• 폴리머
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.344-351
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• 2004

온도에 반응하는 고분자로서 폴리(에틸렌 글리콜)을 기본으로 다이블록 및 트리블록 폴리에스테르 공중합체들은 비독성과 생체적합성 그러고 생분해성 특징 때문에 주사제형의 약물전달체로서 많은 응용이 이루어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 다이블록 공중합체를 이용한 새로운 솔-젤 전이 현상을 갖는 고분자를 준비하고자, 평균분자량 750g/mole의 메톡시 폴리(에틸렌 글리콜)과 카프로락톤을 실온에서 HCI $.$ Et$_2$O 존재 하에서 개환중합을 실시하였다. 합성된 고분자는 시차주사열량계와 X-선 회절기를 이용하여 특성을 분석하였고, 수용액상에서의 고분자 용액은 실온에서 신체온도로 온도를 상승시키면 졸에서 겔 상으로의 상변화를 보였다. 신체온도 부근에서의 겔 형성을 확인하기 위하여 20 W% 졸 상태의 고분자용액을 쥐의 피하에 주입한 결과 분산 없이 겔이 잘 형성되었고 2개월 간 겔이 유지됨을 확인하였다. 이러한 연구 결과로, 새로운 솔-젤 상전이 현상을 보이는 다이블록 공중합체를 합성하였고, 주사형 이식 재료로의 가능성을 확인하였다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.704-710
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• 2008

Injectable hydrogels are quite promising materials due to their potential to minimize invasive implantation and this provides versatile fitness irrespective of the damaged regions and facilitates the incorporation of bioactive agents or cells. In situ gel formation through stereocomplex formation is a promising candidate for injectable hydrogels. In this paper, a new series of enantiomeric, four-arm, PEG-PLA block copolymers and their stereocomplexed hydrogels were prepared by bulk ring-opening polymerization of D-lactide and L-lactide, respectively, with stannous octoate as a catalyst. The prepared polymers were characterized by $^1H$ nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FT IR) spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and thermal gravitational analysis (TGA), confirming the tailored structure and chain lengths. The swelling and degradation behavior of the hydrogels formed from a selected copolymer series were observed in different concentrations. The degradation rate decreased with increasing polymer content in the solution. The rheological behavior indicated that the prepared hydrogel underwent in situ gelation and had favorable mechanical strength. In addition, its feasibility as an injectable scaffold was evaluated using a media dependence test for cell culture. A Tris solution was more favorable for in situ gel formation than PBS and DMEM solutions were. These results demonstrated the in situ formation of hydrogel through the construction of a stereocomplex with enantiomeric, 4-arm, PEG-PLA copolymers. Overall, enantiomeric, 4-arm, PEG-PLA copolymers are a new species of stereocomplexed hydrogels that are suitable for further research into injectable hydrogels.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2010

Aim of the study: As an injectable scaffold, MPEG-PCL diblock copolymer was applied in bone tissue engineering. In vivo bone formation was evaluated by soft X-ray, histology based on the rat calvarial critical size defect model. Materials and Methods: New bone formation was evaluated with MPEG-PCL diblock copolymer in rat calvarial critical size bone defect. No graft was served as control. 4, 8 weeks after implantation, gross evidence of bone regeneration was evaluated by histology and soft X-ray analysis. Results: The improved and effective bone regeneration was achieved with the BMP-2 and osteoblasts loaded MPEG-PCL diblock copolymer. Conclusion: It was confirmed that MPEG-PCL temperature sensitive hydrogels was useful as an injectable scaffold in bone regeneration.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.373-379
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• 1997

