• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.351-362
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• 2006

Currently, finding one's way in the underground spaces associated with subway stations in large cities is becoming a serious problem, and an environment that facilitates wayfinding is becoming more important. This study investigated interior treatments that function as visual cues in the subway stations of Seoul, Tokyo, and Taipei in order to develop design guidelines that would improve the place-cognition environment. A theoretical study has shown that there are three categories of visual cue for place cognition: marked trails, regional differentiation, and landmarks. The case study showed that marked trails involve treatments like vertical markers, confrontational positioning, and subway color codes. Regional differentiation involves patterns on the floors and walls, and accent colors on the walls and columns. Landmarks include treatments such as super graphics, symbolic features, artistic decoration and special lights. In the cases of Seoul, marked trails and regional differentiation were predominant. In addition, the Olympic symbol 'Hodori' and the ancient Korean character "Hunminjungeum" were used as landmarks. In the cases of Tokyo, regional differentiation predominated over marked trails because of the complexity of the spatial structure and subway line connection system. In the cases of Taipei, simple, unified images predominated, and there was minimal dependence on marked trails and landmarks. The need for regional differentiation was weak, because the stations studied have open structures that guarantee an open field of view. The results of this research could be used as design guidelines, after further experimental verification, that would help to improve the public environment in terms of wayfinding.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.25-43
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• 2016

This research was completed to provide fundamental data regarding the guidelines to installing and managing utility facilities & structures in wetland protected area to advance the functions and sustainable use of ecology services by preserving the ecology within wetland protected area. There were 5 on-site researching areas that were used as the main subject with these areas chosen and considered from 21 inland wetlands that have been designated and are being managed from the Ministry of Environment and by their designated dates as a wetland protected area. The utility facilities in these wetland areas were categorized by their types and a detailed on-site investigation was proceeded with investigation items chosen whereas these facilities are working by their roles from their location, size, used materials, types, information contents and etc., The results showed that regarding informational structures, several locations of information boards were distanced from the main exploring routes which did not consider the visitor's eye level which had their readability dropped and by sunlight, time lapse and water penetration, many information boards were damaged or corrupted so that it was hard to confirm the information noticed or understanding an image. Insufficient observation and educational structures were installed that considered the ecological characteristics of wild animals and their living conditions. Regarding convenience facilities, there were parking lots that were installed on the fore-land and to decrease non-point solution sources, some parking lots needed to be located in protected lowlands while some facilities' shape and colors did not harmonize with their natural surroundings, creating a sense of awareness, which will need some more consideration. As for safety facilities, they were very insufficient compared to other facilities. This means that additional safety structures are needed so that related personnel can be aware of where a visitor is located when an accident occurs. Protectional facilities strongly needed new structures and a management system to cut off entrances and do surveillance so that visitors do not go into areas outside of the managed areas and bring damages to restricted locations. Research labs needed to expand the use of automatic weather systems and water gauge equipments to build fundamental data regarding floodgates that are intimated to the forming of wetlands. Sensor cameras and other types of monitoring systems are needed to monitor the majority types of animals living in the wetlands as well.

• The Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.44-52
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• 1997

Electronic circuits with semiconductor and IC are very weak against the surge voltage and currents. The surge protective devices for electronic circuit and AC power lines are becoming more widely used. It is possible to give rise to the malfunction of the earth leakage circuit breaker(ELB) due to the operation of surge protective devices, and the interruption of AC power lines on account of the malfunction of the ELB brings about several disadvantages such as low operation efficiency and reliability of electronic and informational systems, economical loss, and etc. The aim of the present work is to investigate the dead operation characteristics of the ELB against the surge voltages. The impulse generator of 10[kV) in an 1.2/ 50[~) voltage waveform was fabricated. The dead operation characteristics of the ELB applied by surge voltages were measured under the conditions of KS C 4613 and the test circuit with a varistor. As a consequence, the peak value of the zero-phase sequence circuit of the ELB is increased as the surge voltage and stray capacitance increase. All of the ELBs used in this work were satisfied with the lightning impulse dead operation test condition defined in KS C 4613. However one specimen only did not bring about dead operation in the condition of the test circuit with a varistor. There is high possibility that a large portion of the ELB installed at the AC power lines with the surge protective devices bring about the dead operation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.279-294
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• 2009

