• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.118-125
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• 1999

Effects of adding of Angelica keiskei Koidz flour on the quality characteristics of bread were inves tigated. The content of total dietary fiber was 31.89% in flour of Angelica keiskei Koidz leaf and 43.37 % in that of stem. The content of insoluble dietary fiber increased by blanching, but those of soluble dietary fiber and insoluble dietary fiber increased by steeping in NaCl solution. In the results of sensory evaluation of Angelica keiskei Koidz flour, leaf steeped in NaCl solution and blanched stem showed good overall preference. With the addition of Angelica keiskei Koidz flour, water binding capacity and loaf weight increased, while the loaf volume decreased. The loaf volume of bread added with leaf steeped in NaCl solution and blanched stem were higher than those added with natural Angelica keiskei Koidz flour. The lightness and redness values decreased with the increase of Angelica keiskei Koidz flour content in bread but yellowness values increased. In the texture analyzer measurement for bread added with Angelica keiskei Koidz flour, hardness and springiness somewhat increased, while cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness decreased. As the results of sensory evaluation of bread added with Angelica keiskei Koidz flour, the score of the breads added with 5% leaf steeped in NaCl solution and 5%, 10% blanched stem were somewhat lower than those of control bread. In terms of rate of addition of Angelica keiskei Koidz flour, the bread added with leaf at 5% level, natural stem at 5% level and stem by blanching at 5%, 10% level had good overall preference.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.856-867
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• 2017

Supplement of dietary fibers (DF) is regarded as one of the most effective way to prevent and relieve chronic diseases caused by long-term intake of a high-fat diet in the current society. The health benefits of soluble dietary fibers (SDF) have been widely researched and applied, whereas the insoluble dietary fibers (IDF), which represent a higher proportion in plant food, were mistakenly thought to have effects only in fecal bulking. In this article, we proved the anti-obesity and glucose homeostasis improvement effects of IDF from pear pomace at first, and then the mechanisms responsible for these effects were analyzed. The preliminary study by real-time PCR and ELISA showed that this kind of IDF caused more changes in the gut microbiota compared with in satiety hormone or in hepatic metabolism. Further analysis of the gut microbiota by high-throughput amplicon sequencing showed IDF from pear pomace obviously improved the structure of the gut microbiota. Specifically, it promoted the growth of Bacteroidetes and inhibited the growth of Firmicutes. These results are coincident with previous hypothesis that the ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes is negatively related with obesity. In conclusion, our results demonstrated IDF from pear pomace could prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity in rats mainly by improving the structure of the gut microbiota.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.375-379
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• 2005

Physicochemical properties, intestinal microbial growth, and inhibitory effects of alcohol-insoluble polysaccharide (AIP) extracted from cucumber peel were investigated. AIP was composed of 14.54% crude protein, 1.04% crude lipid, 13.74 % crude ash, 9.1% soluble dietary fiber, and 41.2% insoluble dietary fiber. AIP showed low bulk density (0.18 g/mL) and water-holding capacity (6.39 g/g), and high oil-holding capacity (3.96 g/g). Pectic substance fractions [water-soluble pectic substance (WSP), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-soluble pectic substance (ESP), and alkali-soluble pectic substances (ASP)] and hemicellulose fractions [1 M KOH-soluble hemicellulose (KHP1) and 4 M KOH-soluble hemicellulose (KHP4)] were obtained from sequential chemical fractionation of AIP. WSP showed higher total sugar contents than total uronic acid contents, whereas opposite results were observed in ESP and ASP. Molecular weight distributions of three pectic substance fractions were in order of ASP>ESP>WSP. Ion exchange chromatogram pattern of WSP was different from those of ESP and ASP. Major component of WSP was fraction eluted by 0.05 M ammonium acetate buffer, whereas that of ESP and ASP was fraction eluted by 0.2 M NaOH. WSP and ASP showed growth-promoting activities against Lactobacillus brevis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and B. longum, whereas B. bifidum and B. longum for ESP. KHP1 and KHP4 fractions had significant growth-promoting activities against B. bifidum.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.72-78
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• 2006

