• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1802-1810
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing herbal active ingredients (YGF251) which can promote the secretion of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in the diet on production performance, egg quality, blood hematology, and excreta gas emission in laying hens. Methods: A total of 288 ISA Brown (41-week-old) laying hens with an initial body weight of 1.83±0.68 kg were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments in a randomized block design based on body weight. Each treatment had 12 replicate cages having 6 adjacent cages per replicate (hens are kept in cages alone). The experimental period was 35 days. Dietary treatments were based on the corn-soybean meal-wheat-based basal diet and supplemented with 0.00%, 0.05%, 0.10%, or 0.15% YGF251. Results: There was a linear increased egg weight in weeks 1 to 5 (p<0.05), egg mass in week 1 (p<0.05) and weeks 1 to 5 (p<0.05), egg strength on day 7 (p<0.05), 21 (p<0.01), and 35 (p<0.01), eggshell thickness on day 21 (p<0.05) and 35 (p<0.01), haugh unit on day 21 (p<0.01) and 35 (p<0.05), serum IGF-1 concentration on day 21 (p<0.05) and 35 (p<0.01), and serum total protein concentration on day 35 (p<0.05) were observed with the supplementing YGF251 increased in the diet, while feed conversion ratio in weeks 1 to 5 (p<0.05) and excreta ammonia emission (p<0.01) decreased linearly with the dose of YGF251 increased. Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of YGF251 positively affected the production performance and egg quality of laying hens through increasing serum IGF-1 concentration in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, YGF251 supplementation improved barn environment by reducing excreta noxious gas emission.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.1183-1186
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• 2012

Objective: To observe the effect of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC7721 cells. Methods: Cells were divided into blank control, IGF-1, IGF-1 + SB203580, and SB203580 groups. SB203580 was used to block the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Changes in the expression of BMP-2, p38 MAPK, and phosphorylated p38, MERK, ERK and JNK were determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) and Western blot analysis. Results: Protein expression of phosphorylated BMP-2, MERK, ERK, and JNK was significantly up-regulated by IGF-1 compared with the control group ($1.138{\pm}0.065$ vs. $0.606{\pm}0.013$, $0.292{\pm}0.005$ vs. $0.150{\pm}0.081$, $0.378{\pm}0.006$ vs. $0.606{\pm}0.013$, and $0.299{\pm}0.015$ vs. $0.196{\pm}0.017$, respectively; P<0.05). Levels of BMP-2 and phosphorylated MERK and JNK were significantly reduced after blocking of the p38MAPK signaling pathway ($0.494{\pm}0.052$ vs. $0.165{\pm}0.017$, $0.073{\pm}0.07$ vs. $0.150{\pm}0.081$, and $0.018{\pm}0.008$ vs. $0.196{\pm}0.017$, respectively; P<0.05), but such a significant difference was not observed for phosphorylated ERK protein expression ($0.173{\pm}0.07$ vs. $0.150{\pm}0.081$, P>0.05). Conclusion: IGF-1 can up-regulate BMP-2 expression, and p38 MAPK signaling pathway blockage can noticeably reduce the up-regulated expression. We can conclude that the up-regulatory effect of IGF-1 on BMP-2 expression is realized through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.613-619
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• 2016

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, is associated with changes in myocardial structure and function. This study sought to explore the ability of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to modulate DCM and its related mechanisms. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg) to mimic diabetes mellitus. Myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis were evaluated by histopathologic analyses, and relevant proteins were analyzed by Western blotting. Inflammatory factors were assessed by ELISA. Markers of oxidative stress were tested by colorimetric analysis. Rats with DCM displayed decreased body weight, metabolic abnormalities, elevated apoptosis (as assessed by the bcl-2/bax ratio and TUNEL assays), increased fibrosis, increased markers of oxidative stress (MDA and SOD) and inflammatory factors (TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-$1{\beta}$), and decreased phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-$3{\beta}$). IGF-1 treatment, however, attenuated the metabolic abnormalities and myocardial apoptosis, interstitial fibrosis, oxidative stress and inflammation seen in diabetic rats, while also increasing the phosphorylation levels of Akt and GSK-$3{\beta}$. These findings suggest that IGF-1 ameliorates the pathophysiological progress of DCM along with an activation of the Akt/GSK-$3{\beta}$ signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that IGF-1 could be a potential therapeutic choice for controlling DCM.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2012

