• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.7 no.9
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• pp.203-211
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• 1999

The research committee for automobile repairs (RCAR), an international body of insurance research centers, has adopted the typical low speed crash test based on an average damage level in crash accidents to estimate the damageability , repairability and safety. The characteristics of body acceleration and the probability of injury are investigated based on damaged components, accelerations of body and injured dummy to analyze damageability and the driver's safety under low speed crash environment. It is found from the experimental results that the probability of head and thorax injuries are very low comparing to the injury criteria of FMVSS No.208. Furthermore, it is suggested that the deployment of airbag may not be necessary at RCAR low speed frontal crash test.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.385-405
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate liability risk of air cargo carrier and suggests ideas for solving problems which could be happen to air transporters on the future. because of Air transport remains one of the world's fastest growing and most important industries. And important treaties and contracts specifying transporters' responsibility regarding big scale aircraft accidents are such as Warsaw Convention in 1929, Hague Protocol in 1955, Montreal Convention in 1999. The Montreal Convention, formally the Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules for International Carriage, is a treaty adopted by Diplomatic meeting of ICAO member states in 1999. It amended important provisions of the Warsaw Convention's concerning compensation for the victims of air disasters. In conclusion, suggests to the method of air cargo security and cargo legal liability insurance which is for air cargo carrier's risk management.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.99-107
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• 2008

Product liability(PL) is the producer's compensation to customers for damage incurred by product defects. This paper studies on the organizational culture, promotion process, system construction, system level, product safety review, product safety assurance, system operation, and its effectiveness and necessity of recognition for the PL system of small and medium-sized firms in Gangwon-Do province. The results show that the firms have product safety regulations, but the number of firms which its employees understand the regulations is less than the number of firms which do not understand. Also the number of firms which is preparing PL prevention and insurance, and counterplan for accidents seems to be not in large numbers.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.349-352
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• 2015

This paper estimates electrical fire damage cost-effect to analyze electrical safety efficiency by applying a cost-benefit analysis method for analyzing the efficiency of a business public interest. Electrical fire loss statistics data was presented as direct costs and casualties, including deaths due to an electrical fire, this paper adds overhead "Incidental Cost of Accidents to the Employer" by W. H. Heinrich was applied to estimate the cost of economic loss. Also wounded, including the loss of human deaths by referring to the car accident insurance claims costs and human development estimated the losses caused by an electrical fire. And to perform a cost-benefit analysis of the electrical safety as a result of future work. In this paper, the economic effect of the electric field of safety and public interest work to systematically presented.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.14-19
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• 2017

The mortality rate of car-pedestrian accidents is quite high compared to the frequency of accident. Recently, governments and insurance companies tend to establish and implement new safety standards for pedestrian protection such as EURO-NCAP and K-NCAP. The performance for the pedestrian protection has been gradually improved, but it is still insufficient. Therefore, various studies for the pedestrian protection are being carried out. The car-pedestrian accident is simulated in order to study to the upper legform test of the EURO-NCAP protocol. A pedestrian dummy model is employed and the results are discussed.

• Journal of Applied Reliability
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.99-112
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• 2002

Risk financing is defined as the methods applied to fund risk treatment and the financial consequences of risk. It is a major component of the transfer of risk and the retention of risk which are, in turn, parts of the risk treatment process. This study applied the general guidelines on risk financing to product liability risk. Product liability risk occurs when potential defects in the process of design, production, and distribution lead to accidents resulting in fatal, financial, and environmental loss. Risk on product liability may be financed in many different ways, each of which may be used singularly or in combination. The most popular and recommendable way suggested in the guidelines is the retention or use of reserves, transfer, credit or insurance.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 2006

According to the available data, in these days, the number of medical accidents and disputes have significantly increased since 1990 in Korea. From this aspect, a variety of approaches and efforts to solve these problems is needed before it is too late. This study intended to identify the thoughts of patients who are directly connected with medical accidents and disputes and then to consider reasonable settlement methods of the increasing disputes. For achieving the purpose of this study, the self-administerd questionnaire was conducted with 450 out-patients who visited three university hospitals, five small and medium-sized hospitals, and ten clinics in Seoul from June 13 to 17, 2005. Incomplete questionnaires were omitted and 410 respondents(91%) were included for the analysis of this study. Each section of the survey was composed of six categories such as the recognition of malpractice, a compensation system about no-fault medical accidents, the recognition of the judgement of medical accidents in court, reasonable settlement of medical accidents, reasons of lawsuit, and the need of the medical dispute settlement organization. The major results of this study were as follows. First, more than half of the respondents, 51.9 percent, worry about malpractice. And many respondents think malpractice causes their symptoms to persist or become worse, and also some respondents think that the doctor's prescription changed too frequently. Second, as for a compensation system about no-fault medical accident, 55.7 percent of the respondents insist that a proper compensation for suffering patients or their families should be provided. And also as for the responsibility of compensation, respondents think joint compensation of both the medical institution and the government is needed foremost, followed by the medical insurance company and finally by the medical institution. The government as well as the related institutions should take responsibility for malpractice accidents for which the doctor is not responsible. Third, as for the acknowledgment of medical accident judgements by the court, 32.8 percent of respondents think that it is best to compromise with a medical institution, followed by lawsuit(26.2%), the assistance of civil organization(23.2%), and a powerful physical protest(7.6%). Fourth, as for the lawsuit of medical accidents, 62.9 percent of respondents think that patients and their families would be in a disadvantageous position in relation to medical institutions and doctors mentioning the lack of professional medical and lawful knowledge, experience and know-how as the reason. So many people have given up appeals owing to the difficulties involved in defending themselves through evidence. Fifth, about a half share of the respondents indicated that the medical institution's neglect of the responsibility of medical accidents is one of the most important reasons of lawsuit. And next respondents mentioned the lack of the medical dispute settlement organization and a general distrust of medical institutions and doctors. Sixth, a majority of respondents consented to the introduction of the need of the medical dispute settlement organization, And about a half of the respondents mentioned a readiness to accept the mediation of the organization, but the rest did not express a clear opinion. It seems that conflict among the parties concerned have existed in relation to the medical dispute settlement organization and related legislation for many years. But as this study has shown, the needs of the medical dispute settlement organization is in desperate demand. Therefore, more negotiation efforts from all interest groups should be considered for the birth of the medical dispute settlement organization and related legislation.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.97-104
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• 2016