The extraction properties of the biological waste originated from the Tobacco industry were evaluated. The biological waste have been recycled and transformed into a valuable material, so called a reconstituted tobacco sheet(Recon) by the papermaking process. In this process, The mechanical extraction process, which divides the mixed raw material slurry into the soluble stock and the insoluble stock, could affect not only the quality of final Recon product but also the productivity of whole Recon making process. This study investigated the effects of the extraction process on the slurry properties in detail. In order to quantify the amounts of the solubles which resided in the insoluble fibers, the washing treatment of the stock before and after squeezing process was applied. The amounts of the residual solubles showed little changes according to each stage of the extraction process. The fractionation of the slurry showed the difference in the amount of soluble in the stock depending on the size of the biological waste. After the extraction process, the bigger size fiber portion contained about 19%(by weight) in soluble after pressing but the smaller size fiber portion 9% in soluble. The fractionation ratio of the stocks also was changed by the screw press process, which could demonstrate the physical effects of the mechanical extraction.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.360-365
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• 2009

The dietary fiber and crude fiber contents of different thallus regions (blade, stipe, and holdfast) in three brown algae (Laminaria japonica, Ecklonia stolonifera, and E. cava) were detennined at different ages, and then compared with one another. On a dry matter basis, the soluble dietary fiber (SDF) content was highest ($10.8{\pm}0.5%$) in the holdfast of 2-year old L. japonica, and the insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), total dietary fiber (TDF), and crude fiber (CF) contents were highest in the holdfast of 2-year old E. cava at $44.5{\pm}0.7%$, $50.2{\pm}0.5%$, $6.8{\pm}0.7%$, respectively. The IDF, TDF, and CF contents of these three species were measured in the following order: holdfast > stipe > blade, and the SDF contents of L. japonica exhibited the reverse of this trend. The TDF/CF ratio of 1-year old L. japonica, E. stolonifera, and E. cava was greater than was observed in the corresponding 2-year old samples. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first report demonstrating that the holdfasts of L. japonica, E. stolonifera, and E. cava are rich in dietary fiber contents, especially IDF, TDF, and CF.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.23-32
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• 1995

This study was performed to investigate the influence of dietary fibers from the whole foods on the serum lipid level and bowel function in rats. The fiber sources of experimental diets were prepared by drying and milling of cereal(rice bran), vegetables(Korean cabbage, radish), fruit(apple), and sea weeds(laver, sea tangle). Each of fiber sources was mixed into the diet to make the 5% level of total dietary fiber. Male rats of Sprague-Dawley strain were blocked into 8 groups : FF, CC, CE, V1, V2, ER, S1, and S2. The animals were fed ad libitum each of experimental diets for 4 weeks. Serum triglyceride level was not significantly different among groups. The laver group showed the lowest level in the serum total cholesterol. The Korean cabbage group showed the highest level in the serum HDL cholesterol. The longest transit time was observed in the fiber free group and the shortest transit time was observed in the sea tangle group. Absorption rates of calcium were especially lower in the Korean cabbage and the sea tangle groups than the other groups. Magnesium and phosphorus absorption rates were influenced by SDF(Soluble Dietary Fiber) intake and TDF(Total Dietary Fiber) intake, respectively. Mucosa weight in the small intestine showed the tendency to increase by increasing of IDF (Insoluble Dietary Fiber) intake. especially the Korean cabbage group was the heaviest. The activity of maltase in the mucosa of small intestine was the lowest in the radish group.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.648-654
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• 2014

