• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.43-55
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• 2009

This study investigated trajectories of change in the career maturity of elementary school students and of attachment to parents and academic achievement as predictors of change. The 2844 participants were 1524 boys and 1320 girls in the Korea Youth Panel Survey. They were fourth graders in 2004 and became seventh graders in 2007. Latent growth curve modeling indicated that : (1) Trajectories of change in career maturity from fourth grade to seventh grade modeled quadratic growth. (2) Variance of career maturity in initial levels, linear slope and quadratic slope indicated individual differences intrajectories of change in career maturity. (3) Attachment to parents influenced initial levels of career maturity academic achievement influenced both initial levels and linear slope of career maturity.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.69-84
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• 2006

Reports on the comparison of clinical effect between non-surgical and surgical therapy, and the change of the clinical parameters during maintenance phase have been rarely presented in Korea. This study was to observe the clinical changes during maintenance phase of 6 months in patients with chronic periodontitis treated by non-surgical or surgical therapy in Department of Periodontics, Chonnam National University Hospital. Among the systemically healthy and non-smoking patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis, twenty eight patients (mean age: 47.5 years) treated by non-surgical therapy (scaling and root planning) and nineteen patients (mean age: 47.3 years) treated by surgical therapy (flap surgery) were included in this study. The periodontal supportive therapy including recall check and oral hygiene reinforcement was started as maintenance phase since 1 month of healing after treatment. Probing depth, gingival recession. clinical attachment level and tooth mobility were recorded at initial, baseline and 1, 2, 3 and 6 month of maintenance phase. The clinical parameters were compared between the non-surgical and surgical therapies using Student t-test and repeated measure ANOVA by initial probing depth and surfaces. Surgical therapy resulted in greater change in clinical parameters than non-surgical therapy. During the maintenance phase of 6 months, the clinical effects after treatment had been changed in different pattern according to initial probing depth and tooth surface. During maintenance phase, probing depth increased more and gingival recession increased less after surgical therapy, compared to non-surgical therapy. The sites of initial probing depth less than 3 mm lost more clinical attachment level, and the sites of initial probing depth more than 7 mm gained clinical attachment level during maintenance phase after non-surgical therapy, compared to surgical therapy. Non-surgical therapy resulted in greater reduction of tooth mobility than surgical therapy during maintenance phase. These results indicate that the clinical effects of non-surgical or surgical therapy may be different and may change during the maintenance phase.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.10-19
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• 2021

In the flotation process to remove microplastic (MP) particles, the attachment and separation efficiency is determined by the basic physicochemical characteristics of MP particles as well as bubbles. To evaluate the flotation characteristics of MP particles, we carried out a series of simulations using the population balance (PB) model. The initial attachment coefficient (αo) of MP particles was in the range of 0.2-0.275, and it was slightly lower than that of typical particles, such as clay, debris and algae particles, which exist in water bodies, αo, 0.3-0.4. The relative bubble number (RBN) attached to the surface of the typical number of bubbles was 0.30 and 0.32 for MP 30 ㎛ and MP 58 ㎛, respectively. In comparison, the RBN of larger MP particles (138 ㎛) was as high as 0.53. Furthermore, smaller microbubbles were required to separate properly or additional treatment needed to be applied to enhance collision and attachment efficiency since the flotation of MP particles was found to be difficult to treat as high-rate. As a result of comparing the removal rate (experimental value) of MP particles obtained from the batch-type flotation apparatus and the flotation removal rate (predicted value) of MP obtained through the PB model, the final particles by the particle size of MP overall except for the initial separation time area. With respect to the removal efficiency, the observed and predicted values were similar, and it was confirmed that the floating separation characteristics and evaluation of the MP particles through the PB model could be possible.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.893-914
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• 1999

