• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-4
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• 2006

The biological qualities of green, black, and oolong teas were monitored by observing their microbial decontamination and insect disinfestation following gamma irradiation (0-10 kGy) and fumigation (MeBr or $PH_3$) during 6-month storage at room temperature. Plodia interpunctella Hubner was found as an important quarantine pest in teas used. In a comparative study, both treatments were found to be effective in disinfecting the stored samples. An irradiation dose of 5 kGy was sufficient to control all microorganisms related to the quality of teas, while fumigation with methyl bromide and phosphine showed no appreciable decontamination effect on the microorganisms. As a result, irradiation was found an effective alternative to fumigants for the improvement of biological tea qualities during storage.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.351-354
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• 2008

Anaphylaxis is an acute systemic reaction caused by IgE-mediated immunological release of mediators from mast cells and basophils to allergenic triggers, such as food, insect venoms, and medications. An alternative definition was recently proposed as follows: anaphylaxis is a "condition caused by an IgE mediated reaction" that is "often life threatening and almost always unanticipated." The reaction can be severe enough to lead to the rapid onset of symptoms, including dizziness, upper airway occlusion, bronchial constriction, hypotension, urticaria, cardiovascular arrhythmias and possible cardiac arrest. The incidence or prevalence of anaphylaxis in Korean pediatrics has not known. Thus, Epidemiology of Anaphylaxis in Pediatrics based on the data from Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (KHIRA) from 2001 to 2007 and questionnaire to the member of Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease (KAPARD) who are working at the training hospitals was studied. The incidence of anaphylaxis under age 19 is 0.7-1.0 per 100,000 year-person. The causes of anaphylaxis based on data from KHIRA were unknown (61.7%), food (24.9%), medications (12.4%), and serum (1.0%).

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.355-359
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• 2016

During a survey of fungal diversity in insect guts in Korea, two fungal strains, EML-PGH2 and EML-PUKI88, were isolated from the gut of grasshopper and soldier fly larvae inhabiting the bulrush plants at a pond located in the Chonnam National University Arboretum, Gwangju, Korea. Based on their morphological characteristics and a phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S rDNA sequences, the strains were identified as Blakeslea trispora. To our knowledge, the zygomycete species B. trispora has not been previously described in Korea.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.69-74
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• 2010

Feeding is an important aspect of insect nutrition which in turn supports growth, development, reproduction and survival. The impact of quantitative feeding on nutritional parameters of fifth instar Antheraea mylitta larvae was studied by providing fresh leaves of Terminalia tomentosa for 1 to 4 times a day. All the parameters improved upon providing fresh diets more times over the single diet (1FD). The absolute body weight increased with increase in number of feeds/day significantly (P<0.001). While the maximum weight recorded was 29.61 g in 1FD, the respective weights for two feeds/day (2FD), three feeds/day (3FD) and four feeds/day (4FD) were 39.41 g, 40.63 g and 42.66 g respectively. Feeding period and instar duration were declined (P<0.001) and survival increased significantly (P<0.001) upon increase in the number of diets. Nutritional indices like ingestion, digestion, relative consumption rate (RCR), relative growth rate (RGR) and gain in body weight increased significantly with the increase in number of feeds/day, but approximate digestibility (AD) and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) declined, while efficiency of conversion of digested food (ECD) did not change.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.93-119
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• 2014

Tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is a polyphagous silk producing forest silkworm of commercial importance in India. Forest dependent people rear its larvae on different forestry host plants twice or thrice in a year for small household income. Larvae of A. mylitta feeds on many forest tree species, but always show a great degree of selectivity as a function of its behavioural responses to physical structure and chemical features of the host plants. Cocoon crop of A. mylitta is influenced by heterogeneity of tasar food plants and climatic conditions of the habitat. The role of host plants, temperature, humidity, rainfall, photoperiod and climatic variables on the growth and development of insects have clearly been demonstrated. This article entails an in-depth analysis on ecological and nutritional aspects of A. mylitta, which may provide selective information to researcher and forest managers, who are particularly associated with livelihood improvement of the poor people in forested area through location specific forest insect industry.

• Entomological Research
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.348-353
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• 2018

A new whitefly species, Pealius yunnanensissp. nov., collected from Mengzi, Caoba village (Yunnan, China) on Ficus microcarpa Linn. f. (Urticales: Moraceae), is described with morphology, line illustrations, photographs and scanning electron microscope images. In addition, a checklist of Chinese species of Pealius is provided and all Pealius species recorded from Ficus around the world are listed. Specimens have been deposited in the Insect Collection of Zhejiang Agriculture & Forestry University (ZAFU), Lin'an, China.

• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 2021

The reexamination of the fungal genus Botryosphaeria on 12 plant species of 10 families was carried out based on molecular phylogenetic analyses using the regions of translation elongation factor 1-α, β-tubulin, DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit, and internal transcribed spacer region of rDNA and morphological characteristics. Japanese isolates were divided into five clades and include Botryosphaeria dothidea, B. qingyuanensis, B. sinensis, and Botryosphaeria spp. Two species, B. qingyuanensis and B. sinensis have been newly added to the Japanese mycoflora, but their host plants are not specified. Botryosphaeria tenuispora isolated from Leucothoe fontanesiana and insect galls on fruits of Aucuba japonica has been proposed as a new species.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.712-723
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• 2016

This paper is to suggest the methods about the environmental risk assessment (ERA) based on non-target insect species for LM rice crop produced by biotechnology. We used some data by the picture dictionary of agricultural pests in Korea, some books for ERA or rice pest ecology, articles about rice ecology, and internet sites and many specialists gave us good advice for this ERA system. We found about 140 insect species using rice crop as their habitat and we discriminated herbivores into Sap feeder, Grain feeder, Defoliator, and Pollen feeder according to their food functional group. We also clarified the potential damage possibility of insect species from LM rice crop. Then, we ranked 10 non-target insect species (Baliothrips biformis, Laodelphax striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens, Mythimna separata, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis, Cletus schmidti Kiritshenko, Scotinophara lurida, Nilaparvata bakeri, Oxya chinensis, Agromyza oryzae) with giving some scores using Geographic distribution, Habitat specialization, Prevalence on crop, Abundance. We showed some environmental risk hypotheses about herbivore, predator, and parasitoid, and infered the impacts of non-target species on LM rice crop. Conclusively, we want to serve this methodology to build the biosafety system from biotechnology crops, and the methodology is to keep public health, sustain the biodiversity, and conserve the natural ecosystems.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2013

A total of 48 different volatile oils were identified form P. brevitarsis larvae by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Acids (48.67%) were detected as the major group in P. brevitarsis larvae comprising the largest proportion of the volatile compounds, followed by esters (19.84%), hydrocarbons (18.90%), alcohols (8.37%), miscellaneous (1.71%), aldehydes (1.35%) and terpenes (1.16%). The major volatile constituents were 9-hexadecenoic acid (16.75%), 6-octadecenoic acid (14.88%) and n-hexadecanoic acid (11.06%). The composition of fatty acid was also determined by GC analysis and 16 fatty acids were identified. The predominant fatty acids were oleic acid ($C_{18:1}$, 64.24%) followed by palmitic acid ($C_{16:0}$, 15.89%), palmitoleic acid ($C_{16:1}$, 10.43%) and linoleic acid ($C_{18:2}$, 4.69%) constituting more than 95% of total fatty acids. The distinguished characteristic of the fatty acid profile of P. brevitarsis larvae was the high proportion of unsaturated fatty acid (80.54% of total fatty acids) versus saturated fatty acids (19.46% of total fatty acids). Furthermore, small but significant amounts of linoleic, linolenic and ${\gamma}$-linolenic acids bestow P. brevitarsis larvae with considerable nutritional value. The novel findings of the present study provide a scientific basis for the comprehensive utilization of the insect as a nutritionally promising food source and a possibility for more effective utilization.

• Mycobiology
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2018

Mon1 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor subunit that activates the Ypt7 Rab GTPase and is essential for vacuole trafficking and autophagy in eukaryotic organisms. Here, we identified and characterized the function of Mon1, an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mon1, in a human fungal pathogen, Cryptococcus neoformans. Mutation in mon1 resulted in hypersensitivity to thermal stress. The mon1 deletion mutant exhibited increased sensitivity to cell wall and endoplasmic reticulum stress. However, the mon1 deletion mutant showed more resistance to the antifungal agent fluconazole. In vivo studies demonstrated that compared to the wild-type strain, the mon1 deletion mutant attenuated virulence in the Galleria mellonella insect model. Moreover, the mon1 deletion mutant was avirulent in the murine inhalation model. These results demonstrate that Mon1 plays a crucial role in stress survival and pathogenicity in C. neoformans.