• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.280-286
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• 2019

본 연구는 발의 피로와 통증을 줄이고 발의 정상적인 기능을 유지해주는 기능적 인솔 적용 유무가 노인 보행 시 하지의 생체 역학적 변인 및 패턴에 미치는 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 대상자는 10명(연령, 73.2 세: 신장, 152.1 cm: 체중, 59.4 kg)이며, 기능적 인솔 착용과 비 착용 시의 보행을 분석하였다. 보행분석은 퀄리시스 시스템 (Qualisys system)으로 촬영 후 비쥬얼 3D (Visual-3D)로 분석하였다. 그 결과, 기능적 인솔을 착용했을 경우, 보장과 유각기 속도가 유의미하게 증가하였다 (p<.05). 또한 하지의 신전 모멘트가 입각기에서 유의미하게 증가하였다 (p<.05). 본 연구 결과 기능적 인솔은 노인의 보행 안정성을 향상시는 효과가 있었다. 그러나 이 연구의 결과를 일반화하기 위해서는 더 많은 대상자들을 통해 보다 많은 정량적 자료를 축적할 필요가 있으며, 대상자들에게 오랜 시간동안 인솔을 사용하게 한 후 보행변인 및 패턴의 변화를 검토하는 연구가 추후 이뤄져야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.22-27
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of visual information and different elevations of medially wedged insoles on the proprioceptive sense of the knee joint. The subjects of this study were 16 able-bodied men who were not athletic. An electrogoniometer was used to determine the error value between calculated 50% of full flexion (target position) and performed 50% of full flexion in a standing position with the upper extremities crossed. Tests were randomly performed in $2{\times}4$ conditions. Visual variations included open eyes vs. closed eyes, while the elevation was adjusted through the use (or lack thereof) of medially wedged insoles of 10 mm, 14 mm, and 18 mm. The average error value in each condition was statistically analyzed. The findings of this study revealed as follows: 1) The average error value was significantly higher with the subjects' eyes open than with their eyes closed (p<.05). 2) The averaged error value was also significantly higher when the subjects were elevated 18 mm than with no elevation at all (p<.05). The findings of this study should be considered in lower extremity rehabilitation programs when medially wedged insoles used.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

Purpose: This study examined the effects of heel insoles on the static balance and leg muscle activity and posture control strategy during external perturbation. Methods: Thirty healthy young men participated in the study. The subjects underwent two experimental conditions: 1) no heel insole condition (0cm) and 2) wearing heel insole condition (5cm). The static balance was measured using an I-Balance device, which measured the change in the center of gravity (COG). The onset time of muscle activation and muscle activation of the erector spinae (ES), hamstring (HAM), gastrocnemius (GCM) were measured using surface EMG electrodes to determine the change in posture control strategy during external perturbation. Results: The speed and distance of COG were significantly higher in the wearing heel insoles condition than the no heel insole condition (p<0.05). In addition, significant differences in the onset time of the GCM, HAM, and ES muscle activation were observed when there was no heel insole condition during external perturbation (p<0.017). On the other hand, no significant differences in the onset time of muscle activation were observed between GCM and HAM when wearing the heel insole condition during external perturbation (p<0.017). Moreover, muscle activation of the GCM was significantly higher in the wearing heel insoles condition than the no heel insole condition during external perturbation (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that heel insoles may have disadvantages, and increased efforts are needed to maintain balance and change the posture control strategy during external perturbation.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.337-344
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• 2019

본 연구는 경남소재 H대학에 재학 중인 20~30대를 대상으로 연구목적, 연구내용, 측정방법을 설명한 후 본 실험에 참여하기로 동의한 남녀 16명을 대상으로 실시하였다. 스쿼트 운동시 세 가지 조건, 즉 선자세, 60도 굴곡자세, 90도 굴곡자세 저항에 따른 넙다리곧은근, 가쪽넓은근, 안쪽넓은근, 앞정강근, 장딴지근 활성도의 전후차를 비교하기 위하여 대응표본 T-검정을 실시하였고, 저항에 따른 각 근육을 비교하기 위하여 반복측정에 의한 분산분석(repeated measured ANOVA)을 실시하였다. 60도 무릎관절 굴곡, 90도 무릎관절 굴곡시 앞정강근을 제외한 넙다리곧은근, 안쪽넓은근, 가쪽넓은근, 장딴지근에서 통계학적으로 근활성도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났고, 90도 무릎관절 굴곡시에는 안쪽넓은근에 비해 가쪽넓은근의 근활성도의 값이 큰 것으로 나타나 슬개대퇴동통증후군에도 좋지 않은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구를 바탕으로 키높이 깔창을 착용한 상태에서의 운동의 슬개대퇴동통증후군을 악화시킬 수 있으므로 키높이 깔창을 착용하지 않는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.37-47
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• 2006

Purpose : The purpose is to assess the effects of muscle activity of normal person with contact laterally wedged insoles with strapping of varying elevations of 9, 15, 21mm. Methods : The subjects were adult males and women who had not experienced any knee injury. They were asked to performed from isometric contraction exerciese in four postures using lateral wedged. The normalized EMG activity levels(%MVC) of the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, tibialis anterior, soleus for the four postures of the lower extremities were compared using one way repeted measures ANOVA. Results : Comparison of EMG amplitudes across all postures revealed no significant differences among all muscles(P>0.05). Conclusion : Further studies of the effect of wedged insole angle on knee varus torque in patients with medial-lateral knee osteoarthritis are needed.

