• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2008

Physical properties of water, such as dielectric constant and ionic product, significantly vary with the density of water. In the supercritical conditions, since density of water widely varies with pressure, pressure has a strong influence on physical properties of water. Dielectric constant represents a character of water as a solvent, which determines solubility of an inorganic compound including metal oxides. Dissociation equilibrium of an acid is also strongly dependent on water density. Dissociation constant of acid rises with increased density of water, resulting in drop of pH. Density of water and the density-related physical properties of water, therefore, are the major governing factors of corrosion and environmentally assisted cracking of metals in supercritical aqueous solutions. This paper discusses importance of "physical properties of water" in understanding corrosion and cracking behavior of alloys in supercritical water environments, based on experimental data and estimated solubility of metal oxides. It has been pointed out that the water density can have significant effects on stress corrosion cracking (SCC) susceptibility of metals in supercritical water, when dissolution of metal plays the key role in the cracking phenomena.

• 청정기술
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.37-44
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• 2006

산화 무기화합물 및 탄소흡착제와 음이온교환수지를 이용하여 폐수 중의 중금속이온을 분리, 제거하는 특성에 대해 연구하였다. 이를 위하여 DT사에서 제조된 산화 무기화합물인 DT-30, 음이온 교환수지인 DT-60, 탄소화합물로써 DT-80, DT-90을 이용하여 코발트(Cobalt)이온, 세슘(Cesium)이온 및 요오드(Iodide)이온의 평형 분리특성 및 이온교환 탑에서 연속 실험 시 분리특성에 대하여 연구하였다. 그 결과 DT-30은 세슘, DT-80, DT-90은 코발트, DT-60은 요오드에 대해서 우수한 분리특성을 나타내었다. 평형 실험에서 DT-30은 세슘에 대해 온도 증가에 따라 흡착량의 미세한 증가를 보였고, pH변화에 따라 흡착량이 크게 변화되었다. DT-80도 코발트에 대해 pH에 따라 평형 흡착량이 변화하였으나 온도의 변화에는 거의 영향을 받지 않았다. DT-60의 요오드 이온에 대한 평형 흡착량은 pH 또는 온도 변화에 영향을 거의 받지 않았다. 이온교환 탑을 이용하여 연속적으로 중금속 함유 용액을 통과시키면서 실험한 결과에서도 DT-30의 세슘, DT-90의 코발트, DT-60의 요오드에 대한 분리 특성이 좋은 것이 관찰되었다. 이 경우 DT-30의 세슘에 대한 분리특성 및 DT-60의 요오드에 대한 분리특성이 DT-90의 코발트에 대한 분리특성보다 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 이온분리특성에 미치는 불순물의 영향에 대한 조사에서 DT-90은 계면활성제나 오일 등의 불순물에 의해 큰 영향을 받지 않았으나 DT-30은 계면활성제, 오일 등의 존재에 의해 이온분리성능이 크게 저하되었고 DT-60도 계면활성제의 영향을 크게 받는 것으로 관찰되어서 불순물을 전처리 공정에서 제거하는 것이 매우 중요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 오토저널
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1985

This study is focused on deposition process leading to inefficiency and hot corrosion in fossil fuel-fired furnaces and engines. An improved understanding of the coupled thermodynamics, kinetics, and transport processes governing the deposition rate of inorganic oxides and salts from hot gases containing these compounds can suggest more efficient test strategies and control measures. Accordingly, an optical re-evaporation method for accurately measuring the growth rate of deposits under laboratory burner conditions has been developed. To demonstrate the technique and provide data suitable for theoretical model development, a deliberately simple chemical system and target geometry are used. Potassium sulfate(K$_{2}$SO$_{4}$)is introduced into a premixed propane-air flat flame at atmospheric pressure. The growth rate of $K_{2}$SO$_{4}$ on an electrically heated Pt ribbon is measured by re-evaporation technique.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.7-15
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• 1994

As raw materials, the inorganic pigments, such as mica, talc and some metal oxides were mainly used in Make-Up cosmetics. Some other polymerics, organics and functional pigments were also used to cope with the various consumer's demends. Recently, excellent sliding, adhensivness, coverture and UV cutting properties were strongly required in Make-Up cosmetics. According to these demends, it needs to understand the functional properties of each pigment and consider the proper use for some purpose. And so, this report introduce the properties of inorganics, polymerics and functional pigments and their application fields for Make-Up cosmetics.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2019

