• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권9호
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• pp.4989-4992
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• 2013

Aim: To compare p16INK4a immunocytochemistry with the HPV polymerase chain reaction in predicting high grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions. Materials and Methods: This diagnostic case-control study was conducted from January 2010 until December 2010. We obtained 30 samples, classified according to the degree of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN): 11 samples for CIN 1, 9 samples for CIN 2, and 10 samples for CIN 3. HPV PCR, p16INK4a immunocytochemistry, and histopathological examination were performed on all samples. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS 20.0. Results: In predicting CIN 2-3, we found p16INK4a to have similar specificity and positive predictive value as HPV PCR (95%, 97.2% vs 96.7%), but better sensitivity (87.5% vs 72.5%) and negative predictive value (82.1% vs 67.6%). The most prevalent types of high-risk HPV in our study were HPV 33, 35, 58, 52, and 16. Conclusions: p16INK4a has better diagnostic values than HPV PCR and may be incorporated in the triage of ASCUS and LSIL to replace HPV PCR. Genotype distribution of HPV differs in each region, providing a challenge to develop HPV vaccines based on the epidemiology of HPV in that particular region.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 추계학술발표논문집
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• pp.17-27
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• 2006

Paper could be situated in a cooled environment seasonally or regionally otherwise it is forced to be in a controlled circumstance. In this paper, printing problems on a cooled paper are investigated and characterized in terms of paper properties. For this purposes, various kinds of sample are cooled down under a specially designed freezing device and printed for observing their printability. Causes for poor ink transfer on a cooled paper are suggested due to condensation, surface inactivity, and rheological change in ink film. Paperboards with higher amount of binder, thick and/or multi coat layers are more vulnerable to poor ink trap. Severe drying could cause the same effect as that of higher binder formulation. It is shown that more absorptive porous structure is desirable for better ink receptivity in a cooled status. Printing on a dampened surface may be an indicator for ink transferability on a cooled paper. Finally, desirable directions for papermaker and printshop are suggested.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2008

This study was performed to improve the printability of Hanji using a microbial cellulose from Saprolegnia ferax through investigating the printability of Hanji sized with the mixture of the microbial cellulose and various kinds of sizing agents. Conclusions obtained from the results of this study were as follows. The proper concentration of a microbial cellulose in sizing a printable Hanji with it was 0.5%. In general, there was no remarkable effect but some effect on the opacity and ink density. Hanji was sized with the mixture(5:5) of microbial cellulose(0.5%) and AKD(1.0%). As a result, ink spread was remarkably improved by the girth reduction of ink spot. There was remarkable effect because the mixture(5:5) of a microbial cellulose(0.5%) and CMC(1.0%) improved not only the gloss but also the density and girth of ink spot. Mixing(7:3) with corn starch(3.0%) showed the smallest girth of ink spot among applied sizing agents. Mixing(7:3) with PVA(5.0%) also showed some effect in the density and girth of ink spot.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2018

In this study, $ZrO_2$ ceramic ink was formulated for additive manufacturing three dimensional structure using dispenser printing technique. Ceramic ink with various $ZrO_2$ loading (30, 40, 50vol%) was prepared to evaluate their rheological properties and printability. High $ZrO_2$ loading $ZrO_2$ ceramic ink showed higher elastic modulus and improved shape retention, when the ceramic ink was printed and sintered at $1450^{\circ}C$ for 1h. Microstructural analysis of printed $ZrO_2$ objective indicated that high $ZrO_2$ loading objective showed lower porosity and smaller pore size.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.127-134
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• 1984

This study was conducted to evaluate the sealing ability of McSpadden technique compared with lateral condensation and Engine reamer technique, and according to the degree of canal enlargement and the use and nonuse of sealer. Seventy single-rooted teeth were divided into 14 groups and each tooth was enlarged and obturated according to the purpose of this study. Obturated teeth were infiltrated by Indian ink and decalcified and cleared. The apical sealing ability was evaluated by measuring the degree of ink penetration into the canal. The results were as follows: 1. All the teeth filled by lateral condensation using gutta-percha cone and sealer proved better in canal sealing ability than McSpadden technique and Engine reamer technique, showing less ink penetration. 2. In the McSpadden technique, there was less ink penetration detected in using the sealer than not. 3. In all of the experimental methods, the difference of the degree of ink penetration according the degree of canal enlargement could not be accepted. 4. There was no significant difference in ink penetration degree between Engine reamer technique using sealer and McSpadden technique without sealer.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2011

We manufactured the inkjet printing system for the application into the nano Ag finger line interconnection process in Si solar cells. The home-made inkjet printer consists of motion part for XY motion stage with optical table, head part, power and control part in the rack box with pump, and ink supply part for the connection of pump-tube-sub ink tanknozzle. The ink jet printing system has been used to conduct the interconnection process of finger lines on Si solar cell. The nano ink includes the 50 nm-diameter. Ag nano particles and the viscosity is 14.4 cP at $22^{\circ}C$. After processing of inkjet printing on the finger lines of Si solar cell, the nano particles were measured by scanning electron microscope. After the heat treatment at $850^{\circ}C$, the finger lines showed the smooth surface morphology without micropores.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.55-60
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• 2010

Ink transfer process from the printing roll to the moving web was investigated using a CFD technique for the application in R2R printed electronics. In line with the requirement that the web handling speed needs to be increased further for the cost competitiveness, the effects of web moving velocity with relatively complex roll patterns were analyzed. To make the present analysis more realistic, the numerical geometry and the ink properties were selected to match those of the real printing production system. Our numerical results showed that both web handling speed and complex printing-roll patterns influenced the shape of the transferred ink. As the web moving speed approaches towards 30mpm, a significant distortion of the shape of the transferred ink occurred. In the range of pattern width smaller than 100 microns, a phase distortion was also found to occur in all the printing-roll patterns considered in the present work but the ratio of the phase distortion to the line width gets smaller as the width becomes smaller. Thus, the web handling speed and the shape of printing-roll pattern will be important elements for the better printing quality under 100 micron line width range.