본 실험에서는 함초에 포함 되어 있는 불용성 식이섬유를 추출 분리 하여 변비가 유발된 흰쥐에서의 다양한 장 기능 개선 효과에 대하여 알아보았다. 실험은 Sprague-Dawley계 수컷 흰쥐를 사용하였으며 Normal군, Control군, 5% ${\alpha}$-cellulose군, SHDF 5%, SHDF 10%군으로 나누었다. AIN-93 기본식이에 다른 식이섬유를 첨가하여 4주 동안 식이하여 혈청 중 지질 성분의 생화학적 분석, 대변량과 수분 함유량의 변화, 장 통과시간 측정, 분변 중 pH와 담즙산 측정, 대장의 병리조직학적 관찰 등을 통해 결과를 얻었다. 혈중 triglyceride 함량은 Control군에 비해 SHDF 10%군이 유의성 있는 감소를 보여 주었고 심지어, 5% ${\alpha}$-cellulose군과 비교하여 효과적인 감소를 보여주었다. HDL-cholesterol의 함량은 Control군에 비해서 모든 군에서 모두 유의성 있는 증가를 보여 주었다. 채집한 분변의 wet weight와 dry weight는 모두 Control군에 비해 유의성 있는 증가를 보였으며, 배출된 대변에서의 수분양이 유의성 있게 증가하였다. 분변의 장 통과시간이 Control군에 비해 유의적으로 단축되는 것으로 나타났다. 분변의 pH는 Control군에 비해 함초의 식이에 의해 유의성 있는 감소를 모였으며, 담즙산은 유의성 있게 증가했다. 조직의 염색상을 통해 장샘의 길이와 전체적인 형태를 확인한 결과 Control군에 비하여 함초식이군에서 조직의 손상이 회복되는 것을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 볼 때, 함초의 불용성 식이섬유는 혈중 triglyceride의 감소와 HDL-cholesterol을 증가시키고, 대변량을 증가시키고 장 통과시간을 단축하여 손상된 장관내 환경을 개선시킴으로써, 장점막층의 빠른 회복을 통하여 변비 등과 같은 장기능 저하에 탁월한 효과를 가질 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2006

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary fiber supplementation with snack type on functional constipation. We conducted a double blind case-control study with 3 groups; placebo, low dose group (LD: insoluble fiber 7 g/d + soluble fiber 1.2 g/d) and high dose group (HD: insoluble fiber 14 g/d + soluble fiber 2.4 g/d) , which were randomly assigned out of subjects with functional constipation, defined by modified Rome II criteria. We measured anthropometric parameters and evaluated the bowel movement frequency, stool type, straining, sense of complete evacuation, abdominal discomfort/pain, abdominal inflation, relief and colon transit time before, during the supplementation. Both LD and HD groups had significant improvement in straining, sense of complete evacuation and satisfactory relief compared with placebo group (p < 0.05). When subdivide by baseline colon transit time (less than 24 hrs/ 24 hrs or more and less than 72 hrs / 72 hrs or more), only HD group had significantly improvement; colon transit time recovered near by 24 hrs in subjects of 'less than 24 hrs' (from $7.57{\pm}1.40$ hrs to $25.2{\pm}3.91$ hrs, p < 0.01) and reduced in those of '24hr or more and less than 72 hr' (from $47.0{\pm}3.36$ hrs to $31.3{\pm}4.31$ hrs, p < 0.01) and '72 hr or more' (from $106.7{\pm}10.7$ hrs to $85.0{\pm}13.1$ hrs, P < 0.05) subjects. Particularly, positive effect of fiber supplementation on straining and sense of complete evacuation in test groups seemed to be greater in subjects of '24 hrs or less' and '24 hrs or more and less' than 72 hrs' than those of '72 hrs or more'. In conclusion, subjects with functional constipation, particularly those having colon transit time less than 72 hrs can significantly improve, at least in part, symptom related to constipation by fiber supplementation of snack type without serious side effects.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 1995