Objective: To determine whether animal age impacts in vitro preantral follicle growth. Effects of hCG, stem cell factor (SCF), and/or insulin-like growth factor (IGF) supplementation in growth medium were also investigated. Methods: Intact preantral follicles were mechanically isolated from fresh ovaries of BDF1 mice and cultured in growth medium for 9 to 11 days. Surviving follicles with antrum formation were transferred to maturation medium for 14 to 18 hours. Follicle survival, antrum formation, and retrieval of metaphase II (MII) oocytes were compared among three age categories (4-5, 7-8, and 10-11 week-old). By using 7- to 8-week-old mice, preantral follicles were cultured in growth medium supplemented with hCG (0, 5, or 10 mIU/mL), SCF (50 ng/mL), IGF-1 (50 ng/mL), and SCF+IGF-1. Results: Seven- to eight-week-old mice showed a higher follicle survival and antrum formation and produced more MII oocytes compared to other groups. In the 7- to 8-week-old mice, supplementation of 5 mIU/mL hCG significantly enhanced the antrum formation but the percentage of MII oocytes was similar to that of the control. Supplementation of SCF+IGF-1 did not enhance follicle survival or antrum formation but the percentage of MII oocytes increased modestly (39.1%) than in the control (28.6%, p>0.05, statistically not significant). Conclusion: Seven- to eight-week-old mice showed better outcomes in growth of preantral follicles in vitro than 4- to 5- or 10- to 11-week-old mice. Supplementation of hCG enhanced antrum formation and supplementation of SCF+IGF-1 yielded more mature oocytes; hence, these should be considered in the growth of preantral follicles in vitro.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1321-1329
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• 2007

사슴뿔은 동물세계에서 가장 빨리 성장하는 조직이다. 따라서 성장중인 사슴뿔은 뼈 성장을 촉진하는 인자가 풍부하게 포함된 것으로 생각된다. 이들 성장인자들 중 IGF-1은 뼈를 자라게 하는 조골세포의 대사에 중요한 역할을 한다고 알려져 있어 이를 정제하고자 하였다. IGF-1의 정제는 상대라고 불리는 신선한 사슴뿔을 유안침전, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B 이온교환수지, CM-Sepharose CL-6B 양이온교환수지, Sephadex G-50의 순차적인 방법으로 할 수 있었다. 각 과정마다 IGF-1의 거동을 HPLC, SDS-PAGE, Dot blot, 그리고 western blot으로 분석하였다. IGF-1의 정량은 ELISA기술로 재조합 인간 IGF-1을 이용하여 계산되었으며, 최종 분별 액은 두 개의 단백질을 보였으나, Western-blot에서 작은 분자량인 12 kDa으로 최종 판명할 수 있었다. 정제된 단백질은 HPLC에서 retention 시간 8분만에 검출되었으며, 총 농도는 2910 ng/ml 이고 중량은 0.291 g 이었다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.324-333
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• 2004

To determine whether Insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) treatment represents a potential means of enhancing the survival of cardiac muscle cells from adriamycin (ADR)-induced cell death, the present study examined the ability of IGF-I to prevent cell death. The study was performed utilising the embryonic, rat, cardiac muscle cell line, H9C2. Incubating cardiac muscle cells in the presence of adriamycin increased cell death, as determined by MTT assay and annexin V-positive cell number. The addition of 100 ng/mL IGF-I, in the presence of adriamycin, decreased apoptosis. The effect of IGF-I on phosphorylation of PI, a substrate of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) or protein kinase B (AKT), was also examined in H9C2 cardiac muscle cells. IGF-I increased the phosphorylation of ERK 1 and 2 and $PKC{\;}{\zeta}{\;}kinase$. The use of inhibitors of PI 3-kinase (LY 294002), in the cell death assay, demonstrated partial abrogation of the protective effect of IGF-I. The MEK1 inhibitor-PD098059 and the PKC inhibitor-chelerythrine exhibited no effect on IGF-1-induced cell protection. In the regulatory subunit of PI3K-p85- dominant, negative plasmid-transfected cells, the IGF-1-induced protective effect was reversed. This data demonstrates that IGF-I protects cardiac muscle cells from ADR-induced cell death. Although IGF-I activates several signaling pathways that contribute to its protective effect in other cell types, only activation of PI 3-kinase contributes to this effect in H9C2 cardiac muscle cells.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.799-821
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• 1996

The ultimate goal of periodontal treatment has been to facilitate regeneration of diseased periodontal tissues, destroyed by inflammatory periodontal disease. For regeneration of the periodontium to occur, all of component tissues must be restored to their original position and architecture. Growth factors which were known to promote the cellular processes, ie, proliferation, migration and matrix synthesis, have been in the spotlight of current periodontics. Platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) stimulates collagen and non collagen protein synthesis, migration and proliferation of periodontal ligament cells. Insulin-like growth factor(IGF) has potentials to induce collagen and bone matrix synthesis so that it regulates normal bone remodeling. Application of the combination have been known to facilitate formation of bone and cementum, and to synergistically interact to promote coronal migration and proliferation of periodontal ligament cells. These two growth factors have been reported to exhibit positive effect in the periodontally diseased teeth or class m furcation defects. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that PDGF-BB alone or the combination of PDGF-BB and IGF-I can predictably enhance regeneration of the periodontium in the dehiscence defect. Following the resection of premolars, roots were embedded. After 12 weeks of healing period, standardized experimental $4{\times}4mm$ dehiscence defects were created on the mid-facial of the premolar roots in each of 4 young adult dogs. In control group, only methylcellulose gel was inserted in the defects. In experimental group I and II, gel with $2{\mu}g$ of PDGF-BB or $2{\mu}g$ of PDGF-BB and $1{\mu}g$ of IGF-I was inserted in the defects, respectively. At 8 weeks postsurgery, the dogs were sacrificed. The results were observed histologically and analyzed histomorphometrically.The results of this study were as follws. 1. The new cementum formation was $1.26{\pm}0.69mm$ in the control group, $1.80{\pm}0.84mm$ in the experimental group I, $1.93{\pm}0.51mm$ in the experimental group II. The experimental group III, the experimental group I, the control group were in the order of cementum formation without statistically significant differences between control and all experimental groups. 2. The new bone formation was $1.00{\pm}0.53mm$ in the control group, $1.53{\pm}0.63mm$ in the experimental group I, $l.33{\pm}0.45mm$ in the experimental group II. The experimental group I, the experimental group II, the control group were in the order of bone formation without statistically significant differences between control and all experimental groups. 3. The root resorption was $1.12{\pm}0.64mm$ in the control group, $1.34{\pm}0.73mm$ in the experimental group I, $0.79{\pm}0.59mm$ in the experimental group II without statistically significant differences between control and all experimental groups. These results suggested that the use of PDGF-BB alone or PDGF-BB and IGF-I in the dehiscence defects might facilitate periodontal regeneration in some degree, but has not shown statistically significant results.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 1999