Tooth mobility may be the decisive factor that determines whether dental treatment of any kind is undertaken. Although tooth mobility in isolation says little in itself, the finding of increased tooth mobility is of both diagnostic and prognostic importance. Only the detection of an increase or decrease in mobility makes an evaluation possible. Thus prior to treatment, we must understand the pathologic process causing the observed the tooth mobility and decide whether the pattern and degree of observed tooth mobility is reversible or irreversible. And then it must be decided whether retention and treatment or extraction and replacement. The purpose of this study was to compare tooth mobility at different time period during root planing and flap operation and to relate changes in mobility to each treatment method. Twenty-one patients (287 teeth) with chronic adult periodontitis were treated with root planing(control group) and flap operation(experimental group), and each group was divided 3 subgroups based upon initial probing pocket depth (1-3mm, 4-6mm, 7mm and more). Tooth mobility was measured with $Periotest^{(R)}$ at the day of operation, 4 days, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, 12 weeks after each treatment. Tooth mobility, attachment loss, radiographic bone loss, and bleeding on probing were measured at the day of operation, 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment. 1. In group initial probing depth was 1-3mm, tooth mobility had no significant difference after root planing and flap operation. 2 . In group initial probing depth was 4-6mm, 7mm and more, tooth mobility had decreased in 12 weeks after root planing(p<0.01). And the mobility had increased after flap operation(p<0.01) and was at peak in 1 week, and decreased at initial level in 4 weeks, below the initial level in 12 weeks(p<0.01). 3. In 1 week, significant difference in tooth mobility between control and experimental group was found(p<0.01) but, in 12 weeks no difference between two groups was found. 4. Change of immediate tooth mobility after treatment was more larger in deep pocket than in shallow one. In group with the same probing pocket depth, the change of tooth mobility in molar group was greater than that of premolar group. 5. Tooth mobility before treatment was more strongly correlated with radiographic bone loss (r=0.5325) than probing depth, attachment loss and bleeding on probing, in 12 weeks after treatment, was more strongly correlated with attachment loss($r^2$=0.4761) than probing depth and bleeding on probing. Evaluation of the treatment effect and the prognosis after root planing and flap operation were meaningful on tooth initial probing depth 4mm and more. After flap operation, evaluation of the prognosis should be performed at least in 4 weeks and in 12 weeks after treatment, no difference in tooth mobility between two groups was observed. Radiographic bone loss and attachment loss were good clinical indicators to evaluate tooth mobility.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.31-35
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• 2012

A new obligatory subject, Computer Programming IV, is organized in the Department of Informatics, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University. The purposes of the subject are as follows: (1) Attachment to each laboratory for bachelor thesis was usually at the initial stage of the student's fourth academic year. This subject actually moves up the attachment because students are tentatively attached to a laboratory for this subject. The interval to complete their bachelor thesis is extended by half a year. (2) In each laboratory, students cooperate with each other to complete their project. The project becomes capstone design which JABEE (Japan Accreditation Board for Engineering Education) is recently emphasizing. We not only explain the introduction of this subject, but also report some case studies.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.11
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• pp.657-679
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• 2021

This study aimed to explore the experience and nature of emotional care for elderly parent living alone for middle-aged adult who formed initial insecure attachment with his or her parent. To this end, 12 middle-aged people aged 45 to 60 (3 males and 9 females) were recruited as subjects of the study, interviewed in-depth, and analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological research method. As a result of the study, 60 constitutive meanings, 18 themes, and 4 thematic groups were derived for the experience of middle-aged adult who experienced insecure attachment to his or her parent and caring for the emotional needs of elderly parent living alone. Thematic groups included "negative experiences that caused emotional exhaustion," "emotional driving force in emotional care," "the role of helper in parental care," and "economic and physical content in emotional care". This study is meaningful in that it revealed the phenomenon of experiences of emotional care for parent living alone by middle-aged adult who had an initial unstable attachment with his or her parent to understand them and contributed to the provision of counseling data.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.188-201
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• 1996

