• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2020

환경부 산하 물관리 기관들은 주요 하천을 대상으로 양질의 기초 자료를 생산 및 축적하고 있다. 하지만 농경지를 많이 포함한 유역에서는 농업용수의 취수와 배수 등 인공적인 물의 순환 과정이 정량적으로 조사되지 못하고 있어 하천 수량의 통합적인 관리가 부진한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 농업용수를 목적으로 하천변에서 취수되는 유량의 조사를 위해 사용되는 간접 유량 계측방법 중 가동시간에 따른 전력량법(가동시간법)을 적용 및 개선하여 저비용으로 높은 신뢰도의 결과자료를 얻을 수 있는 방법에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 가동시간법은 실시간 전력량 자료의 확보가 어려운 소규모 양수장에 적용하기 적합하다. 실측 유량과의 상관성 분석을 통해 자료의 신뢰성을 검증한 결과, 양수장의 흡입구가 연결된 하천의 수위를 반영하여 가동시간법으로 산정한 유량은 실측 유량과 상당히 일치하는 결과를 얻을 수 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 최초 설비 설치시에 대한 투자 비용을 직접 유량 계측방법들과의 비교를 통해 저비용으로 양질의 유량자료를 생성하여 높은 효율성을 가지는 것으로 확인하였다. 가동시간법을 하천변에 위치한 크고 작은 양수장에 적용하여 유량 자료를 확보한다면, 보다 정량적이고 통합적인 하천수 관리의 시행에 있어 많은 영향을 미칠 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.475-482
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• 2011

본 연구에서는 2008년도 국민건강영양조사 자료를 분석하여 우리나라에서 가장 많이 소비되는 상위 7종류의 과채류 주스(사과, 포도, 감귤, 오렌지, 석류, 파인애플, 토마토)를 선정하고, 이 주스들의 총페놀, 총플라보노이드 및 항산화능 함량을 정량 분석하였다. 2008년에 실시한 국민건강영양조사의 자료 분석을 통해 오렌지 주스(6.31 g/capita/day), 포도 주스(2.28 g/capita/day), 토마토 주스(1.50 g/capita/day), 감귤 주스(1.23 g/capita/day), 사과 주스(1.05 g/capita/day), 석류 주스(0.17 g/capita/day), 파인애플 주스(0.05 g/capita/day) 등 7가지 과채류 주스의 하루 일인당 주스 소모량을 산출하였다. 총 7종류의 과채류 주스의 섭취를 통해서 얻어진 일인당 하루 섭취량의 경우, 총페놀 섭취량은 11.70 mg GAE/capita/day, 총플라보노이드 섭취량은 1.65 mg CE/capita/day, 그리고 항산화능은 10.42 mg VCE/capita/day(DPPH 분석법)와 13.21 mg VCE/capita/day(ABTS 분석법)였다. 일인당 하루 총페놀 섭취량, 총플라보노이드 섭취량 및 항산화능 섭취량 추정은 과채류 주스의 페놀성 화학물질 등의 생리활성성분의 농도뿐만 아니라 일인당 하루 과채류 주스 소모량에도 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제46권12호
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• pp.1169-1180
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 복하천 중상류 유역에 대해 준분포형 유역수문모형 SWAT-K를 적용하여 자연유량을 산정하고, 하천유량 변화를 야기하는 지하수 양수량, 하천수 취수량, 하수처리수 방류량 등의 인위적인 요인으로 인한 영향을 평가하였다. 2006년부터 2013년까지의 자연상태의 하천유량을 모의한 결과 최저유량은 $1.7m^3/s$, 평균유량은 $26.2m^3/s$, 갈수량은 약 $2.0m^3/s$로 산정되었다. 지하수 이용, 하천수 취수, 하수처리수 방류 등 각각의 인위적 요인에 의한 하천유황의 상대적 변화를 분석한 결과, 갈수량은 지하수 양수로 인해 자연상태에 비해 약 34% 감소, 하수처리수 방류와 하천수 취수의 복합 영향으로 인해 약 15% 증가, 지하수 양수, 하수처리수 방류와 하천수 취수의 복합 영향으로 약 19% 만큼 감소하는 것으로 분석되었다. 복하천 본류를 따라 모의된 자연유량 자료를 이용하여 비유량의 거동 특성을 분석한 결과, 중상류 유역에서는 지배면적이 증가할수록 비풍수량, 비평수량, 비저수량, 비갈수량 등의 값이 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 하류부로 내려오면서 지배면적이 약 180 $km^2$ 이상에서부터는 면적과 상관없이 거의 일정한 비유량 값을 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2001