This research evaluated Information Application Mechanism based on university student's preference. In other words, the research content is analyzing what is the most effective learning method for lectures. To obtain this research objective I've done some research in theoretical research and pervious research related to informational mechanism. I also analyzed the degree of understanding in learning-efficiency with students based on lectures using various information mechanisms. For the data gathering I've surveyed 82 students living in Busan, and used the survey sheets to gather data, I made the survey sheet with nominal and interval parts to make the analyzement of data easier. The research result is down below. First, It shows that the students with higher understanding in IT preferred lectures with "PPT"s. Second, The "PPT" preference group thought that the "PPT" teaching method is more effective than other methods. Third, The "WRT" preference group thought that the "WRT" teaching method is more effective than other methods. Forth, Both groups gave each method a 3.08 and 2.95 as a total mean value out on a 1-5 scale showing not much difference. However this research has a research limitation like other researches. In other words, there can be some distortion of information when using the interview method to gather data. The researches from now on will need to organize groups by information mechanisms and research the learning-efficiency with each mechanism.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.39-50
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• 2018

Purpose - This study is to propose discriminative management strategies to long-term care facilities based on the empirical analysis after reviewing the effects of social support, perceived by long-term care facility employees, to service orientation. Research design, data, and Methodology - The research model designed social support, job stress, organizational commitment, and service orientation. The survey collected data from 453 customers in a long-term care facility in jeju. The SPSS 18.0 package was used for analysis. Results - First, social support for long-term care facility employees has a negative(-) effect to job stress. Test results, social support factors except appraisal support had a negative impact on job stress. Second, social support has a positive(+) effect to organizational commitment. Test results, informational support, tangible support and appraisal support had significant effects on organizational commitment. However, emotional support had a positive impact on affective commitment and normative commitment. Third, social support has a positive(+) effect to service orientation. Test results had a positive impact. Fourth, job stress has a negative(-) effect to organizational commitment. In the test results, employee's continuance commitment and normative commitment had significant negative effects in job stress. However, affective commitment had no significant impact. Fifth, job stress has a negative(-) effect to service orientation. Test results showed a negative impact. Conclusions - The study implies the following. First, that there should be a change in the social perception of long-term care facilities. 'Long-Term Care Insurance for The Elderly' was enacted to emphasize this responsibility for the elderly problems as a new system. Enactment of this Act was expected to improve the quality of life of the people by stabilizing the elderly life and reducing the burden of families. Therefore, long-term care facility system should be as efficient as possible for making plans for systematic and organizational support. Second, the efforts of facility managers to minimize job stress of employees is necessary. Accordingly, performing spontaneous work is required for a comfortable working environment and management. Third, the systematic education and training to employees for service oriented behavior of the facility will be required in the long term.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.462-471
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• 2018

Even though software (SW) education has not been considered part of the current national kindergarten curriculum, in practice there is growing interest in adopting it. Teachers would be expected to play a key role in the successful introduction and implementation of new educational changes, such as SW education. In preparation for its adoption in ECE, it would be useful to determine ECE teachers' perception and attitudes toward early childhood software education. For this study, 219 ECE teachers' level of concern toward SW education was surveyed using the Stages of Concern Questionnaire. It was found that the teachers' level of concern was the highest at stage 0-Unconcerned and that they had high levels of stage management, personal and informational concern. Thus, a non-user pattern was mostly indicated. However, compared to the typical non-user pattern, the pattern aspect close to critical non-user ever appeared to some extent. In addition, a significant difference in the level of concern was shown at all stages depending on the awareness of the necessity for SW education. The teachers with SW training experience showed a higher intensity only at stage 0. There was a statistically significant difference in stages 0 and 6 depending on the future implementation decision. These results will be utilized as a resource in building an ECE teachers' support system according to their level of concern about SW education.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.683-689
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• 2017

