• 상하수도학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.92-97
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• 2005

This research is to investigate the effect of the dual coagulant using inorganic coagulants($AICl3{\cdot}6H2O$) and polymer on the coagulant process. Jar-test was conducted by using Kaolin injected raw water. PDA(Photometric Dispersion Analyzer) equipment in order to analyze the size of the particles and the characteristics of the shapes. The change in the rate of sample ores' residual deposited after coagulants were also compared. According to the result derived from this experiment, the concentration of inorganic coagulant reduced 50% and the residual was lower by using dual coagulants compared to using single coagulant. However the dual coagulant required sufficient mixing time, and affected particle characteristics, with the effect of the injection order of coagulants, the simultaneous injection of inorganic coagulant and polymer showed the most effective in the particle removal.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.218-223
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• 2000

Color removal of dyeing wastewater is becoming more important due to intensive limitation on color unit of effluent water, so this study was to investigate an efficient color removal of dyeing wastewater. We found that bittern+iron chloride(II) inorganic coagulant developed by Kabool research center is much higher than any other inorganic coagulants for color removal. Optimum pH of this coagulant was 10.5 and removed more than 90% for color removal efficiency. The results showed that COD and color unit of effluent water was average 60mg/L and 200~250 units when continuous activated sludge test after coagulation with this coagulant has done. From the results of the experiments, the application of bittern+iron chloride(II) inorganic coagulant can save the operating cost of wastewater treatment plants.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.331-336
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• 2004

The correlation between polymeric aluminum species of coagulant and its coagulation efficiency was investigated using several commercial polymeric Al(III) inorganic coagulants (Poly Aluminum Hydroxy Chloro Sulfate 2020 (PAHCS2020), Poly Aluminum Hydroxy Chloro Sulfate 2500 (PAHCS2500) which was introduced in Korean water treatment plants. The poly aluminum chloride (PAC), Poly Aluminum Hydroxide Chloride Silicate (PACS)) and the aluminum salts ($AlCl_3$, Alum ($Al_2(SO_4)_3$)) were used for the purpose of comparison. The comparison of the coagulation efficiency of each coagulant was made by turbidity removal through the standard jar testing procedure and the determination of the hydrolytic Al(III) species was made by the ferron method which can differentiate the monomeric aluminum species from the polymeric aluminum species. Overall, PAHCS2020 and PAHCS2500 showed the better performance in turbidity removal than the aluminum salts. The performance of coagulation was even better without adjustment of pH during the coagulation experiment. The positive correlation between polymeric aluminum species of coagulant and coagulation efficiency was found.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.257-263
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• 1998

Alcaligenes eutrophus의 세포배양액(23-210 g dry weight/L)으로부터 균체 회수 효율에 미치는 철계 응집제 첨가 효과에 대해 연구하였다. 응집제로는 무기 응집제인 Fe$_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$과 무기 고분자 응집제인 Ferix-3를 사용하였다. 철계 응집제는 3-13의 넓은 pH 범위에서 응집효과를 나타내었으며, 배양액의 pH가 증가할수록 floc의 크기는 증가하였다. 균체 회수를 위한 배양액의 최적 pH는 10-13이었다. 최적 응집제의 첨가량은 세포농도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였는데, 무기응집제인 Fe$_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$보다는 무기고분자응집제인 Ferix-3이 적은 농도에서 응집 효율이 우수함을 알 수 있었다. 210 g/L의 세포농도 배양액에 Ferix-3을 1300 mg Fe/L를 첨가하면 45$\times$g의 낮은 원심력에 의해 95%이상의 균체를 회수 가능하였다. 응집제의 요구량은 배양액 중의 NH$_4$$^{+}$ 농도에 비례하여 증가하였고, 배양액 중의 NH$_4$$^{+}$ 농도가 1 g 증가하면 응집제가 0.066 g Fe$_3$$^{+}$정도 더 요구되었다.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.107-111
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• 2008

Usually, flow mediation earth and settling pond etc. of processing plant to handle water or wastewater. Mediation is the wastewater that flowed past settling pond than material of heavy particles, water weight colloid particles that big solids are removed but are suspensibility material settlement exclusion impossible. So, we need flocculation and coagulation action to remove materials from this colloid state. Flocculation and coagulation by addition of chemical agents forms floc settle size. That is, shorten the sedimentation time and quality of processing water because promoting sedimentation doing to do fines or suspended solids and colloid can materials large size and also, flocculation to annex efficiency of filtration augment. Therefore, I executed this research to prove that COD efficiency for wastewater by using inorganic coagulant.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of various types of coagulant on dewaterability and settleability of sewage sludge for the application of dewatering process. Cationic organic coagulants and inorganic coagulants of the aluminium base were used; PAC (Poly Aluminium chloride, $Al_2O_3$ 17%) and C-210P (0.2%). After Jar test, PAC 26 mg/L and 0.2% C-210P 55 mg/L was decided as the optimum concentration of the coagulant according to zeta potential measurement. pH, alkalinity and viscosity were measured in all experiments and the data on sedimentation characteristics is analyzed by SDI, SVI sedimentation rate and solid flux. The SRF(Specific Resistance of Filtration) experiment was conducted with the result of single and dual injection system as the dewaterability experiment. As a result, the organic coagulant making large floc has good characteristics of sedimentation and agglutination. Also, it is observed that the organic coagulants injection has a better dewaterability efficiency of coagulants under the condition of the lowest SRF value, followed by dual and inorganic coagulants injection.

