• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.293-322
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• 1998

General Administrative Procedures of the Preshipment Inspection 1. Initial notification Preshipment Inspection is initiated by Agency when it receives notice either from the importing country, or the seller, that an export needs to be imspected 1.1 Notice from the importing country 1.2 Notice from the seller 2. Preliminary price verification After receipt of initial notification, Agency undertakes, Where possible, a preliminary price verification, based upon the Inspection Order and other contractual documents received. 3. Customs classification When required by the Government of the importing country. Agency forms an opinion of the Customs Classification Code based upon the Customs Tariff Book and Rules of Classification of the country of importation. The Customs Classification Code determines the tariff rate on the basis of which the importer will be required to pay import duties. 4. Import eligibility 5. Arrangements for physical inspection 5.1 Inspection request from seller 5.2 Place of inspection 5.3 Date of inspection 5.4 Physical inspection procedures 6. Physical inspection results When the physical inspection is completed, the inspector submits his report to the Agency office and the result of inspection will be communicated to the seller and, where applicable, the place of inspection. The result will state: satisfactory or conditional of unsatisfactory. The seller is welcome to present his views in writting to Agency in the event there is any query regarding the issuance of a conditional of unsatisfactory inspection result. 6.1 Satisfactory 6.2 Conditional 6.3 Unsatisfactory 7. Shipment of the goods The seller is advised to check with Agency prior to shipment if the physical inspection result has not been received or there are any doubts concerning whether a Clean Report of Findings will be issued. 8. Final price verification and classification Based on the results of physical inspection and appropriate final documents, Agency finalises the price verification and the Agency opinion of Customs classification code. When the preliminary price verification has not resulted in any unresolved questions and the inspection result and other documents received are consistent with the preliminary documentation, Agency will not normally require any additional information. The main exception would be if the terms of sale require reference to prices at the date of shipment. 9. The Report of Findings 9.1 Types of Reports of Findings - Clean Reports of Findings(CRF) The Agency will issue a Clean Reports of Findings(CRF), or equivalent document, normally within two working days after receipt of the necessary correct final documents and a satisfactory result in all aspects of the inspection. - Discrepancy Report.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.181-192
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• 2007

Periodontal surgery as part of the treatment of periodontal disease is mainly performed 1) to gain access to diseased areas for adequate cleaning; 2) to achieve pocket reduction or elimination; and 3) to restore the periodontal tissues lost through the disease; i.e., a new attachment formation of periodontal regeneration. To accomplish the latter, often referred to as the ultimate goal of periodontal therapy, a number of surgical procedures have been advocated throughout the years. Clinical studies have demonstrated that considerable gain of clinical attachment and bone can be achieved following guided tissue regeneration (GTR) therapy of intrabony defects. The aim of this study was to analyse the radiographic bone changes 2-year after GTR using a bone graft material and nonresorbable membrane. Patients attending the department of periodontics of Kyungpook National University Hospital were studied. Patients had clinical and radiographic evidence of intrabony defect(s), 33 sites of 30 patients aged 32 to 56 (mean age 45.6) were treated by GTR with a bone graft material and nonresorbable membrane. Baseline and 2-year follow-up radiographs were collected and evaluated for this study. Radiographic assessment includes a bone fill, bone crest change, defect resolution, and % of defect resolution. Pre- and post-treatment differences between variables (maxilla and mandible, defect depth, defect angle, bone graft materials) using the paired t-test were examined. We observed $2.86{\pm}1,87mm$ of bone fill, $065{\pm}0.79mm$ of crestal resorption, $3.49{\pm}2.11mm$ of defect resolution, and $44.42{\pm}19.51%$ of percentage of defect resolution. Mandible, deeper initial defect depth, narrower initial defect angle showed greater bone fill, defect resolution, and % of defect resolution. But no difference was observed between xenograft and allograft. Outcome of GTR as a therapy of intrabony defect was better than other therapy, but herein, good oral hygiene maintenance as a anti-infective treatment and periodic recall check of patients are essential.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Emergency Medicine
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.671-678
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• 2018

