• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.1672-1681
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• 2002

To evaluate the thermal environments and the workload of farmers in the rice field in summer, this study investigated rice farmers' physiological, psychological responses, work postures, work clothes, air temperature and air humidity during the spraying pesticide in the rice field. Five career farmers (3 males, 2 females) volunteered as the subjects. During the spraying pesticide in the rice field, physiological responses were monitored continuously. The results were as follows. l. Farmers wore only raincoats not pesticide-proof clothing. 2. The value of WBGT, rectal temperature($T_{re}$), mean skin temperature(${\={T}}_{sk}$) were $24.9∼28.9^{\circ}C,\;37.8({\pm}0.3)^{\circ}C\;and\;33.6({\pm}0.6)^{\circ}C$, respectively. Clothing microclimate temperature($T_{cl}$) on the chest and back were $32.5({\pm}2.6)^{\circ}C\;and\;33.6({\pm}2.6)^{\circ}C$, respectively(p<0.00l). Humidity inside of the clothing ($H_{cl}$) was over 80%RH and heart rate(HR) was 112(${\pm}27$)bpm. We evaluated that the spraying pesticide was 'heavy work' by the Tre and HR. To four subjective questionnaires, all farmers expressed 'hard, hot, humid and uncomfortable' without individual difference at the end of works. We suggested that 1) the spraying pesticide in the rice field was a heavy work, 2) because the workload of farmers in the raincoat/pesticide-proof clothing can't be evaluated by only WBGT, assessors should measure physiological, psychological responses as well as thermal environments, 3) to alleviate farmers' heat strain, clothing manufacturers must consider not only the improvement of textile materials and clothing weight but also the designing of personal cooling equipment.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.122-128
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• 2010

This study examined several dyeing properties, physiological responses and comfort sensation of cotton knit underwear dyed with bamboo charcoal. The cotton knit underwear dyed with bamboo charcoal and treated with chitosan showed 99.9% antibacterial property and improved deodorization, and colorfastness. Eight children with atopic dermatitis worn underwear dyed with bamboo charcoal during 4 months. Their parents reported fewer itches of children. Wearing cotton knit underwear dyed with bamboo charcoal and non-dyed with bamboo charcoal respectively, these eight children rested for 20 minutes, then exercised for 10 minutes, and then rested for 30 minutes in the room maintained $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and $50{\pm}5%R.H.$ Children's rectal temperature, skin temperature and microclimate inside garment of two types of cotton knit underwear were compared. As a result, the rectal temperature and skin temperature were higher when children were wearing underwear dyed with bamboo charcoal than non-dyed underwear. The microclimate temperature and microclimate humidity at the back of children were lower when children with underwear dyed with bamboo charcoal exercised and recovered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.946-954
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• 1995

The purpose of this study is to modify the hydrophobic property and dyeability of polyethylene terephthalate fiber. Methacrylic acid (2nA) was graftpolymerized with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator onto polyethylene terephthalate fabrics. The results were as follow; 1. Graft-polymerization exhibited maximum graft ratio at a temperature of 100"C. 2. The polymer was gradually grafted in great amount to the surface of MA-g-PET as graft ration increase; with the cross-section examination of MA-g-PET, it was discovered that graft-polymeriation had also taken place inside the textile core. 3. Dyes absorption of basic dyes and disperse dyes was improved as craft ratio increase; with resistance to laundering, the former showed grade 3-4 and the latter showed grade 5.de 5.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 1997

In this study we tried to give a decision on propriety of working conditions, to present ideas on reducing work loads, and to grope for efficiency of agricultural works. For this we examined the actual working conditions of cultivating welsh onion in the summer ground. And we improved harmful factors that affect farmer's health by considering results of previous study and farmer's subjective sensation. And we measured. compared, and analyzed the farmer's work loads before and after improvement. The results of this study are as follows ; 1. According to examine the actual working conditions of cultivating welsh onion in the summer ground, farmers have experienced physical and mental chronic fatigue on the basis of farmer's appel to eye - fatigue and sun - burned skin on hot working environment including excessive ultraviolet rays, the rough ground condition, inconsistent arrangement of working stand and sorter, heavy - weared habits, and unsuitable working posture. 2. When we improved harmful factors that affect farmer's health, conformed the effects on important work efficiency index such as heart rate, electromyovolume, body temperature, and microclimate inside clothing and work loads were decreased by eliminating the hillock and obstacles of ground, decreasing the clothing weight, using proper clothing appliances such as hat and sunglasses, controlling height of working stand and sorter suitably, improving the working postures and methods as using assistant appliances, alloting the working time and sequence effectively and presenting the light gymnastic exercises and rest for fatigue restoration.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.12 no.1 s.26
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• pp.81-91
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• 1988

