• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.482-489
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• 2007

Kaempferitrin, isolated from Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), was examined to evaluate its modulatory effects on antigen-presenting cell functions of macrophages/monocytes such as phagocytosis of foreign materials, up-regulation of costimulatory molecules (CD40, CD80 and CD86), adhesion molecule activation, and antigen processing and presentation. Kaempferitrin strongly blocked up-regulation of CD40, CD80 and CD86, but not pattern recognition receptor (PRR) (e.g., TLR2). It also suppressed functional activation of CD29 (${\beta}1$-integrins), as assessed by cell-cell adhesion assay, required for T cell-antigen-presenting cell (APC) interaction. Furthermore, this compound did not block a simple activation of CD29, as assessed by cell-fibronectin adhesion assay. However, the compound did not diminish phagocytic uptake, an initial step for antigen processing, and ROS generation in RAW264.7 cells. In particular, to understand molecular mechanism of kaempferitrin-mediated inhibition, the regulatory role of LPS-induced signaling events was examined using immunoblotting analysis. Interestingly, this compound dose dependently suppressed the phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B{\alpha}$, Src, Akt and Syk, demonstrating that it can negatively modulate the activation of these signaling enzymes. Therefore, our data suggested that kaempferitrin may be involved in regulating APC function-relevant immune responses of macrophages and monocytes by regulating intracellular signaling.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2016

Up-regulation of adhesion molecules plays an important role in the infiltration of leukocytes into the skin during the development of various inflammatory skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis. In this study, we investigated the modulatory effects of 2,3-dimethoxy-2′-hydroxychalcone (DMHC) on tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression and monocyte adhesiveness, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying its action in the HaCaT human keratinocyte cell line. Pre-treating HaCaT cells with DMHC significantly suppressed TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression and subsequent monocyte adhesiveness. DMHC inhibited TNF-α-induced activation of NF-ᴋB. In addition, DMHC induced HO-1 expression as well as NRF2 activation. Furthermore, HO-1 knockdown using siRNA reversed the inhibitory effect of DMHC on TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression and adhesion of monocytes to keratinocytes. These results suggest that DMHC may inhibit TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression and adhesion of monocytes to keratinocytes by suppressing the signaling cascades leading to NF-ᴋB activation and inducing HO-1 expression in keratinocytes. [BMB Reports 2016; 49(1): 57-62]

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.576-582
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• 2002

Probiotics are live microbial feed supplements which beneficially affect the host animal by improving its intestinal microflora. To select the best Lactobacillus spp. as a chicken probiotic, probiotic characteristics of 10 selected Lactobacillus strains isolated from chicken cecum or obtained from KCTC were investigated. The strains were examined for resistance to pH 2.0 and 0.3% oxgall, and adhesion to cecal mucus and cecal epithelial cells. All strains grew in MRS containing 0.3% oxgall. However, Lb. plantarum AYM-10, Lb. fermentum YL-3, AYM-3, and Lb. paracasei YL-6 showed relatively high resistance to 0.3% oxgall. Lb. fermentum YL-3, YM-5, AYM-3, and Lb. paracasei YL-6 survived 4 hours of incubation at pH 2.0. Lb. fermentum YL-3, KCTC 3112, and Lb. plantarum AYL-5 were strongly adhesive to cecal mucus, while the rest showed moderate or low adhesion. Lb. plantarum AYM-10, AYL-1, and AYL-5 had good adhering properties to cecal epithelial cells (30.7$\pm$10.82, 40.2$\pm$20.90, and 14.5$\pm$4.22, respectively). Lb. fermentum YL-3, AYM-3, and KCTC 3547 showed Intermediate adhesion ability, and Lb. plantarum showed better adhesion ability to cecal epithelial cells than Lb. fermentum. Attached Lb. fermentum YL-3 to cecum after 60 min incubation was confirmed using CLSM. Lb. fermentum YL-3 attached to a matrix which was composed of a mucus layer adjacent to intracrypts and pericryptal region. Some Lb. fermentum YL-3 bound to mucosal epithelial cells. From these results, Lb. fermentum YL-3 was selected as a chicken probiotic. In vivo trials of chicks inoculated with Lb. fermentum YL-3 had decreased Salmonella population in cecal contents and livers (p<0.5).

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2018

It is noted that Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) triggers dental caries establishment by two major factors: the synthesis of organic acids, which demineralize dental enamel, and the synthesis of glucans, which mediate the attachment of bacteria to the tooth surface. Therefore, it is noted that the development of a more effective, substantial and safe preventive agent that works against dental caries and periodontal disease is required at this time. For this reason, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of croton seed ethanol extracts on the growth, acid production, adhesion, and insoluble glucan synthesis of S. mutans. In this case, the ethanol extract of croton seed showed concentration dependent inhibitory activity against the growth, acid production and adhesion of S. mutans. Especially, it is important to note that it has produced significant inhibition at the concentration of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/ml as compared to the control group. Moreover, these results suggest that the application of croton seed extract may be considered to be a useful method for the prevention of dental caries.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.350-355
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• 2005

