• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제5권5호
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• pp.505-510
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• 1999

In this paper, a novel sliding surface is proposed by defining a novel virtual state. This sliding surface has nominal dynamics of an original system and makes it possible that the sliding mode control(SMC) technique is used with the various types of controllers. Its design is based on the augmented system whose dynamics have a higher order than that of the original system. The reaching phase is removed by using an initial virtual state which makes the initial sliding function equal to zero.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제5권7호
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• pp.808-813
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• 1999

A fuzzy learning method to control an unstable and multivariable system is presented in this paper, Because the multivariable system has generally a coupling effect between the inputs and outputs, it is difficult to find its modeling equation or parameters. If the system is unstable, initial condition rules are needed to make it stable because learning is nearly impossible. Therefore, this learning method uses the initial rules and introduces a cost function composed of the actual error and error-rate of each output without the modeling equation. To minimize the cost function, we experimentally got the Jacobian matrix in the operating point of the system. From the Jacobian matrix, we can find the direction of the convergence in the learning, and the optimal control rules are finally acquired when the fuzzy rules are updated by changing the portion of the errors and error rates.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2013년도 전력전자학술대회 논문집
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• pp.390-391
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• 2013

This paper proposes advanced RFB PCS for islanded environment. To accommodate islanded system, power conditioning needs voltage control authority changing. RFB initial power generating method is proposed for the Islanded PCS. DC-link voltage control authority is changed to PV converter to bidirectional converter by proposed control logic. The control performance has been verified with hardware experiments.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 2000년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
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• pp.2669-2671
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• 2000

In this paper, a new model error following sliding mode control is considered with a novel sliding surface for the error. This novel sliding surface has nominal dynamics of an original state of the error system and makes it possible that the Sliding Mode Control(SMC) technique for the error of the model following is used with the various types of controllers. Its design is based on the augmented system whose dynamics have a higher order than that of the original error system. The reaching phase is removed by using an initial virtual state which makes the initial error state sliding function equal to zero.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2001년도 ICCAS
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• pp.56.1-56
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• 2001

Initial attitude error is one of the large error sources in the navigation errors of SDINS. And it is important to decide the initial attitude of SDINS. The method, like a self-alignment or a transfer alignment method, is required to a precise INS. If we do not have a precise INS, we should get large attitude error. After performing the initial alignment, a vehicle has the initial attitude error. Therefore, it results in navigation error due to the initial attitude error. But, if we use position information during flight, we could estimate and compensate a vehicle attitude error. So, we can maintain a precise attitude in spite of existing the initial attitude error. Using the uplinked position information from a land-based radar system, the new algorithm estimates the attitude of the SDINS during flight ...

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.688-697
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• 2017

비선형 시스템의 이동 로봇을 원하는 목표점으로 속도, 가속도 그리고 각속도 관련 에너지를 최소한으로 사용하여 최단시간 안에 이동시키는 최적의 제어 문제를 수학적으로 푸는 것이 매우 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 유전알고리즘을 이용하여 이동 로봇의 속도, 각속도 관련 에너지를 최소화하면서 최단시간 안에 이동할 수 있는 최적제어이득을 구한다. 이동 로봇은 비선형시스템이므로 초기위치에 따라 최적제어이득이 다르게 결정된다. 따라서 초기위치 분할 점들을 설정하고 각 분할 점에서 유전알고리즘을 이용하여 최적제어이득을 구한다. 각 분할 점에서 구한 최적제어 이득으로 신경회로망을 학습시켜서 임의의 초기위치에 대한 제어이득을 구할 수 있다. 마지막으로 본 연구의 유용성을 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션 연구로 확인한다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2022

