• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권5호
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• pp.593-601
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• 2009

Forest disturbances including forest fire, insect pests and diseases, landslides, and forest conversion from 1976 to 2005 were investigated to trace the changes of major forest disturbance agents and their characteristics over time in accordance with changes in natural and social environment in South Korea. While the damaged area by insect pests and diseases continuously decreased for the past 30 years, damaged areas by forest fire and landslide were fluctuating through years. The interval of large forest fires has become shorter with increased tree volume. The precipitation between January and April were significantly correlated with large fire occurrences as Pearson's correlation coefficient -0.400 (P=0.029). The composition of major insect pests and diseases damaging Korean forests has been changed continuously, and become more diversified. While damages by pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis) and pine needle gall midge (Thecodiplosis japonensis) decreased, damage by introduced pests has been more serious recently. The change of precipitation pattern that brought more localized heavy rain or powerful typhoon resulted in the recent increase in landslide areas. The major land uses to induce forest conversion have been changed, reflecting the changes in industrial structure in South Korea as agriculture and mining in 1970s, mining and golf ranges classified in pasture in 1980s, and road and housing construction in 1990s and 2000s. Changes in forest disturbance patterns in South Korea show that a country's industrial development is jointly working with global warming on forest stand dynamics. Altering energy structure and land use pattern induced by industrial development accumulates forest volume and reforms microenvironments on forest floor, interacting with climate change, inducing shorter interval of large forest fire and changes in major species composition of forest insect pests and diseases.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2024

We introduce a method for preserving yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus) larvae for an extended period and show that a high percentage of larvae can survive in good health under low-temperature storage conditions combined with specific diapause termination conditions. Our study revealed that we can regulate important development stages such as pupation, emergence, and larval duration by adjusting these termination conditions. When storing larvae aged 6-8 weeks for 140 days, the storage temperature can be varied based on our goals, giving us control over yellow mealworm production to meet specific demands. To produce adult beetles, storing larvae at 15 ℃ with wheat bran and ending diapause at 30 ℃ resulted in 90% pupation rate, with 60% becoming adults in 21 days. If our aim is larvae production, storing them at 10-12 ℃ with wheat bran and ending diapause at 25-30 ℃ allows the larvae to reach a suitable weight for processing. This straightforward approach ensures long-term storage of yellow mealworm larvae and provides a practical way to control their development, allowing efficient mass production tailored to market demands.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.15-23
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• 2016

One major constraint in the development and implementation of a successful and cost-effective area-wide integrated pest management (AW-IPM) programme with a SIT component for Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae) is the ability to produce a large number of high quality mass-reared individuals. The aim of this study was to develop a more efficient and practical egg collection system in an attempt to improve the mass-rearing of this species. The following basic parameters were examined: egg production per female, egg hatch, pupal recovery, pupal weight, adult emergence and percentage of fliers. Three different strains (Israel wild-type, France wild-type, and Greece laboratory) were tested and each strain was evaluated for six generations. Female flies of the Israel strain produced significantly more eggs per female than the other two strains, but egg hatch was significantly lower. Egg hatch of the France wild type and the Greece laboratory strain was similar. For all other parameters, there was no significant difference between strains; however, there was a significant generational effect for all parameters observed. As a result of this study, a protocol was developed for the mass-rearing of this species that included the use of large adult holding cages that could house up to 96,000 flies per cage. The newly developed method of egg collection using a flat wax panel as one of the sides of an adult holding cage proved to be cost-effective, efficient, making colony growth easier for industrial mass-rearing.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2014년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.316-319
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• 2014

