• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2011

Based on the trend of architectural lighting of residential building, this study is to examine architectural lighting for residential buildings, and deduce the value and significance of architectural lighting by analyzing architectural lighting and characteristics of residential building through the analysis of works according to the types of works and by analyzing discourse relating to works of architectural lighting of residential building. First, architectural lighting for residential buildings can be categorized according to continuity and extensibility, lighting method and lighting factor. Second, architectural lighting of residential building has come into play since 2000 due to diversified activities at home. Third, architectural lighting had been introduced for living room and used in the form of structure or foundation up until early 2000s, but since mid 2000s, it has been used in intellectual and abstract form using various shapes, finishing material or objects. Fourth characteristic is a space of changing functions overcoming limited space, suggesting an alternative space, and using finishing material and object.

• 수면정신생리
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.3-8
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• 1994

With the recent development of sleep medicine, insomnia has been perceived as a disease from a simple symptom. As there are various causes in a disease, proper treatment according to each cause is necessary for a more effective treatment In general, insomnia is classified into five categrories of physical, physiological, psychological, psychiatric and pharmacological aspects. However, such categorizations are often insufficient in treating insomnia. Furthermore understanding of the developmental mechanisms of insomnia is required. The function of sleep is developed and maintained through the balance of the reciprocal forces of sleep and arousal. These forces are contantly regulated by what is called a circadian rhythm. Sleep is induced by this rhythm which is affected by factors such as awakening time in the morning, amount of intellectual function, amount and time length of physical exercise and sunlight Insomnia could develop when this rhythm is delayed and leads to a "forbidden zone" which is a very difficult period for inducing sleep about two to four hours before the routine bedtime. Whereas sleep gradually develops in line with the circardian rhythm, arousal can occur very abruptly by any cause triggered by emotional discomfort or anxiety. Such characteristic and emotional factors as perfectionism, separation anxiety, secondary gain, insecurity, and negative cognition may provoke the inner anxiety and fear for insomnia, which can lead acute insomnia to a chronic one. As chronic insomnia is developed by multiple causes and factors, integrated approaches through analysis of above mentioned factors will be more effective in the treatment of insomnia than a simple administration of hypnotics.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.89-110
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• 2012

This study was intended to efficiently perform the probabilistic optimal safety assessment of steel cable-stayed bridges (SCS bridges) using stochastic finite element analysis (SFEA) and expected life-cycle cost (LCC) concept. To that end, advanced probabilistic finite element algorithm (APFEA) which enables to execute the static and dynamic SFEA considering aleatory uncertainties contained in random variable was developed. APFEA is the useful analytical means enabling to conduct the reliability assessment (RA) in a systematic way by considering the result of SFEA based on linearity and nonlinearity of before or after introducing initial tensile force. The appropriateness of APFEA was verified in such a way of comparing the result of SFEA and that of Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS). The probabilistic method was set taking into account of analytical parameters. The dynamic response characteristic by probabilistic method was evaluated using ASFEA, and RA was carried out using analysis results, thereby quantitatively calculating the probabilistic safety. The optimal design was determined based on the expected LCC according to the results of SFEA and RA of alternative designs. Moreover, given the potential epistemic uncertainty contained in safety index, failure probability and minimum LCC, the sensitivity analysis was conducted and as a result, a critical distribution phase was illustrated using a cumulative-percentile.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.74-84
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine symbolic meanings of costumes shown by portraits of King Henry VIII and use them as basic data for research on costume design of historical dramas in the Renaissance or on King Henry VIII's costume. This study attempted analysis of symbolic meanings from the paintings-related various domestic and overseas literatures, preliminary study paper, and web sites etc. The symbolic meanings expressed by the portraits of King Henry VIII are characterized by authority, innovation performance, authority, masculinity, innovation performance, artistic taste, intellectual charm, intrepidity and benevolence. Especially, the portraits of King Henry VIII symbolized his masculine beauty by emphasizing sexual attractiveness that cannot be seen in portraits of other kings through broad shoulders and exaggerated codpiece which are the zenith of masculine beauty during the Renaissance age. Through the image of King Henry VIII which was painted with jester or barber surgeons, his characteristic and open mind thinking highly of the technique and human life was also expressed. In the portrait of King Henry VIII, various images set in knights' tournament, playing a musical instrument and reading a book as well as the image of wearing a parliament costume were shown, highlighting King Henry VIII as a person good at both literary and martial arts with open and innovative personality than any other kings in history.

• 한국지능정보시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지능정보시스템학회 2002년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.294-301
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• 2002

우리 나라 중소기업의 지식영영 수준을 비교 평가하기 위하여 150개 업체를 대상으로 설문 조사 하였다. 연구 모형은 1) 지식경영과 기업전략 2) 지식경영 문화와 체계 3) 지식경영을 위한 학습 과정과 공유 4) 지식경영을 위한 정보기술 5) 지식경영 성과측정과 보상에 대하여 평가하였다. 연구 결과로는 기업의 특성에 따라 지식경영 수준 차이가 있다는 것이다. 특히, 우리 나라 기업에서 지식경영을 위한 기업 문화 형성이 미흡하며, 지식경영을 위한 학습과정과 성과과정 및 보상이 다른 영역에 비해 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 우리 나라 기업의 특성을 맞는 지식경영의 평가 개발이 요구된다.