The purpose of this study is to investigate the physiolosical responses and subjective wear sensation to the clothes with different cellulose composition. The experimental garments were four types of cellulosic fabrics, respectively composed of $100\%$-cotton, $100\%$-Rayon, cotton/Flax 85/15, and rayon/Flax 85/15 (weft blended), were sewn in blouses with half-length sleeves. Four healthy women were chosen for this experiment. The condition of the experimental room were in two environments: Temp., $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, R.H. $60{\pm}3\%$ and Temp., $30{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, R.H. $70{\pm}3\%$, and air velocity was maintained at 0.25 m/sec. The results are as follows. 1) At $25^{\circ}C$, rayon blouse showed the pleasantest feeling because of its excellent humidity sensation and tactile sensation. At $30^{\circ}C$, rayon and flax blended blouse showed most comportable sensation. In both environments, blouse of $100\%$ cotton showed the least pleasant because of high vapor pressure inside the blouse and bad tactile sensation. 2) Vapor pressure inside the blouse and tactile sensation play the most impotant role in comfort. Consequantly the blouse made of $100\%$-cotton which bring low air permeability, moisture regain and water vapor permearbility showed more unpleastness than rayon blouse because it raises temperature, relative humidity and vapor pressure inside the blouse under the hot circumstances In the conditions with much sweat, rayon and flax blended blouse with high stiffness increases comfort better than $100\%$ rayon because the former prevents sticking to the skin.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.2 no.5
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• pp.411-415
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• 2000

To be able to work safely and efficiency, the Threshold Limit Values (TLV) for work in the heat are widely used. Since these TLV are only applicable to workers in regular clothing, TLV should be adjusted when applied to the asbestos removal workers who wear extra impermeable protective clothing. Although abbreviated guidelines for heat stress exposure have been proposed, literature advocating their use in the asbestos removal industry is limited. Therefore, we planed a survey to evaluate the workload of asbestos abatement workers in summer, and an experiment with climatic chambers to evaluate the effects of resting in a cool environment between work periods. From these studies, we got following conclusions. There is a high risk of suffering from heat illness by asbestos abatement work in summer in Japan. It is proposed to create a cool room inside the workplace of asbestos abatement work to reduce thermal stress.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.14 no.1 s.33
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• pp.20-30
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• 1990

In order to investigate the mechanism of the formation of clothing microclimate with different blouse designs and materials, physiological and subjective sensational changes were measured. Experimental clothing were four types of blouse made of $100\%$ cotton, $100\%$ regular polyes­ter, and $100\%$ hygroscopic polyester. Four types of box style blouse were with stand collar and long sleeve, with stand collar and sleeveless, with long sleeve and collarless, and sleeveless and collarless. Five healthy female were chosen as subjects. Experiments were carried out in the environ­mental chamber controlled at $28{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ , $70{\pm}5\%$ RH. and still-air condition for SO min. The skin temperature (9 spots), oral temperature, humidity inside chest, and subjective sensations were measured. Obtained results are: I) Material which is capable of absorbing sweat effectively and transfering moisture rapidly made a comfortable feeling, because cloth­ing humidity is increasing slowly at this material. 2) During exercise period, covered arms have more influenced on thermal comfort than a covered neck.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.499-509
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of wearing disposable diaper with the endothermic agent on thermoregulatory response of infant. Five healthy female infants aged about 5 months were taken as a subject of this experiment. Experimental diapers were six kinds of disposable diaper constructed of nonwoven tissue, fluff pulp, super absorbent polymer, back sheet film, leg elastic, and 0g urea(A) 1g urea(B) , 2g urea(C), 3g urea (D), 4g urea(E) 5g, urea(F) respectively. Urea(98% or over purity) was used as an endothermic agent. Experiment was proceeded while infants were sleeping at 27.5$\pm$0.5$^{\circ}C$, 50$\pm$5% R.H, 0.04m/sec. Each disposable diaper's properties was tested. During the experiment rectal temperature skin temperature of 9 areas temperature inside the disposable diapers were measured, the results were as follows : 1) There was not significant difference among the diapers in absorption capacity retention capacity and rewet(p=0.05). The absorption under load was showed to A, B,

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.767-775
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• 2004

In order to evaluate physiological responses and comfort sensation of the developed thermoregulating textile material, polyester knit fabric was treated with phase change material (PCM) microcapsules by printing. Ten male subjects wearing an experimental best with and without PCMs were seated for 20 minutes, then exercised for 20 minutes, and then seated for 30 minutes in the chamber which was controlled under the temperatures of 20$\pm$1$^{\circ}C$, 50$\pm$5%R.H. The subject's skin temperature, microclimate inside garment and comfort sensation of two experimental bests were compared one another. As a result, the rectal temperature, skin temperature and mean skin temperature were similar in the two groups, and the subjects were not able to perceive the differences in comfort of the two experimental bests. However, the effect of PCM microcapsule could be seen from microclimate temperature and humidity. The microclimate temperature of the PCM garment at chest was significantly higher during exercise. The microclimate humidity of the PCM garment at chest was significantly lower during exercise and rest.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.363-373
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• 2016

This study aims to develop an all-fabric integrated smart jacket in order to create a temperature-regulating system based on a user experience design. For this research, previous research technologies of a textile switch interface and a temperature-regulating system were utilized and a unifying technology for the all-fabric integrated smart jacket was developed which can provide the appropriate temperature environments to the human body. A self-heating textile was applied at the areas of the back and hood in the final tested jacket, and an embroidery circuit was developed in the form of a rectangle in the back and in both ears of the hood, taking into account the pattern of the jacket part where it was be applied and the embroidery production method. The textile switch interface was designed in a three-layer structure: an embroidery circuit line in a conductive yarn, an interval material, and a conductive sensing material, and it was made to work with the input and output sensors through the multiple input method. After the all-fabric integrated smart jacket was produced according to the pattern, all of the textile band lines for transmission were gathered and connected with a miniature module for controlling temperature and then integrated into the inside of the left chest pocket of the jacket. After the users put on this jacket, they were asked to assess the wearing satisfaction. Most of them reported a very low level of irritation and discomfort and said that the jacket was as comfortable as everyday clothing.