Study on the structure and dynamics of molecules at the atomic level is of great significance for understanding their function and stability as well as roles for various chemico-physical and biological processes. $^{17}O$ NMR spectroscopy has appeared as an elegant technique for investigating of the physicochemical and structural properties of oxygen-containing compounds such as metal organic frameworks and nanosized oxides. This method has drawn much attention as it provides unique insights into the properties of targets based on atomistic information of local oxygen environments which is otherwise difficult to obtain using other methods. In this mini review, we introduce and discuss the recent study and developments of $^{17}O$ NMR techniques which are tailored for the investigation on the structure and dynamics of water and inorganic materials.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.357-362
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• 1999

ZnO varistors containing cobalt, praseodymium and calcium oxides were prepared. The current-voltage charcteristics and microstructures of the specimens were investigated with respect to calcium addition and sintering temperature. The potential barrier heights and the carrier densities were estimated from C-V relations. The compatibility of Ag-Pd as an internal electrode for multilayer chip varistor was also examined.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.257-261
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• 1970

Some factors such as the weight ratio, reaction time and temperature for the separation of rare earth elements from monazite are studied. The influence of the inorganic phosphate for the leaching is also studied.

• 청정기술
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.162-171
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 유기산, 무기산, 여러 첨가제들을 이용하여 옥내급수관의 스케일 제거에 적합한 환경친화적인 세정제를 개발하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 여러 유기산 중에서 oxalic acid, citric acid, malic acid 등의 경우 산화철 제거에 비교적 좋은 효율을 보였다. 이들 유기산들을 주축으로 하여 보조제를 첨가하여 옥내급수관 스케일의 주성분인 산화철 제거 평가실험을 하였다. 여러 첨가제 중에 비이온 계면활성제가 산화철 제거력 향상에 매우 뛰어남을 확인할 수 있었다. 그리고 산화철에 대해 높은 용해력을 보인 두 종류의 배합세정제 $F_1$과 $F_2$를 제조하였는데 배합세정제 $F_1$의 경우 유기산과 첨가제로만 이루어져 있어 기존의 화학세척제에 비하여 안전하고 환경친화적이지만 비교적 산화철 용해력이 조금 떨어졌고, $F_2$의 경우는 $F_1$에 무기산을 소량 첨가함으로 산화철 용해력을 보완해 줌으로써 보다 높은 산화철 세정력을 필요로 할 때 사용하는 것이 좋을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 옥내급수관 세정 시 스케일의 정도에 따라 배합후보 세정제를 선택하는 것이 바람직하다고 판단된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제42권8호
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• pp.532-536
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• 2005

Thermal shock resistance of structural ceramics is a property that is difficult to quantity, and as such is usually expressed in terms of a number of empirical resistance parameters. These are dependant on the conditions imposed, but one method that can be used is the examination of density, Young's modulus and thermal expansion retention after quenching. For high temperature applications, long-annealing thermal durability, cycle thermal stability and residual mechanical properties are very important if these materials are to be used between $1000^{\circ}C$ and $1300^{\circ}C$. In this study, an excellent thermal shock-resistant material based on $Al_2TiO_5-mullite$ composites of various compositions was fabricated by sintering reaction from the individual oxides and adjusting the composition of $Al_2O_3TiO_2/SiO_2$ ratios. The characterization of the damage induced by thermal shock was done by measuring the evolution of the Young's modulus using ultrasonic analysis, density and thermal expansion coefficients.

• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.183-188
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• 1998

Gas sensitizations of tin oxide film were investigated by measuring the change of film resistance in various gas atmospheres such as $N_2,\; O_2,\; H_2O$. The main test sample, polycrystalline $SnO_2$ film containing small Sb as a dopant was prepared by a sputtering technique and showed a long term stability in base resistance and thus, in gas sensitivity. The adsorption of oxygen on the film surface as a type of $(O_{ads})$ at the temperature of around $300^{\circ}C$ played important roles in sensor operating mechanism. The roles were ⅰ) the increase of base resistance in ambient air, which consequently lead to high sensitivity and ⅱ) the promotion of fast recovery. The reaction of hydrogen gas with the already adsorbed $(O_{ads})$ ions was considered as a decisive sensitization mechanism of tin oxide film. However, the dissociation of hydrogen molecules on film surface, by direct donation of electron to film also took a major part in the sensitization. The effect of humidity on gas sensitization was found to be negligible at the sensor operating temperature of around $300^{\circ}C$.