The Keum river has been utilized for drinking water supply of several city including Kunsan city and is deepening pollution state due to numerous municipal and industrial discharges. The concentration BOD in river is affected by the organic loading from a tributary and the algae biomass that largely happen to under eutrophication state. In the eutrophic water mass such as the Keum river, the autochthonous BOD was very important part for making a decision of water quality management, because it was accounted for majority of the total BOD. The predict of water quality has important meaning for management of water quality pollution of the Keum river. The purpose of this study will manage and predict water quality of the Keum river using QUAL-2E model considering the autochthonous BOD. The estimation of autochthonous BOD represented that the relationship between BOD and chlorophyll a. The regression equation was shown to be autochthonous BOD=$\beta$(sub)5$\times$chlorophyll a. The results of this study may be summarized as followed; The QUAL-2E model was calibrated with the data surveyed in the field of the study area in June, 1998. The calculated value by QUAL-2E model are in good agree to measured value within relative error of 7.80~20.33%. Especially, in the case of the considering autochthonous BOD, the calculated value of BOD were fairly good coincided with the observed values within relative error of 15%. But the case of not considering autochthonous BOD, relative error of BOD was shown to be 43.2%. In order to attain II grade of water quality standard in Puyo station which has a intake facility of water supply, we reduced to the pollutants loading of tributaries. In the case of removed 100% BOD of tributaries, the BOD of Puyo station was 4.07mg/$\ell$, belong to III grade of water quality standard. But in the case of removed 88% nutrient of tributaries, it was satisfied to II grade of water quality standard as below 3mg/$\ell$ of BOD. For estimation of autochthonous BOD in Keum river, we are performed simulating in accordance with reduction of nutrient load(50~100%) under conditions removal 90% organic load. Occupancy of autochthonous BOD according to nutrient loading reductions were varied from 25.97~79.51%. Occupancy of autochthonous BOD was shown to be a tendency to increasing in accordance with reduction of nutrient loading. Showing the above results, the nutrient that one of the growing factor of algae was important role in decision of BOD in the Keum river. For the water quality management of the Keum river, therefore, it is necessary to considering autochthonous BOD and to construction of advanced sewage treatment plant for nutrient removal.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.85-98
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• 2008

