• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2008

Fermentative $H_2$ production was studied using microbial consortia isolated from heat-treated ($90{\circ}C$, 20 min) sewage sludge. Important parameters investigated were carbon(C) and nitrogen(N)-sources, C/N ratio, phosphate concentration, pH and temperature during anaerobic cultivation in serum bottles. Starch, ribose, sucrose and glucose were good C-sources for the culture growth and $H_2$ production. Yeast extract was better N-source than $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ or peptone when individually added to the synthetic media, however the combination of above three N-sources exhibited the additional effect for cell growth and $H_2$ evolution. Addition of 100 mM phosphate as a buffering agent prevented the rapid pH drop during the cultivation. The optimum initial pH for the cell growth was at 7.0, whereas $H_2$ production was observed at pH 5.5. Optimum temperature for the cell growth and $H_2$ production was $37{\circ}C$. Initial C/N ratio of 1.22 in the media using glucose and yeast extract as the C- and N-sources, respectively, showed the $H_2$ yield 1.0 mol $H_2$/mol glucose.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1991

Bigihwan which has been widely used in Oh-jug in oriental Medicine was investigated on its antitumor effect employing blood cancer cell lines. K 562 derived from human erytholeukemia, Raji from lymphoma and $MO_4$ from hlastogenic cancer were used in this study to see the analytical evaluation of Bigihwan' s antitumor effect using three different kinds of methods such as $^{3}H-thymidine$ up take assay. MTT assay and live cell counts by Trypan blue assay. The result obtained are as follows. 1. When higher than 10% Bigihwan was treated. inhibitory effect of tumor killing action was observed showing the increasing order of $MO_4$, K 562 and Raji(Fig. 3). 2. When 1 to 5% of Bigi-hwan was treated, 4 to 30% of tumor cell survival was observed according to various blood tumor cell lines suggesting that antitumor effect of Bigi-hwan was different as the characteristics of tumor cells showing 70 to 95% cell killing effent(Fig. 4). 3. Compared the survivals of cells by relative scales though the initial cpm was variable because of different cell growth rate. Raji was most effective being killed 95% by the treatment of 1% Bigihwan while Raji and K562 showed 93% by 5% Bigihwan.(Fig. 5) 4. The survival rate of Raji derived from Burkitt lymphoma was rather increased to 2.3 times when Bigihwan concentration was increased from 1 to 10% lmplying of refraining from over use of this anticancer drug. specially to lymphoma patients(Fig. 5). 5. Bigihwan was most effective to K 562 and then $MO_4$ showing 95% tumor cell death by using 1% of this anticancer drug while it was least effective to Raji showing only 68% of tumor cell death(Fig.7). 6. Judging from the all the analytical methods used in this study, through all different three tumor cell lines. Bigihwan was most effective to K 562 derived from human erythroleukemia.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.185-190
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of organism vigor information solution(OVIS) on the animal cell growth and to set up a condition for cell culture. We investigated the reactions on the MG-63 and MCF-7 cell line in mixture culture media with various amount of REVIEW solution, which is an example among various OVIS. DMEM-HG was used as basic media. The concentration range of the mixture was limited from 0% to 15%. MTT assay is used for cell viability test. The cell was incubated for 14days and the MTT assay was performed on day 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14 throughout the experiment. We used the ELISA reader to measure the Optical Density(O.D) at 595 nm wavelength filter. MCF-7 was linearly proliferated according to culture time and concentrations of OVIS. On the other hand, MG-63 cells were measured the highest O.D value at 12%. The growth rates of both cells cultured in mixed culture media with OVIS are much higher than those in only basic media, DMEMHG, after 14days. It was confirmed that cell cultured at OVIS grows rapidly at certain period although cells showed a negative effect in initial stage.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.446-452
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• 2008