• 한국환경기술학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.570-575
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• 2018

폐수수탁처리업에 반입되는 산업폐수의 원수 성상이 매일 달라짐에 따라 전처리 공정인 응집침전공정의 효율적 운전이 어려운 실정이며, 이로 인해 후처리공정인 증발농축 및 대체 공정인 membrane 공정의 부하원인이 되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 산업폐수의 효율적 처리를 위해 응집제 주입 방법별(단독주입, 동시주입, 순차주입, 역주입) 응집특성을 비교하기 위해 NaOH 주입 전 후 폐수 원수를 채수하여 실험하였다. 응집실험은 Jar-tester를 이용하여 진행하였다. 응집제주입방법별 TDS 제거효율은 순차주입(2.8 %) < 단독주입(3.9 %) < 동시주입(8.1 %) < 역주입(9.6 %) 순으로, TOC 제거효율은 단독주입(84.3 %) < 역주입(86.2 %) < 순차주입(88.6 %) < 동시주입(89.1 %) 순으로, 탁도 제거효율은 단독주입(99.7 %) < 순차주입(99.8 %) ${\fallingdotseq}$ 역주입(99.8 %) < 동시주입(99.9 %) 순으로 각각 나타내어, 이를 종합적으로 고려하여 판단한 결과 순차주입방법(무기응집제${\rightarrow}$고분자응집제)보다 무기응집제 및 고분자응집제를 동시에 주입하는 방법이 더 효율적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2007

For this study, we polymerized polyacrylamide base flocculants (PAA) and tested their properties and settling efficiency as a treatment for potable water. The most common chemicals for potable water treatment in Korea are alum or PAC. However, due to various reasons (such as rainy season or algae), inorganic flocculants cannot be solely depended on to solve all the problems caused by the poor quality of inflow water. When PAA coupled with coagulants in a potable water purification process is used, the turbidity removal efficiency increases by a factor of three on a single chemical system using PAC (Raw water: 5.21 NTU; Treated PAA+PAC: 0.34 NTU; and, Treated PAC: 1.04 NTU). It is possible to offset the toxic effect of residual monomers in treated water using PAA, because the concentrations of residual acrylamide are less than 400 mg/L in the polymer itself and less than $0.04\;{\mu}g/L$ in the treated water base at a dosage of 0.1 mg/L. Therefore, PAAs may be a workable, and dependable, potable water treatment process for the high pollutant level of resource water.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.217-222
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• 1998

Organics matters including algae are the major contaminants of Nak-dong river and it's concentration Is more Increasing now. The use of coagulants has been Incresed for the effective treatment of drinking water, and aluminum coagulants have been the most widely used in raw water treatment. However, when inorganic metal coagulant is excessively used for long period, it would result in secondary problems, such as increasing sludge production, enhancing the cost of water treatment process, and increasing concentration of residual metal, especially aluminum. Therefore, recently. in order to reduce the use of metal coagulant and enhance the coagulation effectiveness, several alternative coagulants, such as polymeric Inorganic coagulants and organic polymers, have been used In water treatment plants. The objectives of thins research were (11 to determine optimum dosage concentration and compare the coajuiation efnciency at various pH ranees with alum alone, alum+cationic polymer, and alum+anlonlc polymer, (21 to evaluate the amount of alum reduced by using organic polymer, (31 to maximize removal officiency of organic matter and minimize the concentration of residual aluminum.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2003

For studying out the method of the effective purification of waste waters such as dying, paper pulp and plating wastewater, we measured the COD removal efficiency, color and turbidity of those pollutants by the physical and chemical method using the Inorganic Coagulating Agent (CM, RM) and a High Voltage Generator. The COD removal efficiency measured when applying the Inorganic Coagulating Agent (CM, RM) was mush higher than that using the Existing Coagulating Agent In addition to, when using those two methods above mentioned at the same time, both the COD removal efficiency and the reduction-effect of the inserting quantities of Coagulating Agent were higher than those were used singly. The system using both an Inorganic Coagulating Agent and a High Voltage Generator will be useful in various fields of wastewater treatment.