Given that the ratio of adolescents among North Korean refugees is increasing, it is the right time to study the present situation of juvenile North Korean defectors. North Korean adolescents tend to find themselves in an uncomfortable situation as they experience unfamiliar lives in South Korea, and act passively in various situations. A proper resolution of such problems in this situation will help them adapt smoothly to South Korean society. This study investigates the relationship between social support, self-esteem, and problem-solving abilities of North Korean adolescent refugees based on a survey on 213 North Korean teens which was performed for 24 days beginning on June 14 2017. The study results show that emotional, material, informational, and evaluative support for North Korean adolescent defectors, which is a type of social support, had a positive effect on their self-esteem, and self-esteem in turn had a positive effect on their problem solving ability. In addition, self-esteem had a mediating effect on the relationship between the four types of social support and problem solving ability of North Korean adolescent defectors. This study suggested a practical plan to improve the problem solving ability of North Korean adolescent defectors for their smooth adaptation to South Korean society, through social support and improved self-esteem of North Korean adolescents, such as program development or self - development training.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.111-124
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• 2008

The development in information technology allowed most of the information around us into digital information, in other words, a database. The innovation increased the accessibility and helped this society change into an informational age. However, there is a shortcoming of this open source as the users have difficulty in assorting the information that s/he needs and realizing if the information provided is important. Therefore, the need for search engine has risen in such a way to increase the accessibility and facilitation of information provided to the users through searching the necessary information in the database by an easy and accurate way. This aim of study should propose the important design attribute to increase the utilization of search engine through relationship analysis between purpose of user and interface design factors of search engine. In other words, these attributes, as design guideline, could apply to the search engine interface design considering of user's search goal. For this, the purpose in using the search engine and types of search engine interfaces were categorized and correlated the relationships. The search engine interface suggested from the result provides interface that allows efficient search for desired information and embrace a variety in users, eventually increasing the usability in search engine.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.215-240
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• 2013

This research has reviewed the major composition concepts and the positive research results in the selected studies which were theoretically based on IDT (Innovation Diffusion Theory), IRM (Model of Innovation Resistance), TAM(Technology Acceptance Model), and IAPA(Information Asset Protection Activity) in order to improve the theoretical explanation of major characterized factors influencing on the introduction of MST (Mobile Security Technology). The characterized factors for the adaptation of MST and 17 hypotheses on the MST study models in order to test the effects on the intention to use are empirically verified by utilizing the analysis method of structure equation model. As a result of a study, First, the most influential characterized factors of IRM are shown as compatibility, complexity, relative advantage, information asset protection in order. Second, the characterized factors affecting intention to use are shown as relative advantage, compatibility, innovation resistance, performance expectancy. The results of this study are relevantly significant to establish the theoretical foundation of the study on the adaptation of MST and The verification of the characterized factors provide strategic implication for the introduction of MST and policy direction which alleviates informational gap between new MST and previous Security Technology to diffusion agency.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.31
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• pp.193-223
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• 2005

As the number of TV channels rapidly grows, the systematic marketing and PR communication of broadcasters are becoming more and more important. To overcome the challenges the sharply increased competition poses, TV stations ave to intensify their strategic marketing efforts. This paper analyses the editorial information aired about the broadcasters and their TV programming as part of the PR efforts made. This present research project is based on one week periods of analysis of TV programming produced and aired by German broadcasters. The program analysis of the five TV channels included in this study revealed a total of 406 cases in which editorial references were made. The result shows no systematic differences between the public and commercial Broadcasters. Channel-specific differences are, however, obvious. PR communication embedded in the regular programs is increasingly tied to media organization and frequently occurs in the reporting of journalistic content. The high number of promotions as part of informational, and even more so as part of magazine and news formats, must be viewed as problematic. Program related branding and the specific tools used to promote the programs provided further evidence regarding the importance of media economic factors. TV channels not only promote their own programs, but also those of affiliated stations, and the increasing influence of economic considerations will have long-range consequences on the variety and quality of the journalistic output. The study furthermore revealed that TV channels utilize program promotion at any time of the day.