• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.559-563
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• 2006

The growth responses of six bacterial strains exposed to materials extracted from turmeric (Curcuma longa) rhizomes were examined using impregnated paper disk agar diffusion. Methanol extracts of turmeric rhizomes exhibited strong inhibitory activity against Clostridium perfringens and weak inhibitory activity toward Escherichia coli at 5 mg/disk. However, in tests conducted with Bifidobacterium adolescentis, B. bifidum, B. longum, and Lactobacillus casei, the methanol extract showed no inhibitory response. The biologically active constituent isolated from the turmeric rhizomes extracts was characterized as ar-turmerone using various spectroscopic analyses including EI-MS and NMR. The responses varied according to the dosage, chemicals, and bacterial strain tested. At 2 and 1 mg/disk, ar-turmerone strongly inhibited the growth of C. perfringens and moderately inhibited the growth of E. coli without any adverse effects on the growth of four lactic acid-bacteria. Of the commercially available compounds originating from turmeric rhizomes, curcumin exhibited strong and moderate growth inhibition against C. perfringens at 2 and 1 mg/disk, respectively, and weak growth inhibition against E. coli at 1 mg/disk. However, little or no activity was observed for borneol, 1,8-cineole, and sabinene against all six bacteria strains tested. The observed inhibitory activity of the turmeric rhizome-derived curcumin and ar-turmerone against C. perfringens and E. coli demonstrate one of the important pharmacological activities of turmeric rhizomes.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2012

Objectives : The present study was designed to investigate effects of Ssanghwa-tang (Shu$\bar{a}$nghu$\bar{a}$-g$\bar{e}$ng) on oxidation/reduction reaction-related and aging-related enzymes $in$ $vitro$. Methods : We performed MTT assay, collagenase inhibition assay, elastase inhibition assay, tyrosinase inhibition assay, DPPH free radical scavenging assay, SOD-like activity and xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibition assay. Results : The 50% ethanol (EtOH) extract of Ssanghwa-tang (SHT) showed 55% inhibition of collagenase activity, and 42% inhibition of elastase activity at 1 mg/ml concentration. Also it's treatment showed 18% inhibition of tyrosinase activity, to relate whitening effect, at the same dose of 50% ethanol extract of SHT. Antioxidant activities were determined by DPPH radical scavenging, XO inhibiting activity and SOD-like activity. These scavenging, XO-inhibiting and SOD-like activities were measured in 80%, 75%, and 28% inhibitions, respectively, at a 1 mg/ml treated dose, compared to those of control. The inhibitory effects of 50% EtOH extract on aging and oxidation-related enzyme activities were higher than those of water extract and 95% EtOH extract. Conclusions : Taken together, our findings suggest that the SHT has potential and applicable benefits for development of cosmetics to have anti-aging (anti-wrinkle and whitening) and anti-oxidation functions.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.88-95
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• 2013

Candida 바이오필름은 숙주조직과 의료기기의 표면에 자라는 자가-조직화된 미생물의 군락으로 전통적인 항진균제에 대한 저항성이 높게 나타난다. 황금(Scutellaria baicalensis)의 뿌리는 극동지방에서 의료용 목적으로 널리 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구의 목적은 10 C. albicans 임상 분리균주에 의해 형성된 바이오필름에 대한 황금의 수용성 추출물의 효과를 평가하고, 항바이오필름 활성에 대한 메커니즘을 알아보는 것이다. 바이오필름에 대한 효과는 XTT 환원분석법을 사용하였으며, 조사된 모든 균주에 대한 대사활성은 MIC에서 유의하게 감소($57.7{\pm}17.3$%)하였다. 황금추출물은 (1,3)-${\beta}$-D-글루칸 합성효소의 활성을 저해하였고 C. albicans의 형태에 대한 황금의 효과는 글루칸 합성의 억제로 인한 생장의 변화와 관련이 있었다: 대부분의 세포는 둥글고 팽창되었으며 세포벽이 진하게 염색되거나 파열되었다. 항캔디다 활성은 살진균성이었고, 황금은 C. albicans를 $G_0/G_1$기에 머물게 했다. 데이터는 황금이 목표가 되는 균류에 다중의 치명적인 효과를 내며, (1,3)-${\beta}$-D-글루칸 합성효소의 활성을 저해함을 통해 궁극적으로는 세포벽의 파열과 죽음에 이르게 한다는 것을 나타낸다. 따라서 황금은 바이오필름과 관련된 캔디다의 감염을 치료하고 제거하기 위한 항진균제 개발 후보 물질로서의 가능성을 가진다.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.141-160
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• 2006