• Journal of Ceramic Processing Research
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• 제18권11호
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• pp.810-814
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• 2017

Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are some of the most efficient electrochemical energy sources for transportation applications because of their clean, green, and high efficiency characteristics. The optimization of catalyst layer morphology is considered a feasible approach to achieve high performance of PEMFC membrane electrode assembly (MEA). In this work, we studied the effect of the solvent on the catalyst layer of PEMFC MEAs fabricated using the electrostatic spray deposition method. The catalyst ink comprised of Pt/C, a Nafion ionomer, and a solvent. Two types of solvent were used: isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and dimethylformamide (DMF). Compared with the catalyst layer prepared using IPA-based ink, the catalyst layer prepared with DMF-based ink had a dense structure because the DMF dispersed the Pt/C-Nafion agglomerates smaller and more homogeneously. The size distribution of the agglomerates in catalyst ink was confirmed through Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) and the microstructure of the catalyst layer was compared using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). In addition, the electrochemical investigation was performed to evaluate the solvent effect on the fuel cell performance. The catalyst layer prepared with DMF-based ink significantly enhanced the cell performance (1.2 A cm-2 at 0.5 V) compared with that fabricated using IPA-based ink (0.5 A cm-2 at 0.5 V) due to the better dispersion and uniform agglomeration on the catalyst layer.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2015

최근 $p16^{INK4a}$/Ki-67 이중면역염색은 액상세포검사에서 자궁경부 이형성증과 암을 조기에 발견하기 위한 새로운 생체 표지자로 대두되고 있다. 저자들은 자궁경부질도말의 액상세포검체 총 109례에서 CINtec$^{(R)}$ PLUS kit를 사용하여 $p16^{INK4a}$/Ki-67 이중면역염색을 시행하였고, 그 결과를 액상세포검사, HPV hybrid capture II (HC II) 검사 그리고 조직학적 진단과 서로 비교하였다. $p16^{INK4a}$/Ki-67 양성 발현은 세포학적 진단에서 저등급 편평상피내병변 이상의 증례 그리고 조직학적 진단에서 자궁경부 상피내종양 1등급 이상의 증례에서 유의미하게 높았다. 액상세포검사상 비정형 편평 상피세포 소견을 보이는 46례 중, 31례 (67.4%)가 $p16^{INK4a}$과 Ki-67 양성 소견을 보였고, 이러한 양성 증례들은 조직검사에서도 대부분 자궁경부 상피내종양 1등급 이상의 병변에 해당하였다. 자궁경부 상피내종양 1등급 이상의 병변을 발견하기 위한 $p16^{INK4a}$/Ki-67 이중면역염색의 민감도는 액상세포검사보다 높은 89.0%였고, 특이도는 73.5%로 HC II 검사보다 높게 분석되었다. 따라서, $p16^{INK4a}$/Ki-67 이중면역염색 방법은 액상세포검사법의 민감도와 HC II 검사법의 특이도를 보완하기 위한 진단적 검사로 유용하다고 할 수 있다.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.170-189
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• 2019

소치 허련(小癡 許鍊,1808~893)은 조선 말기 대표적 남종 문인서화가이며 남도 문인화의 시조로, 초의선사와 추사 김정희의 문하에서 문인의 학문적 면모와 화원의 능숙한 화법을 모두 체득해 '사의화(寫意畵)'를 이룬 직업형 문인화가였다. 허련의 산수화는 그의 화격을 높이 산 김정희의 지도에 의해 형성되었으나, 추사 사후 그의 나이 70세경에 본격적으로 그리기 시작한 묵란화는 '추사란(秋史蘭)'의 양식과는 관련이 없고, 전체적으로는 고법(古法)을 따르면서도 거칠고 호방한 필치의 사의성을 띠고 있어 주목된다. 허련의 묵란화는 사군자류 중 화란법(畵蘭法)을 남길 만큼 관심을 가졌던 분야임에도 전체적인 작품의 조사나 분석이 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이에 본고에서는 화란법과 제발(題跋), 인문(印文)에 나타난 난화관(蘭畵觀)을 통해 그의 묵란화 인식을 살피고, 화보를 임방하고 당대 화풍을 수용하면서도 개성적인 필묵의 운용으로 형성된 소치란(小癡蘭)의 면모를 파악해보고자 한다. 특히 허련은 당시 묵란화의 대가인 이하응이나 조희룡과 화우(畵友)로 지내지만 난 그림에 있어서는 김정희의 난화론을 바탕으로 삼아 초기 지두란(指頭蘭)을 그리는 등 자신만의 화란법을 형성하고 예술세계를 구축한다. 또한 난화는 유가적 전고(典故)를 바탕으로 그리지만 제발과 인장의 내용을 통해서는 유가적 성격뿐만 아니라 도가 불가적 의미까지 더해져 허련의 인생 지향과 사유세계를 유추할 수 있다. 이러한 복합적이고 다양한 철학과 심미의식이 반영된 허련의 묵란화는 시기에 따라 변화 과정을 거치며 만년에 사의 묵란화를 형성한다. 즉 그는 직업형 화가였음에도 말년에 더욱 활발히 제작했던 사의란을 통해 조선 사대부의 이상에 더욱 가까이 다가가려 했음을 알 수 있고, 소치란은 문인의 표상을 실현하려는 사의적 시각과 의지의 발로였다는 것을 보여준다.