One of the initial events required for periodontal regeneration is the attachment, spreading and proliferation of fibroblasts at the healing sites. These have been reported that minocycline stimulates the attachment of gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells and $TGF-{\beta}1$ enhances the proliferation of periodontal ligament cells. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and confirm the effect of minocycline and $TGF-{\beta}1$ on human gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells. That gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells used in this study were obtained from the explants of healthy periodontal ligaments and gingival tissues of extracted 3rd molars or premolar teeth extracted from the patients with orthodontic treatment. The cells were cultured in ${\alpha}-MEM$(minimal essential medium) supplemented with antibiotics and FBS(fetal bovine serum) at $37^{\circ}C$ in a humidified atmosphere of 5% carbon dioxide-95% air. Cells were used between the 5th to 8th passage in this study. The attachment and activity of both cells were evaluated by MTT assay. The results were as follows: 1. Maximum gingival fibroblast attachment was seen at a $50{\mu}g/ml$ dose of minocycline, while maximum periodontal ligament cell attachment was seen at a $100{\mu}g/ml$, and exposure of both cells to minocycline above maximal attachment dose results in a decline from maximum attachment. 2. The activity values of both cells tested minocycline were below to the control activity values at all concentrations. 3. The attachment values of both cells tested $TGF-{\beta}1$ were below or similar to control attachment values. On the above the findings, minocycline stimulated the cell attachment of gingival fibroblasts and periodontal ligament cells and $TGF-{\beta}1$ enhances the cell activity of periodontal ligament cells.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.385-390
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• 2014

Abalone immortal cell lines can be used to study the physiological properties and disease mechanisms of abalone at the cellular and molecular level. As a first step for the final goal to establish abalone immortal cell lines, we examined various initial culture conditions for primary cell populations derived from Haliotis discus hannai radula tissue. The survival rate after cell isolation procedures using the enzymatic method was as low as $9.95{\pm}2.37%$. Based on three different experimental conditions for H. discus hannai radula-derived cell culture, we found that the salinity of the media and the presence of growth-promoting factors were important to support radula-derived primary cell populations during the initial culture. The growth factor-containing media adjusted to 35 psu salinity could induce 100% (8 out of 8 trials) initial cell attachment, and the rate of cell attachment reached 50-70%. The data obtained from this study will provide useful information for developing immortal cell lines from abalone species.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.358-361
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• 2004

This paper describes the development process of high stiffness body for ride and handling performance. High stiffness and light weight vehicle is a major target in the refinement of passenger cars to meet customers' contradictable requirements between ride and handling performance and fuel economy. This paper describes the analysis approach process for high stiffness body through the data level of body stiffness. According to the frequency band, we can suggest the design guideline about Is cornering static stiffness, torsional and lateral stiffness, body attachment stiffness. The ride and handling characteristic of a vehicle is significantly affected by vibration transferred to the body through the chassis mounting points from front and rear suspension. It is known that body attachment stiffness is an important factor of ride and handling performance improvement. And high stiffness helps to improve the flexibility of bushing rate tuning between Handling and road noise. It makes it possible to design the good handling performance vehicle at initial design stage and save vehicles to be used in tests by using mother car at initial design stage. These improvements can lead to shortening the time needed to develop better vehicles.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.335-342
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• 2009

Purpose: This study, using a pre-post test design of non-equivalence comparative group, was done to determine effects of Kangaroo care (KC) on growth in premature infants and on maternal attachment (MA). Methods: Fifty-three premature infants were assigned to the KC (24) or control group (CG) (29). Data were collected from July 2007 to June 2008. KC was given for 60 min at a time, Monday, Wednesday, and Friday for 10 times. Weight, height, and head circumference (HC) of premature infants were checked before the program started. Following the initial measurement, the program was given and measurements were taken again at the end of the program. For measurement of attachment between mother and infant, data collection was done using structured self-reported questionnaires. Results: KC group had a higher weight (t=2.565, p=.013), height (t=2.182, p=.034) and HC (t=2.468, p=.017) than the CG. Compared to the CG, the KC had significantly higher scores in MA (t=2.026, p=.048). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the practice of KC in the nursing environment might actively promote attachment between mother and infant as well as acceleration of growth for premature infants as one of the most efficient nursing intervention.