Objective: This study examined the predictive factors for prolonged length of stays of adult patients with acute appendicitis (AA) in an emergency department (ED). Methods: This was a retrospectively clinical study including patients in an ED. All patients were diagnosed from the clinical symptoms and a typical physical examination, and had undergone a computed tomography (CT) evaluation on the ED visiting date. All data were collected from the electrical medical records. The clinical parameters analyzed were the laboratory data, including the white blood cell count with differential values, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, initial vital signs, duration of admission, coexisting perforation of the appendix in the CT findings. The relationship between the clinical parameters and length of stay was assessed. Results: A total of 547 patients with AA were enrolled in this study. Among them, there were 270 male patients with a mean age of $40.7{\pm}15.8years$. The baseline characteristics, initial clinical features, laboratory, and imaging studies results of 129 patients in the prolonged length of stay (pLOS) group, and 418 patients of the non-pLOS group in AA were compared. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed the predictive factors related to pLOS in AA to be as follows: age 40 years or older, body temperature over $37.3^{\circ}C$, CRP level greater than 5.0 mg/dL, and evidence of perforation in CT findings (P<0.001). Conclusion: If we check age, fever, CRP level and find evidence of perforation, it might be helpful for predicting the increasing period of length of hospital stay for patients with AA in ED.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.151-163
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• 2022

This study was conducted to promote organic fertilizer(s) that sustain soil productivity for corn production and protect the environment as required by the Act on the promotion of eco-friendly agriculture. It was conducted at the research station of the Organic Agriculture Division of the National Institute of Agricultural. The treatments consisted of Compost (Com), Bokashi as fermented organic fertilizer (FOF), and mixed expeller pressed cake (PC). They were applied at 174 kg N /ha to field corn, together with a 'no fertilizer' check in Randomized Complete Block Design. At eight weeks after transplanting (WAT) corn, compost increased soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) to 7.48 and 0.76 g/kg respectively, while other fertilizers maintained the initial levels (before treatment application). At corn harvest (13 WAT), soil chemical properties (total C, total N, pH, electrical conductivity, P₂O₅, Ca, K, and Mg) were similar among all organic fertilizer treatments. For soil respiration, FOF increased soil CO₂ respiration by 31-76% above other fertilizer treatments. However, there were no prominent changes in the trends of CH₄ fluxes following the two mechanical weeding operations. Fermented organic fertilizer affected N₂O emissions between 87-96% lower than other fertilizer treatments. Compared to the initial microbial densities, FOF increased fungi and actinomycete colony foming unit by 25 and 16% at harvest. Therefore, the additional potential of improving soil biological fertility and local availability of raw materials make FOF a better option to sustain soil productivity while protecting the environment.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.55-61
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• 2016

This study proposes the design algorithm of an electromagnetic linear actuator with a divided coil excitation system, such as the colenoid (COL) system, using the equivalent magnetic circuit (EMC) method. Nowadays, the clamping device is used to hold workpiece in the electrically driven chucking system and is needed to produce a huge clamping force of 40 kN like hydraulic system. The design algorithm for electromagnetic linear actuator can be obtained using the EMC method. At first, the parameter map is used to decide the slot width ratio in the initial design. Next, to make the magnetic flux density uniform at each pole, the pole width is adjusted by the pole width adjusting algorithm with EMC. When the dimensions of the electromagnetic linear actuator are decided, the clamping force is calculated to check the desired clamping force. The design results show that it can be used to hold a workpiece firmly instead of using a hydraulic cylinder in a chucking system.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.15-22
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• 2020

In this study, we propose an improvement method that can create U-Net model which detect fine concrete cracks by applying a weighted loss function. Because cracks in concrete are a factor that threatens safety, it is important to periodically check the condition and take prompt initial measures. However, currently, the visual inspection is mainly used in which the inspector directly inspects and evaluates with naked eyes. This has limitations not only in terms of accuracy, but also in terms of cost, time and safety. Accordingly, technologies using deep learning is being researched so that minute cracks generated in concrete structures can be detected quickly and accurately. As a result of attempting crack detection using U-Net in this study, it was confirmed that it could not detect minute cracks. Accordingly, as a result of verifying the performance of the model trained by applying the suggested weighted loss function, a highly reliable value (Accuracy) of 99% or higher and a harmonic average (F1_Score) of 89% to 92% was derived. The performance of the learning improvement plan was verified through the results of accurately and clearly detecting cracks.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.331-339
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• 2016