The obtained results are summarized as follows 1. New findings are reporting year by year as for the study related to Anti-inflammatory mechanism of Bee Venom therapy. 2. The Anti-inflammatory effect of Bee Venom therapy is achieved through counterirritation, stimulations to adrenal cortex, immuno-regulation, antioxidation, removal of free radicals, modulation of AGP gene induction. 3. The chief components of Bee Venom related to Anti-inflammatory effect are Melittin, MCD peptide, Apamin, Adolapin etc. 4. Melittin binds to secretory phospholipase A2 and inhibits its enzymatic activity. 5. Melittin blocks neutophil O2-production. 6. MCD peptide(Peptide 401) stimulates the mast cell secrets histamine, Anti-inflammatory effect caused by this is 'conterirritation'. 7. Melittin & Apamin have an anti-inflammatory effect by inducing cortisone secretion. 8. MCD peptide & Apamin increase immunologic fuction by stimulating hypophysis & adrenal cortex and have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting synthesis of prostaglandin from arachidonic acid. 9. Adolapin have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting COX. 10. Bee Venom have an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing AGP($\alpha$-acid glycoprotein). 11. Bee Venom have an anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting NO, iNOS, PLA2, COX-2, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1, NF-${\kappa}B$, MAP kinase.

• BMB Reports
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2017

Heme oxygenase (HO-1) catalyzes heme to carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin/bilirubin, and iron and is known to prevent the pathogenesis of several human diseases. We assessed the beneficial effect of heme degradation products on osteoclastogenesis induced by receptor activator of NF-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL). Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with CORM-2 (a CO donor) and bilirubin, but not with iron, decreased RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis, with CORM-2 having a more potent anti-osteogenic effect. CORM-2 also inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and osteoclastic resorption activity in marrow-derived macrophages. Treatment with hemin, a HO-1 inducer, strongly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in wild-type macrophages, but was ineffective in $HO-1^{+/-}$ cells. CORM-2 reduced RANKL-induced NFATc1 expression by inhibiting IKK-dependent NF-${\kappa}B$ activation and reactive oxygen species production. These results suggest that CO potently inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting redox-sensitive NF-${\kappa}B$-mediated NFATc1 expression. Our findings indicate that HO-1/CO can act as an anti-resorption agent and reduce bone loss by blocking osteoclast differentiation.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.96-106
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Gleditsiae Fructus 70% EtOH extract (JS_E) on anti-inflammatory action in HaCaT cells (A spontaneously immortalized human keratinocyte cell line) and inhibiting triglyceride genesis in SEB-1 cells (Immortalized human sebocyte). Methods The anti-inflammatory effect of JS_E was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) which measured levels of IP-10, RANTES and MDC in HaCaT cells. Also the effect on secretion of sebum of JS_E was analyzed by TG-S kit which measured the quantity of triglyceride in SEB-1 cells. Results JS_E inhibited IP-10, RANTES and MDC expression in a dose dependent manner. IP-10 expression was inhibited significantly in comparison to TNF-${\alpha}$ and IFN-${\gamma}$ recombination (TI) control group at concentration of JS_E $200{\mu}g/ml$ and RANTES and MDC expressions were inhibited significantly at concentration of JS_E 100, $200{\mu}g/ml$. JS_E also inhibited triglyceride secretion of SEB-1 cells significantly in comparison to the control group in a dose dependent manner. Conclusions This study shows that JS_E has the effects of anti-inflammatory action and inhibiting sebum secretion. According to these results, JS_E can be used for treating skin diseases such as acne and dermatitis caused by inflammation and excessive secretion of sebum by controlling the activity of the HaCaT and SEB-1 cells.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권2호통권98호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the optimun conditions for the isolation of low molecular weight peptides containing histidine, and to evaluate the antioxidant effects of skipjack boiled extracts(SBE). The results are summarized as follows : L-histidine contents of the ordinary muscle and dark muscle extracts were $ 83.1{\pm}1.75{\mu}M/g\;and\;11.0{\pm}2.39\;{\mu}M/g$, respectively. The L-histidine level of the dark muscle was much lower than that of ordinary muscle in the SBE. The extracts were treated with alcalase and neutrase under different pH levels, temperatures, and times. The optimum hydrolysis conditions of SBE were pH 7.0 and a $60^{\circ}$C temperature for 2 hr in the batch reactor, which hydrolyzed 63% of the SBE. HPLC analysis showed a removing effect of the ultrafiltration permeate (UFP) to high molecular weight impurities in SBE. SBE and pure carnosine participated as inhibiting agents to, which was confirmed through the autoxidation processing of linoleic acid. UFP treatment improved the inhibiting ability of SBE to the autoxidation of linoleic acid. The reducing power of the UFP-treated ordinary muscle extracts were 10-fold higher than the dark muscle extracts, and 0.7-fold higher than 20 mM pure carnosine. The UFP-treated ordinary muscle extracts had greater reducing power activity than pure carnosine. The scavenging activities on DPPH radical of the different treated-SBE and pure carnosine were also investigated. Scavenging activities of the ordinary and dark muscle extracts and the pure carnosine were 90%, 70%, and 45%, respectively. In summary, Skipjack boiled extracts (SBE) demonstrated that low molecular weight peptides containing histidine are capable of inhibiting lipid oxidation. They also possessed effective abilities as free radical scavengers and reducing agents, and these activities may increase with increasing concentrations.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.198-204
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• 1988