This study is to enforce to ready basic data of effective dental education program and no smoking and no drinking program for high school students who do smoking and drinking, executed investigation by own recording way using smoking and questionnaire consisted of actual conditions and caries prevention awareness and dental health knowledge degree of drinking to some man high school. Analyzes result that total 487 people respond in SPSS WIN 13.0 programs and got following sequence. Result of this study is as following. 1. Mans high school students had more students who do not than a drinking student and main current received most soju. Third-year student appeared by thing which receive a lot of soju than 1 or 2 class student but different other difference was not seen by class. 2. Mans high school students had more students who do not than a smoking student and a student who smoke more than 3 years was the most. I can know was old since third-year student smokes than 1 or 2 class student. 3. It was not difference that keep in mind by drinking, smoking availability although there were many students who recognize that all of the on-time dental medical examination, sugar intake limitation, fluorine inclusion toothpaste, teeth fluorine application are seldom effective on caries prevention. 4. Recognized that right brushing is effective relatively on caries prevention. I was shown difference that recognized that righter brushing is effective on bad tooth courtesy call than a student who a student who do not smoke does, and keeps in mind according to smoking availability ($x^2$=6.78, p<0.05). 5. I knew best about question of 'A caries may not treat if is painless' among that question ask knowledge for a caries, and appeared by thing which do not know best about question of 'Know that method that supply fluorine in water'. 6. A student who do not drink general dental know-how for a caries was high knowledge degree for a caries than a drunk student but it was no difference that keep in mind by drinking availability. Also, a student who do not smoke by smoking availability was high knowledge degree for a caries than a done student but difference that keep in mind statistically was not seen. 7. It was no difference that keep in mind by drinking availability, but a student who do not smoke by smoking availability was high relation knowledge degree with food and a caries than a smoked student, and I was shown difference that keep in mind according to smoking availability(t=-2.03, p<0.05). 8. Awareness and synthetic estimation degree of knowledge degree a student who do not smoke than a smoked student mouth knowledge degree high, and I was shown difference that keep in mind according to smoking availability(t=-2.03, p<0.05). When see as result such as singularity, family, school, all social institutions may have to help by national business coming and try so that can become national business based on special know-how for development of effective and epoch-making education program as quickly as possible.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권8호
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• pp.1415-1424
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• 2021

Objective: Portable laser methane detectors (LMDs) may be an economical means of estimating CH₄ emissions from ruminants. We validated an LMD-based approach and then used that approach to evaluate CH₄ emissions from indigenous dairy cows in a dryland area of Ethiopia. Methods: First, we validated our LMD-based approach in Simmental crossbred beef cattle (n = 2) housed in respiration chambers and fed either a high- or low-concentrate diet. From the results of the validation, we constructed an estimation equation to determine CH₄ emissions from LMD CH₄ concentrations. Next, we used our validated LMD approach to examine CH₄ emissions in Fogera dairy cows grazed for 8 h/d (GG, n = 4), fed indoors on natural-grassland hay (CG1, n = 4), or fed indoors on Napier-grass (Pennisetum purpureum) hay (CG2, n = 4). All the cows were supplemented with concentrate feed. Results: The exhaled CH₄ concentrations measured by LMD were linearly correlated with the CH₄ emissions determined by infrared-absorption-based gas analyzer (r² = 0.55). The estimation equation used to determine CH₄ emissions (y, mg/min) from LMD CH₄ concentrations (x, ppm m) was y = 0.4259x+38.61. Daily CH₄ emissions of Fogera cows estimated by using the equation did not differ among the three groups; however, a numerically greater milk yield was obtained from the CG2 cows than from the GG cows, suggesting that Napier-grass hay might be better than natural-grassland hay for indoor feeding. The CG1 cows had higher CH₄ emissions per feed intake than the other groups, without significant increases in milk yield and body-weight gain, suggesting that natural-grassland hay cannot be recommended for indoor-fed cows. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the potential of using LMDs to valuate feeding regimens rapidly and economically for dairy cows in areas under financial constraint, while taking CH₄ emissions into consideration.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.429-435
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• 2018