Selectins are carbohydrate-binding cell adhesion molecules that play a major role in the initiation of inflammatory responses. Heparin can bind to P-selectin, and its anti-inflammatory property is mainly due to inhibition of P-selectin. However, the strong anticoagulant activity of heparin limits its clinical use. We prepared periodate-oxidized, borohydride-reduced heparin (RO-heparin) by chemical modification and tested its anticoagulant and anti-inflammatory activities. Activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assays showed that, compared with heparin, RO-heparin had greatly reduced anticoagulant activity. Intravenous administration of this compound led to reduction in the peritoneal infiltration of neutrophils in a mouse acute inflammation model. In vitro cell adhesion experiments demonstrated that the effect of RO-heparin on inflammatory responses was mainly due to inhibiting the interaction of P-selectin with its ligands. These results indicate that RO-heparin may be a safer treatment for inflammation than heparin, especially when selectin is targeted.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.630-635
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• 2015

Downregulation of olfactomedin-4 (OLFM4) is associated with tumor progression, lymph node invasion and metastases. However, whether or not downregulation of OLFM4 is associated with epigenetic silencing remains unknown. In this study, we investigate the role of OLFM4 in gastric cancer cell invasion. We confirm the previous result that OLFM4 expression is increased in gastric cancer tissues and decreases with an increasing number of metastatic lymph nodes, which are associated with OLFM4 promoter hypermethylation. Overexpression of OLFM4 in gastric cancer cells had an inhibitory effect on cell invasion. Furthermore, we found that focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was negatively correlated with OLFM4 in regards to lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer tissues. Also, inhibition of FAK induced by OLFM4 knockdown resulted in a decrease in cell invasion. Thus, our study demonstrates that epigenetic silencing of OLFM4 enhances gastric cancer cell invasion via activation of FAK signaling.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 2008

Antioxidant and anti-rheumatoid activities of Cirsium japonicum leaf extract (CJLE) were investigated in this study. CJLE had similar DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power to ascorbic acid and several flavonoids. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory tissue-destructive disease, partly related with functions of hyaluronidases (HAases) and collgenases. CJLE ($1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$) had approximately 60.7 and 31.9% inhibition of HAase and collagenase activity, respectively. Also, CJLE inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite production in a dose-dependent manner, and CJLE ($1,000\;{\mu}g/mL$) suppressed approximately 70% of LPS-induced nitrite production effectively in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. CJLE had inhibitory effects on the adherence of monocytic THP-1 to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayers to the basal level. Inhibitory effect of CJLE on the adhesion was caused by suppression of tumor necrosis factor-a-upregulated expression of vascular cellular adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin. We expect that CJLE may alleviate the inflammatory process in rheumatoid synovium, and these findings will raise the possibility of the usage of C. japonicum as a traditional pharmaceutical of anti-rheumatoid arthritis.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1371-1378
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to elucidate the anti-inflammatory activities of chopi (Zanthoxylum piperitum A.P. DC.) essential oil. Essential oil (EO) of chopi was extracted by steam distillation method, and its major constituents were limonene and geranyl acetate. Chopi-EO decreased approximately 38% of nitrite production, as compared to the lipopolysaccharde (LPS)-induced nitrite production. However, chopi-EO and its components did not quench nitric oxide (NO) chemically in cellfree system, and markedly inhibited approximately 40.4% of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA transcription. In addition, the inhibition of E-selectin gene transcription by chopi-EO caused the suppression of cellular adhesion. These results suggest that chopi-EO may exert potential anti-immunological inflammatory activity.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.514-521
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• 1993

Monocyte interaction with fibronectin (FN) mediates specific cell surface receptors and results in cell attachment and differentiation. Several cell-mediated activities for various fragments of FN have been documented. To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of monocyte differentiation by cell binding domains of FN and their receptors, cell attachment-, cell migration-, and its respective inhibition assay were carried out. Monocyte recognizes 38-kDa domain distinctively from its recognition of 85-kDa domain, and the heparin-binding site of the 38-kDa fragment is not involved in monocyte adhesion. Based on these experimental results, it can be suggested that monocvte/macrophase interacts with at least two different sites in FN, which is critical step in cell adhesion and (or) migration.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 1999

To evaluate the antitumor and antimetastatic effects of Samiyeongeontanggamibang(SYTG), We have examined whether SYTG can inhibit the growth of several tumor cell lines, tumor cell adhesion, experimental tumor metastasis and increase survival rate of tumor-bearing mice by inhibition of DNA topoisomrase activity. The results were obtained as follows: 1. SYTG extracts revealed an efficient cytotoxicity against A549, SK-OV-3, B16-F10, and SK-MEL-2 cell lines. 2. SYTG extracts inhibited DNA topo-isomerase I from calf thymus. 3. The T/C% in S-180 bearing ICR mice treated with SYTG was 115.8% 4. SYTG extracts significantly inhibited adhesion of A549 cell to complex extracellular matrix. 5. In pulmonary colonization assay, SYTG suppressed lung metastases in tumor cell-injected mice. 6. In CAM assay, SYTG extracts inhibited angiogenesis at $15{\mu}g/egg$ concentration as compared with control. These results suggested that SYTG extracts might be a potent inhibitor of cancer.