전 세계적으로 커피시장이 커짐에 따라서 커피에 대한 사람들의 관심도 또한 커지고 있는 추세이다. 이러한 추세 속에서 사람들의 입맛이 더욱 고급스러워지고 커피의 맛을 결정하는 커피 원두가 중요시 되고 있다. 하지만 현재는 불량원두를 사람이 직접 보고 검출을 하고 있는데, 이는 커피 원두에 대한 전문적 지식이 있는 사람만이 할 수가 있는 작업이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 기계학습을 이용한 불량원두 검출 시스템을 제안한다. 이 시스템에서는 불량 원두의 종류 중 큰 비율을 차지하는 원두의 모양과 Insect Damage에 대한 불량 검출에 중점을 두었다. 기계학습의 방법으로 Convolutional Neural Network를 사용하였고, 원두의 모양을 검출할 신경망과 Insect Damage를 검출할 신경망 두 개로 구성되어 있다. Insect Damage에 대한 불량을 검출할 때에는 카메라의 노출시간을 길게 하여 원두의 어두운 구멍을 더 돋보이게 하여 데이터를 만들어 신경망을 구축하였다. 이 시스템의 개발로 인하여 사람이 직접 불량 원두를 검출하는 작업을 자동화 시스템으로 전환할 수 있는 시발점이 될 수 있을 것이고, 현재는 원두의 모양과 Insect Damage의 유무만을 중점으로 검출을 하고 있기 때문에, 추후에 다른 여러 가지의 불량에 대해 검출할 수 있는 연구가 필요하다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.84-97
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• 1983

Under the limited arable land, the enhancement of agricultural productivity is indispensable to provide the food demand which is concomitant with the rapid increase in population. From this viewpoint, the upbringing and dissemination of high-yielding varieties has been promoted continuously and several modifications in cultural practices, including heavy fertilization, dense planting, and early transplanting, also have been gradually developed. However these changes in cultivation have led to the increased outbreak of insect pests and diseases. And this unexpected results have accelerated the number and complexity of pesticides employed as well as their consumption. Even though pesticides are essential materials contributing to the steady production of agricultural crops, large scale consumption of them has given rise to several adverse impacts, such as mammalian hazard and/or environmental contamination. In this respect, recent development of new pesticides has been concentrated on 'safe pesticide', as it were, that has the highly selective properties without unfavorable side influences on other ecosystem. According to literature cited up to now, feasibilities of safe pesticide development would be summarized as two categories. One of them is the development of chemical pesticides, which include the molecular structure modification of established pesticides for increased safety and synthesis of new safe chemicals which can attack the vulnerable point of physio-ecological characteristics in insect pests and diseases. The other is the biological pesticides which comprise natural enemies and microorganisms to act selectively on confined insect pests and diseases, In addition, improvement of physico-chemical properties of available pesticide formulations would be one of the desirable means for safe pesticide development in view of efficacy enhancement and minimization of hazardous properties or safe pesticide development, various approaches are feasible and needed to study, however, long period and much financial outlay are necessary to develop a new item. And under the present situation in Korea, there are many difficulties for performing research on all the possible routes. Therefore, combined pesticides by the reasonable combination of already registered resticides evaluated as the fairly safe pesticides and safe formulation based on their physico-chemical properties would be developed primarily. And many efforts would be given gradually for the development of new chemical and biological pesticides.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2020년도 제62차 하계학술대회논문집 28권2호
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• pp.577-578
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 흰점박이꽃무지 사육농가 및 사육환경에 대해 일반농가의 실태를 조사·분석하여 식용곤충 사육시설에 대한 기초 연구자료를 수집하기 위한 것이다. 전국에 곤충사육 농가로 등록한 업체 중에서 흰점박이꽃무지를 사육하는 농가 17농가를 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하여 농장운영 및 시설·장치 현황 등을 조사하였으며, 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 일반적으로 곤충사육 농가는 대부분 농가형으로 운영되고 있지만, 생산업, 유통업 및 가공업 등으로 신고하여 곤충사육 농가에서 직접 생산, 가공 및 제품 개발 등을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 대부분의 곤충사육 농가는 판넬 형식의 건축물 내에서 냉·난방기를 가동하여 곤충의 생육환경을 조성하고 있으며, 필요에 따라 IoT 기반의 사양관리 장치 및 운영관리 시스템을 활용하고 있는 것으로 파악되었는데, 식용곤충 대량생산을 위한 사양관리 장치 및 생산 기반시설 구축은 여전히 부족한 상황으로 개선이 필요해 보인다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2017