중금속 제거를 위한 조류 Spirulina platensis의 생물흡착 특성에 관해 연구하기 위하여, 조류 균체와 Ca-alginate를 이용하여 조류를 고정화한 고정체에 대하여 각각 회분식반응기에서 Pb와 Cu의 제거 실험을 하였다. Spirulina platensis 균체에 의한 Pb와 Cu의 생물흡착은 20분 이내에 흡착평형에 도달하였다. Pb와 Cu의 흡착량은 초기 농도가 증가하거나 용액의 pH가 높아짐에 따라 증가하여, pH 4.5$\sim$5.0에서 최적 조건을 나타내었다. Pb 혹은 Cu의 농도가 200 mg/L일 때, Spirulina platensis의 단위 무게당 흡착된 Pb와 Cu의 최대 흡착량은 각각 86.43과 57.02 mg/g이었으며, 이는 같은 조건에서 활성탄보다 1.94와 1.48배 높은 값이다. Spirulina platensis 균체에 의한 Pb와 Cu의 흡착특성은 Freundlich와 Langmuir 흡착등온식에 의해 잘 해석되었으며, Langmuir 흡착등온식에 의해 구한 흡착제 단위 무게당 흡착되는 Pb 혹은 Cu의 최대 흡착량($q_{max}$)은 각각 95.24와 62.50 mg/g이었다. Sp. platensis 균체에 대한 FT-IR 분석결과 여러 가지의 기능기들을 확인하였고, 이러한 기능기들이 수용액상에서 금속 이온과 반응할 수 있다. 조류 Spirulina platensis를 Ca-alginate를 이용하여 고정화한 고정체에 의한 Pb와 Cu의 생물흡착의 경우, 40분 정도에 흡착평형에 도달하여 균체에 의한 경우에 비하여 약간의 확산제한이 관찰되었다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2003년도 생물공학의 동향(XIII)
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• pp.268-272
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• 2003

LSW는 유기질소원으로 가격이 가장 저렴하면서도 43.3 mL/L를 이용할 경우에 250 g/L의 glucose로부터 erythritol을 53%의 수율과 0.52 g/L-hr의 생산성 및 132 g/L의 농도로 생산이 가능하였다. 따라서 산업용 쓰이기에 충분한 가능성을 보였다. Erythritol의 생산성 향상을 위한 발효 조건의 최적화에 대한 실험을 수행한 결과 기본 발효배지에 65 mL/L의 농도로 LSW를 이용할 경우에 250 g/L의 glucose로부터 erythritol의 수율은 44% 약간 낮아졌지만, 생산성은 0.66 g/L-hr로 1.3배 증가하였다. Growth stage에서 고농도 균체를 얻기 위하여 glucose를 feeding 방법에 관한 연구에서는 glucose 100 g/L와 LSW 500 mL/L를 같이 넣고 배양하는 회분식 배양 방법을 통해 23시간만에 77.6 g/L의 균체를 얻을 수 있었다. Erythritol의 수율 향상을 위하여 production stage에서 최적의 glucose 농도에 대한 연구를 수행한 결과 발효조 내에서 glucose의 농도가 450 g/L 가 되도록 할 경우에 185.5 g/L의 erythritol을 37.3%의 생성 수율과 1.66 g/L-hr의 생산성으로 얻을 수 있었다. 따라서 산업용 질소원으로 선정된 LSW를 가지고 2단계 유가식 배양을 통하여 회분식 배양과 비교해 볼 때 수율은 1.1배정도 감소되었지만 erythritol의 생산성은 2.5 배 정도 향상시킬 수 있었다.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2002

C. tropicalis ATCC 20336을 이용하여 높은 수율과 생산성으로 xylitol을 생산하기 위하여 glucose 배지에서 짧은 시간에 고농도로 세포를 배양한 후에 xylose를 첨가하여 xylitol로 전환하는 2단계 유가식 발효공정에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. Cell growth-stage에서의 배지공급 방법으로는 glucose가 모두 고갈된 후에 pH가 5.7 이상으로 올라가는 것을 신호로 glucose를 첨가하는 pH-stat 방법으로 18.5시간 배양에 의하여 67.9 g/L의 세포 농도를 얻었으며, ethanol 생성은 1.0 g/L로 매우 낮았다. Production-stage에서 최적의 초기 xylose 농도는 150 g/L이었으며, 이때에 2 g/L ($NH_4)_2SO_4$, 1 g/L $K_2HPO_4$, 0.2 g/L $MgSO_47H_2$O로 구성된 mineral salt를 2회 첨가에 의하여 xylitol의 생성이 향상되었다 그러나 0.2 vvm에서 1.0 vvm 사이의 통기조건에서는 xylitol의 생산에 큰 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 반면에 production-stage에서 yeast extract를 10 g/L가 되도록 첨가한 경우에 xylitol 수율과 생산성이 큰 폭으로 증가하였다. 즉 xylose 농도가 약 150 g/L이 되도록 232.5 g의 xylose를 2회 첨가한 경우에 배양액의 최종 부피는 1.67 L이 되었고, 이때의 xylitol 농도는 193 g/L이었으며, 수율은 70%이고 생산성은 3.55 g/L.h이었다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.244-249
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• 2009

