processing time, including manual skull stripping, was $17.07{\pm}3.43min$. Z-score maps for all participants indicated that cortical thicknesses were not significantly different from those in the comparison databases of healthy adults. Conclusion: BSIM-based cortical thickness measurements provide acceptable intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. We therefore suggest BSIM-based cortical thickness analysis as an adjunct clinical tool to detect cortical atrophy.