• 대한인간공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한인간공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.6-6
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• 2004

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.31-36
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 일정한 충격하중을 제공하여 충격특성을 정량적으로 측정할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하고 당뇨화 안창의 소재에 대한 감쇠지수, 중앙주파수, 반발계수 등을 통하여 6종류의 당뇨화 소재와 3종류의 다밀도 당뇨화 안창의 충격특성을 측정하였다. Podian, Plastazote black, Plastazote white, Flexible PU foam, Podialene 200 blue, Podia flex 소재 중에서 감쇠지수와 반발계수는 Podian이 우수하였으며, Flexible PU foam 소재의 중앙주파수가 가장 작음을 알 수 있었다. 3종의 다밀도 안창인 AP 안창, OS 안창, PW 안창을 각각 세 부위로 나누어 안창의 종류와 부위별 충격특성을 비교한 결과 발뒤꿈치 부분이 충격완화 효과가 가장 우수함을 확인할 수 있었다. 반발계수와 중앙주파수에서는 OS 안창이 AP 안창보다 충격완화 효과가 우수함을 보였으나, 감쇠지수는 서로 유사한 견과를 보였다. PW 안창은 두 겹의 폴리우레탄이 전체에 분포되어 있으므로 부위별로 유사한 충격흡수정도를 나타내었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.80-90
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• 2013

Recently, functional insoles of wedge-type it is for the young to raise their height inserted between insole and heel cause foot pain and disease. Additionally, these have a problem with stability and excessively load-bearing during gait like high-heel shoes. In this study, we compared the changes in biomechanical characteristics of foot with different insole thickness then we will utilize for the development of the insole with the purpose of relieving the pain and disease. Subjects(male, n = 6) measured COP(center of pressure) and PCP(peak contact pressure) on the treadmill(140cm/s) using F-scan system and different insole thickness(0~50 mm) between sole and plantar surface during gait. Also, we computed changes of stresses at the foot using finite element model with various insole thickness during toe-off phase. COP moved anterior and medial direction and, PCP was increased at medial forefoot surface, $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ metatarsophalangeal, ($9%{\uparrow}$) with thicker insoles and it was show sensitive increment as the insole thickness was increased from 40 mm to 50 mm. Change of the stress at the soft-tissue of plantar surface, $1^{st}$ metatarsal head represents rapid growth($36%{\uparrow}$). Also, lateral moments were increased over the 100% near the $1^{st}$ metatarsal as the insole thickness was increased from 0 mm to 30 mm. And it is show sensitive increment as the insole thickness changed 10 mm to 20 mm. As a result, it was expected that use of excessively thick insoles might cause unwanted foot pain at the forefoot region. Therefore, insole thickness under 30 mm was selected.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.110-122
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• 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic increased people's time at home and caused an 80% increase in noise disputes between floors. The purpose of this study is to propose suitable materials for making indoor shoes (insoles) to minimize noise between floors. Subjects without back pain and leg-related disease (e.g. arthritis, etc.) from three different age groups (childhood, adolescence, and adulthood) were recruited for the study. Five polymer insole materials were considered: Chloroprene Rubber (CR foam), Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM foam), Natural Latex foam, Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA foam), and Polyurethane (PU foam). From these materials, 20 combinations were prepared and randomly tested for noise and vibration. The results revealed a significant difference in noise and vibration levels based on the type of material used and the age of the subject. Nevertheless, all materials under consideration successfully reduced noise and vibration; in particular, type A-C greatly decreased. The CR foam material was especially effective at noise and vibration reduction (p<.01). This study suggests that adding insoles into socks that children wear at home could reduce noise vibration and disputes between floors.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.113-122
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• 2015

Objective : The purpose of this study was to analyze the foot-pressure distribution of 2D(2 dimensional form) & 3D(3 dimensional form; a customized arch-fit for posture correction) insoles for assessing their biomechanical functionality. Background : Recently there has been increased interest in both foot health and foot pain patients. Analysis of the plantar pressure was often used to solve the problems of the foot displayed by such people as rheumatoid arthritis patients. Method : Subjects who participated in this study were 17 female university students who had no previous injury experience in lower limbs and a normal gait pattern. The shoe size of all subjects was 240 mm. Two models of insoles of 2D(typical flat insole - 2 dimensional form) and 3D(special production - 3 dimensional form) were selected for the test. Using the Pedar-X system and Pedar-X insoles, 4.0 km/h of walking speed, and a compilation of 50 steps walking stages were used to analyze foot-pressure distribution. Results : Results of the foot-pressure distribution and biomechanical functionality on each insole were as follows; analyses of mean plantar pressure, maximum plantar pressure, maximum vertical GRF, and plantar pressure curve shape all showed overall low plantar pressure and GRF. Conclusion : This can be evaluated as an excellent insole for low levels on the plantar pressure and GRF. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that according to this analysis the 3D Customized Arch-fit Insole was better than 2D insole on the basis of these criteria.