Background: Occupational risk management is known as a catalyst in generating superior returns for all stakeholders on a sustainable basis. A number of companies in Ghana implemented health and safety measures adopted from international companies to ensure the safety of their employees. However, there exist great threats to employees' safety in these companies. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the level of compliance of Occupational Health and Safety management systems and standards set by international and local legislation in power producing companies in Ghana. Methods: The methodology is conducted by administering questionnaires and in-depth interviews as measuring instruments. A random sampling technique was applied to 60 respondents; only 50 respondents returned their responses. The questionnaire was developed from a literature review and contained questions and items relevant to the initial research problem. A factor analysis was also carried out to investigate the influence of some variables on safety in general. Results: Results showed that the significant factors that influence the safety of employees at the hydroelectric power plant stations are: lack of training and supervision, non-observance of safe work procedures, lack of management commitment, and lack of periodical check on machine operations. The study pointed out the safety loopholes and therefore helped improve the health and safety measures of employees in the selected company by providing effective recommendations. Conclusion: The implementation of the proposed recommendations in this paper, would lead to the prevention of work-related injuries and illnesses of employees as well as property damage and incidents in hydroelectric power plants. The recommendations may equally be considered as benchmark for the Safety and Health Management System with international standards.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.155-166
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• 1996

All nuclear facilities and components should receive an initial ALARA review before the installation and thereafter whenever modifications are planned. A major objective in design aspects of ALARA is to identify areas where specific engineering input can reduce personnel exposure. The basic factors which should be considered in the ALARA design review process include curd control, shielding and isolation of radiation sources accessibility maintainability and reliability, and contamination control. Because many diverse aspects must be considered in the ALARA design reviews, a proper ALARA checklist should be used to aid the designer in preventing any of the ALARA review considerations from being slipped away. In order to develop the practical ALARA checklist, check items for basic ALARA factors have been prepared, and what should be considered in reviewing each item has been discussed here. Based on the proposed factors and items, an ALARA checklist was developed.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.33 no.1 s.96
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• pp.21-29
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• 2003

Recent developments in software technology have made it possible to create a virtual three-dimensional model of the dental arches from digitally scanned casts of a patient's dentition. This modelmay then be manipulated with software to produce stages of tooth movement from the initial malocclusion to the final desired occlusion. A sterolithograghic model is made for each stage of tooth movement which is the basis for construction of a series of clear and thin overlay appliances. These appliances are worn full time by the patient to move the teeth according to the programmed stages of movement. Malocclusions involving mild to moderate crowding and space closure have been proven to be successfully treated with this appliance. Experience with this appliance has demonstrated excellent patient compliance with less discomfort, improved esthetics and oral hygiene control, when compared with fixed orthodontic appliances. Orthodontic treatment with this appliance is a potentially useful alternative approach to fixed appliances for treatment of a variety of malocclusions in patients with fully erupted permanent teeth.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.519-531
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• 2003

Statement of problem : Chronic implant screw loosening remains a problem in restorative practices. Some implant manufactureres have introduced abutment screws with treated material, surfaces and macrostructures in an effort to reduce potential loosening. Purpose : This study evaluated the materials and loading cycles on detorque value after dynamic continous fatigue test in the sinulated conditions of posterior single restoration. Material and method : Fourteen of each of the following abutment screws - titanium alloy, gold alloy, gold-tite, and titanium alloy modified - were used in test. SEM is used to verify macrostructures of each screws. $ZrO_2/Al_2O_3$ composite abutment was tightened on $4{\times}10.0mm$ titanium external implant at 30 Ncm. Cyclic loading machine delivered dynamic loading forces between 20 and 320N for 100,000, 200,000, 300,000, 500,000, and 1,000,000 cycles at frequencies 14Hz. Torque and detorque value after loading was measured. Results : All measued screws had different screw length and thread form. Titanium modified screw had greater detorque value than others before and after cyclic loadings(p<0.05). All abutment screws had no significant change in mean percentage of detorque value after loading to initial value after less than 500.000 cyclic loadings, but significant lower value after 1,000,000 cycles(p<0.05). Conclusion : Within limintations of this study all abutment screws may be loosend after about 1 year use. Annual check-up is nessasary to prevent screw loosening.