The aim of this study was to provide different levels of dietary protein for optimum growth performance in calves and to investigate the impact on the concentration of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in serum. Female Sahiwal calves (n = 12, body weight (BW) = $40{\pm}4.3kg$ and age = $60{\pm}10days$) were selected and divided into three groups with 4 animals in each group. Three diets of T0, T1 and T2 with 18, 20 and 22% of crude protein levels, respectively, were given to the calves to assess the post-weaning growth performance. Calves fed the T2 diet showed a higher (p < 0.05) dry matter (DM) intake than those fed the T0 and T1 diets. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) for the calves fed the T2 diet was lower (p < 0.05) than those of the calves fed the T0 and T1 diets. The T2 group had the highest BW (p < 0.05) compared with the other groups. The concentration of IGF-1 in serum increased (121.9, 143.3, and 152.9 ng/ml for T0, T1, and T2, respectively) as the crude protein (CP) level increased. Overall, the results of this study suggest that post weaning diets T1 and T2 with 20 and 22% crude protein in Sahiwal female calves had significantly increased the BW and serum IGF-1 concentration. The IGF-1 estimation might be a physiological indicator for growth performance.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.615-622
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 중형 직분식 선박용 엔진의 성능 및 NOx 배출물 예측을 위한 0-D multi-zone 분무 연소 모델이 개발되었다. 모델은 상용 1-D 사이클 해석 프로그램 (Boost)와 연동할 수 있도록 개발되었으며, 흡배기 시스템을 포함한 엔진 전체에 대한 동시 해석이 가능하였다. 연소 모델은 Fortran90 으로 개발되었으며, AVL 에서 제공된 'user defined high pressure cycle (UDHPC) interface'를 통해 Boost 와 연동되었다. 두 가지의 인젝터(8 홀, 10 홀)에 대해 두 가지 부하에서 해석을 수행하였으며, 해석 결과는 실제 엔진의 성능 실험 결과를 잘 추종하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1999

Objectives. Few studies have attempted to explain the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity in Korea Especially the studies on same race with different SES at same time are good for SES influence estimation. The present study highlights the influence of SES of parents on adolescent obesity. The subjects are the same race, but live in different areas, with different SES, Seoul and Yangpung in Korea, and Yanbian in China. Methods. The cross-sectional study was conducted in Mar-Jun 1996. We carried out anthropometry, 24 hour-recall diet survey, self-reported questionnaire about sociodemographic characteristics and physical activity. For SES indicators, we used income and education of parents. Results. The relationship between SES of parents, defined as educational status, and obesity in boys in Korea and China is direct, but not significant. The relationship is inverse and nonsignificant among Korean girls, However, for the Korean girls in severe obesity, the relationship is significant. For the Korean-Chinese girls, there is an inverse relationship between the education level and obesity but a direct relationship between the income level of parents and obesity. For the Korean adolescent, there are a direct association between the SES of parents and the nutrients factors such as energy, protein, and fat intake. The energy expenditure of adolescent has no relationship with SES of parents. Conclusion. Among boys, the higher the SES, the greater the risk of obese. Among girls in Korea and Korean-Chinese, on the other hand, the lower the educational status of parents, the greater the risk of obese.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.641-648
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• 2010

This study attempted to estimate the dietary quality and the food diversity by analyzing the military foodservice menu. To evaluate the dietary quality, an analysis of NAR(Nutrient Adequacy Ratio) and MAR(Mean Adequacy Ratio) were carried out. DDS(Dietary Diversity Score), DVS(Dietary Variety Score) and DMGFV(Dairy Product, Meat, Grain, Fruit, Vegetable group) were used for assessment of food diversity. A Can-pro 3.0 and an excel were used for dietary data analysis and SPSS 12.0 program was used for statistical analysis. The results were as follows. The NAR of the 9 nutrients was above the RDAs and MAR was $1.71{\pm}0.19$. For 19 days(61.3%), DDS was 5 and for 12 days(38.7%), DDS was 4. The average of DDS was $4.6{\pm}0.25$. The Fruit & vegetable groups were not often served compared to other groups and especially fresh fruit were not given enough. The average of DVS and DVSS were $22.48{\pm}0.61$ and $29.26{\pm}0.66$ each. The most frequent food pattern was 'DMGFV=11111' which was served for 19 days(61.3%) and second frequent pattern 'DMGFV=11101' was served for 12 days(38.7%). DDS was significantly associated with Vit. C intake and DVS and DVSS was significantly related to Vit. $B_1$ and Vit. $B_2$ intakes. The MAR was significantly correlated with only DVSS. It could be interpreted that DVSS is a useful parameter for evaluating nutrient intakes as previous studies verified. Based on these findings, it can be said that military foodservice was provided with adequate nutrition and diversity. Menu was well composed of various foods which met the nutrition standards, but should provide more fresh fruits for adequate provision of vitamins and minerals.