• 지능정보연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.37-49
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• 2002

우리 나라 중소기업의 지식경영 수준을 비교 평가하기 위하여 150개 업체를 대상으로 설문 조사하였다. 연구 모형은 1) 지식경영과 기업전략 2) 지식경영 문화와 체계 3) 지식경영을 위한 학습 과정과 공유 4) 지식경영을 위한 정보기술 5)지식경영 성과측정과 보상에 대하여 평가하였다. 연구 결과로는 기업의 특성에 따라 지식경영 수준 차이가 있다는 것이다. 특히, 우리 나라 기업에서 지식경영을 위한 기업 문화 형성이 미흡하며, 지식경영을 위한 학습 과정과 성과측정 및 보상이 다른 영역에 비해 상대적으로 낮게 나타났다. 우리 나라 기업의 특성을 맞는 지식경영의 평가 개발이 요구된다.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.51-54
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• 2011

Wolff-Hirschorn syndrome is a condition that is caused by a deletion of genetic material near the end of the short (p) arm of chromosome 4. The major features of this disorder include a characteristic facial appearance, delayed growth and development, intellectual disability, and seizures. A 9-year-old girl was brought to the clinic with a chief complaint of dental examination. The child was diagnosed as WHS at Samsung medical center. The child was under Sodium valproate, Atrovastatin medication for epilepsy, hyperlipidemia and had a history of heart surgery. So prophylactic antibiotics were recommended. The child was mentally retarded and had seizure so it was difficult to manage her behavior effectively. Thus dental treatment was carried out under general anesthesia. For prompt sedation induction we used 8% sevoflurane shortly. This report presents the case of a 9-year-old girl with WHS, who has received treatment for extensive caries under general anesthesia.

• 대한유전성대사질환학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.15-20
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• 2022

The most common urea cycle disorder is ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. More than 80 percent of patients with symptomatic ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency are late-onset, which can present various phenotypes from infancy to adulthood. With no regards to the severity of the disease, characteristic fluctuating courses due to hyperammonemia may develop unexpectedly, and can be precipitated by various metabolic stressors. Late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency is not merely related to a type of genetic variation, but also to the complex relationship between genetic and environmental factors that result in hyperammonemia; therefore, it is difficult to predict the prevalence of neurological symptoms in late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. Most common acute neurological manifestations include psychological changes, seizures, cerebral edema, and death; subacute neurological manifestations include developmental delays, learning disabilities, intellectual disabilities, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, executive function deficits, and emotional and behavioral problems. This review aims to increase awareness of late-onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, allowing for an efficient use of biochemical and genetic tests available for diagnosis, ultimately leading to earlier treatment of patients.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.141-189
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• 2014

As urbanization and its consequences become the issue of modern cities, the concept of Smart City comes as the solution. Though a lot of researches on the topic is done, still no clear definition is given for both: Smart City itself and the factors of a successful Smart City. While most of the literature centers the role of ICT it is not a sufficient condition for a city to become Smart; the role of intellectual capital is underestimated. Using a collection of Smart City definitions across the time and providing concrete cases, this research seeks to bridge definition gaps and creates a tool for understanding Smart Cities. Drawing on the findings of several case studies, this research derives several explanatory factors. The citizen's engagement and governance are identified as the two key success factors of Smart City Projects along with ICT and other factors as enablers. The research has purpose as follows: 1) To bridge definition gaps of the "Smart City" by defining the term "Smart City," based on existing concepts and characteristic mechanisms across times.; 2) To develop an analytical tool for Smart City success factors through Explanatory Variables.; and 3) To identify major challenges and barriers of Smart City Projects implementations and to provide recommendations and solutions, based on existing governmental initiatives and pilot projects. The research contributes to the knowledge of smart cities and ICT integration for urbanization issues solution. By applying the findings of this research at the managerial level stakeholders may benefit by getting higher efficiency of the Smart City Projects and by utilizing knowledge and values of a Smart City Projects in a prioritized way.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.383-404
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• 1999

This study began with an epistemological question about the nature of mathematical cognition in relation to the learner's activity. Therefore, by examining Piaget's 'reflective abstraction' theory which can be an answer to the question, we tried to get suggestions which can be given to the mathematical education in practice. 'Reflective abstraction' is formed through the coordination of the epistmmic subject's action while 'empirical abstraction' is formed by the characters of observable concrete object. The reason Piaget distinguished these two kinds of abstraction is that the foundation for the peculiar objectivity and inevitability can be taken from the coordination of the action which is shared by all the epistemic subjects. Moreover, because the mechanism of reflective abstraction, unlike empirical abstraction, does not construct a new operation by simply changing the result of the previous construction, but is forming re-construction which includes the structure previously constructed as a special case, the system which is developed by this mechanism is able to have reasonability constantly. The mechanism of the re-construction of the intellectual system through the reflective abstraction can be explained as continuous spiral alternance between the two complementary processes, 'reflechissement' and 'reflexion'; reflechissement is that the action moves to the higher level through the process of 'int riorisation' and 'thematisation'; reflexion is a process of 'equilibration'between the assimilation and the accomodation of the unbalance caused by the movement of the level. The operational learning principle of the theorists like Aebli who intended to embody Piaget's operational constructivism, attempts to explain the construction of the operation through 'internalization' of the action, but does not sufficiently emphasize the integration of the structure through the 'coordination' of the action and the ensuing discontinuous evolvement of learning level. Thus, based on the examination on the essential characteristic of the reflective abstraction and the mechanism, this study presents the principles of teaching and learning as following; $\circled1$ the principle of the operational interpretation of knowledge, $\circled2$ the principle of the structural interpretation of the operation, $\circled3$ the principle of int riorisation, $\circled4$ the principle of th matisation, $\circled5$ the principle of coordination, reflexion, and integration, $\circled6$ the principle of the discontinuous evolvement of learning level.