목적 : Insuln-like growth factor(IGF)-I및 -II는 성장인자로 일군의 IGF-binding protein(IGFBP)에 의하여 그 작용이 조절된다. IGF-I은 백서 신장에서 발견되고 대사효과와 성장효과를 갖고 있다. 이번 연구는 백서에서 신장발육과 허혈성 신손상 후 재생과정 동안에 IGFBP의 발현이 변화하는지를 보고자 한다. 방법 : 태생 15주부터 성숙 할때까지 백서 신장에서 IGFBP 발현의 변화를 알아보기 위해 Northern blotting을 시행하였고, 급성신부전 백서의 신장에서 IGF-IGBP axis의 변화를 보기 위해 Northern blotting과 Immunohisto-chemistry를 이용하였다. 결과 : IGFBP-1과 -3는 태생기에는 거의 발현되지 않다가 출생 후 7일째부터 성숙이 끝날 때까지 점진적으로 증가하였다. 반면에 IGFBP-2와 -5는 태생기에 많이 발현되고, IGFBP-2는 출생 후 7일째까지 IGFBP-5는 30일째까지 높은 농도를 유지하다가 급격히 감소하였다. 한편 IGFBP-4는 태생기에 중등도로 발현되는데 출생 후 증가하기 시작하여 7일째 가장 많이 발현되다가 급격히 감소하였다. 신손상 후 IGFBP의 변화를 보면 IGFBP-1과 -4는 재생기간 동안 3-5배 증가되다가 정상으로 회복된 반면 IGFBP-3와 IGFBP Related Protein-1(IGFBPrP-1) 은 신손상 1일째에는 약간 감소하다가 그후 증가하여 정상보다 약간 높은 수준을 유지하였다. 결론 : 백서 신장에서 신장구조나 기능의 발달, 분화 및 재생에 대한 IGF의 작용을 조절할 수 있는 IGFBP 발현에 현저한 변화가 있었다.

• 한국가정관리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국가정관리학회 2000년도 학술대회
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• pp.147-148
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• 2000

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1180-1185
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• 2009

Two experiments were carried out to study the effects of dietary energy level on nutrient digestion, nitrogen (N) utilization, growth performance, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) in plasma, liver and longissimus dorsi muscle in growing-finishing pigs. In experiment 1 (Exp 1), 15 castrated male pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Large White) (Body weight, BW, 55.6${\pm}$1.8 kg) were divided into three groups and fed rations containing 13.33, 14.87 and 17.35 MJ digestible energy (DE)/kg as treatments I, II and III, respectively, using soybean oil as an energy source. The experiment lasted 8 days and faecal and urinary samples were collected during the last 3 days. The results showed that the digestibility of dry matter (DM), energy and N was increased from treatments I to III (p<0.01). N-retention and N-retention rate were not influenced by dietary DE level (p>0.05). In experiment 2 (Exp 2), 36 female pigs (Duroc${\times}$Landrace${\times}$Large White) (BW 41.5${\pm}$3.8 kg) were divided into three groups. The pigs were fed with the same three rations used in Exp 1 for 60 days. At the end of Exp 2, eight pigs were selected from each group for blood sampling and 4 pigs for slaughter trial. The results indicated that average daily feed intake (ADFI) and N-intake were significantly decreased (p<0.01), and DE intake (p<0.01) and average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.05) were increased. IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in plasma were increased (p<0.05). No significant differences in IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in liver and longissimus dorsi muscle were found between different treatments. It was concluded that higher dietary DE level improved nutrient digestibility, ADG and feed/gain ratio when soybean oil was used as an energy source in the ration of growing-finishing pigs. No significant differences were found in Nretention and IGF-I and IGFBP-3 in liver and longissimus dorsi muscle between different treatments.