This study was carried out to determine the hormone treatment scheme for an efficient superovulation and optimal recovery time for obtaining pronuclear embryos suitable for DNA injection in Korean native goats. For a superovulation, FSH(5.6mg) was given over four days in twice daily injections with (FSH/hCG group) or without(FSH group) hCG(100 IU) co-injection at the time of 7th FSH injection. Estrus cycle was synchronized by norgestomet ear-implantation for 11 days and its removal at the time of 6th FSH injection. Among the treated goats, the percentage of ovulated goats, which were examined at 70 to 76 h following implant removal, was greater in FSH/hCG group than in FSH group (100% vs 36.4%) but there was no significant difference in the mean numbers of ovulation points and fertilization rates between the two groups. To optimize hCG treatment scheme and recovery time, we injected hCG at the time of 7th (FSH/hCGa) or 8th(FSH/hCGb) FSH injection and then examined the developmental stage of the embryos recovered at different times after implant removal. In FSH/hCGa group, significant portions(31 to 44%) were beyond 1-cell stage, which was non-injectable, irrespective of their recovery time. However, in FSH/hCGb group recovered at 70 to 76 h after implant removal, great portions(69%) were fertilized and most of them(96.6%) were injectable 1-cell stage. Considering together the fertilization rate and developmental stage of recovered embryos, it is recommendable to administrate hCG at the time of final 8th FSH injection and collect the embryos at 70 to 76 h after implant removal to obtain injectable embryos as many as possible in Korean native goats.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.510-518
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated whether PLGA microspheres in combination with hyaluronic acid (HA) gel have appropriate properties as a bulking agent for urologic injection therapies and whether the implantation of PLGA microspheres and HA gel induces angiogenesis in the newly formed tissues. In order to investigate whether this bulking agent is injectable, this material was injected through 24-gauge needles into the subcutaneous dorsum of the mouse. The bulking agent was easily injected without needle obstruction. Histological analyses of the hybrid tissues at 2 weeks showed that host cells at the surrounding tissues migrated into the spaces between the implanted PLGA microspheres and formed tissue-like structures. An inflammatory response to the implants was mild at 2 weeks and diminished at 8 weeks. Importantly, extensive ingrowth of blood vessels was observed in the hybrid tissues formed by the injection of PLGA microspheres and HA, whereas blood vessels rarely formed in the hybrid tissues formed by the injection of PLGA microspheres only. The implant volume was conserved for almost the entire implantation period. Histological analyses of the distant organs of the bulking agent-implanted animals, such as the lungs, liver, heart, brain, kidney, and spleen, showed no evidence of the injected microsphere migration. These results show that PLGA microspheres in combination with HA possess the appropriate characteristics for a bulking agent for urologic injection therapies and induce extensive blood vessel formation in the hybrid tissues.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.58-70
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• 2015

Injectable RGD-bioconjugated Mussel Adhesive Proteins (RGD-MAPs) composite hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) hydrogels provide local periodontal tissue for bone filling in periodontal surgery. Previously we developed a novel type of injectable self-supported hydrogel (2 mg/ml of RGD-MAPs/HPMC) based porcine nano hydroxyapatite (MPH) for dental graft, which could good handling property, biodegradation or biocompatibility with the hydrogel disassembly and provided efficient cell adhesion activity and no inflammatory responses. Herein, the aim of this work was to evaluate bone formation following implantation of MPH and collagen membrane in rabbit calvarial defects. Eight male New Zealand rabbits were used and four circular calvarial defects were created on each animal. Defects were filled with different graft materials: 1) collagen membrane, 2) collagen membrane with MPH, 3) collagen membrane with bovine bone hydroxyapatite (BBH), and 4) control. The animals were sacrificed after 2 and 8 weeks of healing periods for histologic analysis. Both sites receiving MPH and BBH showed statistically increased augmented volume and new bone formation (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in new bone formation between the MPH, BBH and collagen membrane group at all healing periods. Within the limits of this study, collagen membrane with MPH was an effective material for bone formation and space maintaining in rabbit calvarial defects.

• 폴리머
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2004

메톡시 폴리(에털렌 글러콜)과 생분해성 폴리에스테르 계열의 카프로락톤 그러고 락타이드로 구성된 블록 공중합체를 수용액 상에서 온도에 따른 솔-젤 전이 현상을 연구하였다. 폴러(에틸렌 글리콜)-폴리카프로락톤 (MPEG-PCL)은 HCI${\cdot}Et_{2}O$촉매 존재 하에서 실온에서 반응 용매로서 메틸렌클로라이드를 사용하여 카프로락톤기 개환을 통하여 합성되었다. 또한, 폴리(에틸렌 글리콜)-폴리(락틱 에시드) (MPEG-PLLA)는 촉매로서 stannous octoate를 사용하여 톨루엔에서 115${\circ}C$에서 중합을 실시하였다. 합성된 블록 고분자는 $^1$H-NMR, IR 그리고 GPC 뿐만 아니라 수용액상에서의 온도 감응성 상전이 형상을 관찰함으로써 그 특성을 분석하였다. 소수기의 사슬길이가 증가함에 따라 솔-젤 전이 온도가 증가하였고 상전이 곡선은 낮은 농도로 급격한 기울기의 증가가 일어났다. 인체온도에서 젤 형성을 확인하기 위하여, 각각의 블록 공중합체 MPEG-PCL과 MPEG-PLLA를 수용액에 20 wt% 농도로 준비하여 쥐에 주입한 후 신체에서의 젤 형성을 확인하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 블록 공중합체가 약물과 단백질의 주사형 이식형제제 등의 생체용 재료로서 가능성을 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.