In Korea, the number of crash accident victims per 100,000 population is three times higher than the average of OECD. In particular, 60% of it occurs on the community road. Thus, this study intends to analyze the causes of such accidents through a pedestrian and vehicle traffic survey. The purpose is to establish practical safety enhancement measures for community roads. In recent years, lots of changes have occurred in the pedestrian environment. A traffic survey shows that 65% of pedestrians walk on the right and 17% of people use smart-phones while walking. An eye camera experiment shows that the operation load of drivers on the community roads is more than 4 times higher than those in urban roads. According to a speed survey, 62% of vehicles drive at 30km/h or above. The characteristics of accidents on community roads are as follows. First, the ratio of accidents on the edge of the road is 2.3 times as high as those on other roads. Second, when people walk on the right, the ratio of accidents is 2.5 times as high as that of walking on the left. Third, it becomes more dangerous when people cross the road from the right to the left. The majority of accidents is caused by unsafe driving (84.4%). When a vehicle makes a left turn, the likelihood of accidents is 2.3 times as high as those caused by a right turn. The ratio of accidents caused by vehicles going backwards is 14% among all accidents. In community roads, the focus of drivers should be at least 4 times higher than those on urban roads. Thus, walking in the opposite direction of vehicles and careless behaviors are highly likely lead to accidents.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.41-53
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• 2018

Objectives : It was to classify and its affecting factors to the patients of Korean medicine hospital with short term and long term hospitalization. Methods : I focused on long-term hospitalized patients. I was conducted on 344 hospitalized patients among the original data of usage and consumption of Korean medical report in 2014. Among those patients, I have classified them into long term inpatients(131 patients) and short term inpatients(213 patients) based on 16 days of hospitalization. Also multiple regression analysis was conducted to investigate the characteristics of the hospitalization, treatment satisfaction and dissatisfaction, the characteristics of long term hospitalization according to the sociodemographic of the subjects, the top 21 diseases and the distribution of human bodies, side effects and kinds of Korean medicine. Results : There was a statistically significant difference between the short term and long term hospitalized patients due to age, occupation, marital status, all 21 diseases and institutional fees, experience of Korean medical treatment due to traffic accidents. There was no significant difference in gender, education level, residence, income level, type of medical insurance, whether private insurance, type of medical treatment for Korean medicine, medical expenses for car accidents, reason for dissatisfaction with treatment. The number of long term patients at Korean medicine hospitals increased by a statistically significant by age in model 1 where confounding factors were differently controlled. In model 2, the number of long term patients at Korean medicine hospitals increased by a statistically significant by age, among those who earned 5,000,000 Korean won or more, and among those with nerve diseases. The number of long term patients at Korean medicine hospitals decreased by a statistically significant amount among the unemployed and others in model 2. In model 3, the number of long term patients at Korean medicine hospitals increased by a statistically significant by age, among those who earned 5,000,000 Korean won or more, and among those with nerve diseases, while the number decreased by a statistically significant amount among the married. Conclusions : These results suggest that the factors affecting the short term and long term hospitalization of patients with Korean medicine hospital are different from each other. Especially it was significant by age, over 5,000,000won Income per month, nerve disease, but decrease significant married.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.611-619
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• 2018

The researches have only conducted regarding construction safety management and risk on interior construction site(workers) and is insufficient about the exterior construction site(third party). As a result, ordinary people who were near construction sites have injured and hold a negative view when they think about the construction industry because construction industry have been exposed to them having a high accidents rate through media. In addition, the importance of industrial disaster prevention is emphasized at this point in time, the overall safety management system should be constructed with considering construction site external(third human) for improving the negative image of the construction industry among ordinary people. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop the quantification model of human accident utilizing the insurance claim payout occurred construction site exterior(third party). In the future, it can be used as a reference for developing the safety management checklist in construction site interior exterior and development for forecasting control system of human accident.