Designing an ozone contactor is complicated because the residual ozone, log C. parvum inactivation, and bromate formation should be optimized with fluctuating water quality. OCM software was developed to assist a plant designer or an operator to fulfill the sophisticated optimization required in the design or operation of a new or an existing plant. In this article, numerical simulations were carried out using the OCM software for the design of a new ozone contactor under diverse design factors (i.e., three pHs, three temperatures, low and high dispersion numbers, and four and ten cells with complete mixing) with kinetic parameters obtained from the sand-filter effluent of a water treatment plant treating water from the Paldang impoundment. The results of the simulation suggested that a high residual ozone concentration at low pH and low temperature would be challenging, and PFR-like hydrodynamics could lower the residual ozone concentration. The inactivation of C. parvum oocysts increased at a lower pH. A lower dispersion number and more cell division increased the inactivation efficiency. Bromate was instantaneously formed during the initial ozonation stage. The effluent concentration was much lower than the regulatory levels imposed by the USEPA because of the low bromide level in raw water.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.62-66
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• 2020

Ethanol fermentation of the enzymatic hydrolysates from the products pretreated using 1-ethyl-3-methyl-imidazolium acetate ([EMIM]Ac) and its co-solvents with dimethylformamide (DMF) was conducted using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (D452-2). The optical density change due to the yeast cell growth, the consumption amount of monosugars (glucose, xylose), the concentration of acetate, and ethanol production yield were investigated. The co-solvent system lowered inhibition of the growth of the cells. The highest concentration of glucose (7.8 g/L) and xylose (3.6 g/L) was obtained from the enzymatic hydrolysates of the pretreated product by pure [EMIM]Ac. The initial concentration of both monosugars in the enzymatic hydrolysates was decreased with increasing fermentation time. Ethanol of Approximately 3 g/L was produced from the enzymatic hydrolysates by pure [EMIM]Ac and co-solvent with less than 50% DMF.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.349-355
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• 2006

Dextromethorphan hydrobromide (DXM) has been widely used as a nonopioid antitussive drug with low toxicity and low potential for drug dependency. DXM is a psychotropic drug since 2003 in our country. This study was performed to investigate the immunotoxicity induced by abuse of DXM. Mice were orally exposed to DXM dissolved in saline as concentration of 30, 60, and 120 mg/kg b.w. before (day-2) or after (day+2) immunization (OVA-antigen, day 0). Thereafter, we measured the increased rate of body weight, relative weight of organ (thymus, spleen, liver, kidney) and OVA-specific IgM level in sera. In addition, mouse splenocytes were exposed to various concentration of DXM $(0.001{\sim}100{\mu}M)$ and cultured with B cell mitogen (LPS) and splenocytes proliferations (SP) were measured by MTT-assay. Thymus-weight were slightly changed on day 9 after administration of DXM, but body-, spleen-, liver-, and kidney-weight were not different between control group and DXM-treated group. SP to LPS were significantly decreased at high concentration $(100{\mu}M)$ when compared with controls. When DXM was administered before or after immunization with OVA-antigen, OVA-specific IgM levels were significantly lowered in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that DXM nay depress the primary humoral immune response to the initial antigenic challenge.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 1994

Aureobasidium pullulans에 의한 whey배지에서 플루란의 생산에 대한 연구가 수행되었다. Whey배지에서 풀루란의 발효생산에 대한 실험결과, 최종균체농도는 sucrose 기본배지에서와 동일하였으나 풀루란의 생산은 5g/$\ell$로 저조하였다. Whey배지에서 풀루란 생산을 향산시키이 위하여 lactose와 galactose 기본배지에서 적응배양을 시도하였다. 적응배양을 시도하지 않은 경우, lactose를 탄소원으로 한 배지에서 3.4g/$\ell$, galactose를 탄소원으로 한 배지에서 2.5g/$\ell$의 풀루란 생산을 보였으나 적응배양방법을 이용하여 lactose로부터 10~12g/$\ell$, galacrose 기본배지에서 lactose에 적응배양된 균은 13.5g/l의 풀루란을 생산하였고 galactose에 적응배양된 균은 18.6g/l를 생산하였다. Whey배지에 적응배양된 균을 접종한 결과 초기 pH3.0일때 풀루란 생산이 최대값을 보였다.