These works were designed to examine the effects of dietary fiber sources and levels on lipid metabolism in rats fed high lard diet. Rats were divided into three($\alpha$-cellulose, polydextrose, carrageenan) groups and were fed with containing 6% fiber diet. Serum, liver and fecal lipid contents were examined after four weeks of dieting. Also, in order to investigate whether hypocholesterolemic effect of dietary fiber at 4 weeks is continued at 8 weeks, rats were fed with diets containing same sources with different levels of each dietary fiber and were sacrificed after eight weeks of dieting. Serum cholesterol in rats fed carrageenan diet and polydextrose diet were reduced compared with $\alpha$-cellulose-fed group at both four and eight weeks dieting. Liver cholesterol in both polydextrose-fed and carrageenan-fed group were lower than $\alpha$-cellulose-fed group. Fecal total group were increased compared with $\alpha$-cellulose-fed group. On the other hand, there was no significant difference between polydextrose-fed and carrageenan-fed group. On the basis of the results, it was suggested that the hypocholesterolemic effect of soluble fiber used in this study (polydextrose, carageenan) on rats was due to the inhibition of cholesterol absorption on the intestinal lumen and acceleration of cholesterol catabolism in the liver and enhancement of bile acids excretion. On the other hand, insoluble fiber($\alpha$-cellulose) showed no hypo-cholesterolemic effect.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.502-508
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• 1997

탈지한 미강을 열처리(압출성형, 볶음처리)한 후 termamyl로 처리하여 얻은 미강 식이섬유추출물은 $27.3{\sim}30.5%$의 단백질, $49.7{\sim}54.1%$의 불용성 식이섬유(IDF), $1.9{\sim}2.7%$의 수용성 식이섬유(SDF)를 함유하였다. 압출성형에 의하여 IDF 함량은 감소되었으나 SDF 함량은 증가된 반면, 볶음처리에 의해서는 크게 영향을 받지 않았다. 미강 식이섬유추출물은 무기질중 인의 함량이 가장 높았으며 열처리한 시료들 사이에서는 각 시료간에 무기질 함량의 차이가 컸다. 볶음처리한 시료가 가장 낮은 L값, 가장 높은 a와 b값을 나타냈으나 압출성형한 시료는 가장 높은 L값을 나타냈다. 보수성은 압출성형에 의해 크게 증가되었으나 볶음처리에 의해서는 영향을 받지않았다. 주사현미경에 의한 세포벽의 관찰결과 압출성형한 시료는 약간의 세포벽 손상이, 볶음처리한 시료는 완전한 세포벽 붕괴가 관찰되었다. 미강 식이섬유의 첨가농도를 증가함에 따라 밀가루의 수분흡수율, 반죽형성시간 및 안정도는 증가하였으나 MTI값은 서서히 감소하였다. 압출성형한 시료는 가장 높은 수분흡수율을 나타냈으며, 열처리한 시료들은 낮은 반죽형성시간 및 안정도를 보였으나 MTI값에는 영향을 주지 않았다. 식이섬유추출물은 식빵의 제조에 영향을 주어 식빵의 무게 증가, 부피 감소, 식빵 내부 및 외부색의 강도증가 및 조직감의 감소를 가져왔으며, 6% 첨가시료들을 비교했을 때 압출성형한 시료는 다른 시료들에 비해 가장 큰 영향을 미쳤다. 식빵의 관능검사 결과, 식이섬유 추출물의 첨가가 식빵의 품질에 크게 영향을 미쳤다. 특히, 식빵의 외관, 조직감, 전반적인 기호도는 대조구와 유의적인 차이를 보였고 향과 맛의 경우 6%의 첨가까지는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 열처리를 달리한 시료들 사이에서는 시료들 간에는 평균값의 차이를 보였지만 통계적으로는 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 이상의 관능검사 결과를 고려해 볼 때 미강에서 추출한 식이섬유추출물을 첨가한 고식이섬유 식빵제조시 6%까지는 제품에 큰 영향을 주지 않고 첨가할 수 있을 것으로 여겨진다.