감자의 polyphenol oxidase에 의한 효소적 갈변을 효과적으로 억제할 수 있는 기초자료를 얻고자, 남작(Solanum tuberosum L.)으로부터 polyphenol oxidase 를 분리하고 조정제하여 그것의 일반적인 성질을 조사하였으며, 현재 우리나라에서 식품첨가물로 인정된 아황산염에 의한 활성억제 효과를 조사한 결과 남작 감자 polyphenol oxidase(E.C.1.10.3.1)의 최적 pH는 6.5이었다. 본 효소의 최적온도는 $37^{\circ}C$이었다. 본 효소의 pH에 대한 안정성은 측정 결과, pH5에서 가장 컸으며, $pH5{\sim}9$까지의 비교적 넓은 안정 범위를 가지는 것으로 보인다. 열에 대한 안정성은 $40^{\circ}C$에서는 60분 경과 후에도 95%의 잔재활성을 나타내어 매어 안정하였으며, $50^{\circ}C$에서도 60분 후에 74%의 잔존활성을 나타내어 비교적 안정하였다. 또한 $60^{\circ}C$에서는 60분 경과 후, 50%의 잔존활성을 나타내었으며, $70^{\circ}C$에서는 안정성이 급격히 저하되어 20분 후의 잔존활성이 24%였다. 남작 감자의 polyphenol oxidase의 기질 특이성은 ${\sigma}-diphenol$류인 catechol, chlorogenic acid 및 (+)-catechin에 대한 활성이 상대적으로 큰 것으로 보아 ${\sigma}-diphenol$ 화합물이 주 기질인 것으로 생각된다. 6. 현재 우리나라에서 사용되고 있는 아황산염에 의한 남작 감자 polyphenol oxidase의 활성억제 효과를 알아본 결과, $Na_2S_2O_4,\;Na_2SO_3{\cdot}7H_2O,\;NaHSO_3$를 각각 0.1mM의 농도로 첨가했을 때에는 효소의 상대활성이 98%로서 활성억제 효과가 거의 없었으며, 1mM의 농도에서는 $NaHSO_3$가, 5mM의 농도에서는 $Na_2SO_3{\cdot}7H_2O$가 각각 가장 낮은 상대활성을 나타내었다. 또한 polyphenol oxidase의 활성이 완전히 억제되는 아황산염의 농도는 $Na_2S_2O4$가 20mM, $Na_2SO_3{\cdot}7H_2O$가 15mM 그리고 $NaHSO_3$가 25mM로 나타났다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.368-377
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• 2020

Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) is the main pathogen causing severe inflammatory diseases and colorectal cancer. Its biofilm plays a key role in the development of colorectal cancer. The objective of this study was to determine the antagonistic effects of cell-free supernatants (CFS) derived from Clostridium butyricum against the growth and biofilm of ETBF. Our data showed that C. butyricum CFS inhibited the growth of B. fragilis in planktonic culture. In addition, C. butyricum CFS exhibited an antibiofilm effect by inhibiting biofilm development, disassembling preformed biofilms and reducing the metabolic activity of cells in biofilms. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, we found that C. butyricum CFS significantly suppressed the proteins and extracellular nucleic acids among the basic biofilm components. Furthermore, C. butyricum CFS significantly downregulated the expression of virulence- and efflux pump-related genes including ompA and bmeB3 in B. fragilis. Our findings suggest that C. butyricum can be used as biotherapeutic agent by inhibiting the growth and biofilm of ETBF.

• 약학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.312-316
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• 2005

To develop a new natural antibiotics from Koran plant resources for dealing with the current situation regarding the rapid increase in antibiotic-resistant pathogen, the in vitro inhibitory activities of essential oils from the young leaves of Glehnia littoralis (Umbelliferae) as well as its main constituents were evaluated against susceptible and resistant species of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The essential oil fraction of G. littoralis and its main components, $\alpha-and\;\beta-pinene$, exhibited significant inhibitory activities against the antibiotic-susceptible and resistant strains of S. pneumoniae, with MICs (minimum inhibiting concentrations) ranging from 4.0mg/ml to 16mg/ml. No remarkable differences were shown between the susceptible and resistant strains. Moreover, the disk diffusion test disclosed that these inhibitory activities were dose­dependent. Furthermore, data from the checkerboard titer test with FICIs (fractional inhibiting concentration indices) from 0.15 to 0.28 indicated synergisms between norfloxacin and $\alpha-or\;{\beta}-pinene$ in activity against S. pneumoniae KCCM49629 and S. pneumoniae CCARM4059.