This study has been conducted to investigate the appropriate mixed sowing rates with white clover (Trifolium repens) and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis) by evaluating initial growth. Six different mixed sowing rates (CT, Control Trifolium repens; CP, Control Poa pratensis; T1P3, Trifolium repens 1 : Poa pratensis 3; T1P2, Trifolium repens 1 : Poa pratensis 2; T1P1, Trifolium repens 1 : Poa pratensis 1; T2P1, Trifolium repens 2 : Poa pratensis 1; T3P1, Trifolium repens 3 : Poa pratensis 1) with three repetitions were implemented in greenhouse experiment plastic pots (50.5 length × 35.0 width × 8.5 cm height). Plant height, leaf length, leaf width, number of leaves, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight were measured after a week from the germination for three months. Initial growth of Kentucky bluegrass significantly increased as mixed sowing rates with increasing, while that of white clover kept relatively decreasing than that in Control. Initial growth strongly affected sowing mixed rates by Kentucky bluegrass and not by white clover in this experiment, indicating that grasses played a dominant role during initial growth period. However, seeding rates with white clover will be dependent on the use of a turf and the desired green cover. There remains a need to further study of the mechanisms and dynamics of legume and grass competition to underpin sustainable management practices.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.431-439
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• 2023

Objectives: Numerous studies have explored the causes and spread of outbreaks, yet there is a lack of research on post-coronavirus disease 2019 condition (PCC) in Korea. The goal of this study was to identify the various types of PCC and associated factors in discharged patients and to provide directions for the ongoing health management of confirmed patients. Methods: A telephone survey was conducted among 680 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients diagnosed between July 7, 2021 and August 26, 2021, in Dangjin, Chungnam, Korea. A descriptive analysis of characteristics, univariate analysis, and regression were performed using data from basic epidemiological surveys conducted at the time of diagnosis and post-discharge questionnaires. Results: Of the 585 patients who responded, 159 (27.2%) developed PCC. Of the 211 patients with no initial symptoms, 27 (12.8%) developed PCC, versus 132 (35.3%) of the 374 patients with initial symptoms. Among the initial symptoms, fever or chills, cough or sputum, loss of smell, and sore throat were associated with PCC. Compared to patients with less than 10 days of hospitalization, those with a hospitalization period of 21 days to 30 days (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0 to 5.2) and 31 days or more (OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 1.9 to 18.1) had a higher risk of PCC. Conclusions: More than a quarter of COVID-19 patients, including those who had no initial symptoms, experienced PCC in Korea. People with the initial symptoms of fever, chills, and respiratory symptoms and those who had prolonged hospital stays had a high risk of PCC.

• International Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology Speciallssue:Selected Papers
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 2003

This paper proposes an optimum design method of structural and control systems, using a 2-D truss structure as an example. The structure is subjected to initial static loads and disturbances. For the structure, a FEM model is formed. Using modal transformation, the equation of motion is transformed into modal coordinates, in order to decrease D.O.F. of the FEM model. To suppress the effect of the disturbances, the structure is controlled by an output feedback $H_{\infty}$ controller. The design variables of the combined optimal design of the control-structure systems are the cross sectional areas of truss members. The structural objective function is the structural weight. The control objective function is the $H_{\infty}$ norm, the performance index of control. The second structural objective function is the energy of the response related to the initial state, which is derived from the time integration of the quadratic form of the state in the closed-loop system. In a numerical example, simulations have been perform. Through the consideration of structural weight and $H_{\infty}$ norm, an advantage of the combined optimum design of structural and control systems is shown. Moreover, since the performance index of control is almost nearly optimiz, we can acquire better design of structural strength.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2020

As a shift control of automatic transmission was managed with the electronic control unit (ECU), shift quality which is a measure of shift shock during gear change has markedly improved. However, the initial clutch pressure control of the clutch filling phase should continue to rely on the predetermined control input since the input and output speeds are unchanged until the shifting process attains the inertia phase. It is critical to minimize the clutch response time and control the clutch pressure accurately at the end of clutch fill to achieve quick shift response and smoothness. Advanced transmission companies have adopted an auto calibration method which establishes the databases for the clutch piston fill-up attributes and the frictional characteristics of the disks. In this study, a distinctive auto calibration algorithm for forklift transmission under development is proposed and verified with the real-vehicle test. The experimental calibration results showed consistent turbine dynamics at the initial stage of shifts with the properly calibrated clutch-fill control parameters. By using this technique, it is necessary to finalize the shift control for the various operation conditions.