곤충의 온도발육모형은 해충의 발생예찰모형을 비롯한 개체군모형에서 기본이 되는 요소이다. 본고에서는 곤충의 온도의존적 비선형 발육모형에 대하여 고찰하였다. 모형의 종류를 크게 경험모형과 생물리적 모형으로 구분하였으며, 수식의 유사성 내지 기원에 대한 유연관계에 따라 세분하였다. 발육률 곡선의 형태적 묘사에 적합한 수식을 적용하는 경험모형은 Stinner-계열, Logan-계열, 수행모형, 그리고 베타 분포모형으로 세분화하여 고찰하였다. 촉매반응을 바탕으로 하고 있는 생물리적 모형은 Eyring-모형, SM-모형, SS-모형, SSI-모형으로 이어지는 단계통으로 분류하였다. 본 연구에 포함된 각 모형의 개발과정과 형태적합 특성에 대하여 기술하였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.160-171
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• 2017

Larvae of Bradysia agrestis, an insect vector that transports plant pathogens, were sampled from geographically isolated regions in Korea to identify their cutaneous fungal and bacterial flora. Sampled areas were chosen within the distribution range of B. agrestis; each site was more than 91 km apart to ensure geographical segregation. We isolated 76 microbial (fungi and bacteria) strains (site 1, 29; site 2, 29; site 3, 18 strains) that were identified on the basis of morphological differences. Species identification was molecularly confirmed by determination of universal fungal internal transcribed spacer and bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences in comparison to sequences in the EzTaxon database and the NCBI GenBank database, and their phylogenetic relationships were determined. The fungal isolates belonged to 2 phyla, 5 classes, and 7 genera; bacterial species belonged to 23 genera and 32 species. Microbial diversity differed significantly among the geographical groups with respect to Margalef's richness (3.9, 3.6, and 4.5), Menhinick's index (2.65, 2.46, and 3.30), Simpson's index (0.06, 0.12, and 0.01), and Shannon's index (2.50, 2.17, and 2.58). Although the microbial genera distribution or diversity values clearly varied among geographical groups, common genera were identified in all groups, including the fungal genus Cladosporium, and the bacterial genera Bacillus and Rhodococcus. According to classic principles of co-evolutionary relationship, these genera might have a closer association with their host insect vector B. agrestis than other genera identified. Some cutaneous bacterial genera (e.g., Pseudomonas) displaying weak interdependency with insect vectors may be hazardous to agricultural environments via mechanical transmission via B. agrestis. This study provides comprehensive information regarding the cutaneous microflora of B. agrestis, which can help in the control of such pests for crop management.

• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.51-67
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• 2007

본 연구는 골프장의 조경수에 피해를 주는 해충의 종류와 피해를 조사하여 골프장 조경수 해충관리의 기초 자료를 제공하고자 경남 양산의 통도골프장과 진해의 용원골프장, 경북 경산의 대구골프장, 부산 금정의 동래베네스트골프장에서 수행하였다. 조사지 골프장의 22목 33과 54속 88종의 조경수에서 확인 된 해충은 6목 34과 44속 60종이었다. 대부분의 조경수에서는 2종 이하의 해충이 확인되었으나 아까시나무, 벚나무, 밤나무, 떡갈나무, 굴참나무에서는 5종 이상의 해충이 확인되었다. 대부분의 해충들은 2종 이하의 조경수를 가해하였으나 주둥무늬차색풍뎅이는 41속 67종의 조경수에서 피해가 확인되었다. 조사 골프장의 조경수에서는 딱정벌레목과 매미목 해충이 36.4%와 36.3%로 많이 발생하고 있었다. 발생 빈도가 높은 해충은 9%였고 매우 드물게 발생한 해충은 73%였다. 섭식형태별 해충의 비율은 저작형이 49%, 흡즙형 해충이 51%였다.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 2000년도 Proceedings of 2000 KSAM International Symposium and Spring Meeting
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• pp.201-207
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• 2000

The strategies of commercial development have been focused on the economy of scale for a process. The design of media has been recognized as a key in assuring mass production of entomopathogenic nematodes. Media optimization was conducted with insect host, proteins, lipids, and symbiotic bacteria mass. G. mellonella (insect host) produced about 290,000 infective juveniles per one. Complex media produced about 250,000 infective juveniles / ml in liquid culture within 8 days (one generation).