• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.383-391
• /
• 2017

In image processing, image segmentation has been studied by various methods in a long time. Image segmentation is the process of partitioning a digital image into multiple objects and face detection is a typical image segmentation field being used in a variety of applications that identifies human faces in digital images. In this paper, we propose a method for extracting the contours of faces included in images. Using the Viola-Jones algorithm, to do this, we detect the approximate locations of faces from images. But, the Viola-Jones algorithm could detected the approximate location of face not the correct position. In order to extract a more accurate face region from image, we use skin color in this paper. In details, face region would be extracted using the analysis of horizontal and vertical histograms on the skin area. Finally, the face contour is extracted using snake algorithm for the extracted face area. In this paperr, a modified snake energy function is proposed for face contour extraction based snake algorithm proposed by Williams et al.[7]

• Korean Journal of Artificial Intelligence
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2023

The creativity of thesis is that the significance of cyber security challenges in blockchain. The variety of enterprises, including those in the medical market, are the targets of cyberattacks. Hospitals and clinics are only two examples of medical facilities that are easy targets for cybercriminals, along with IoT-based medical devices like pacemakers. Cyberattacks in the medical field not only put patients' lives in danger but also have the potential to expose private and sensitive information. Reviewing and looking at the present and historical flaws and vulnerabilities in the blockchain-based IoT and medical institutions' equipment is crucial as they are sensitive, relevant, and of a medical character. This study aims to investigate recent and current weaknesses in medical equipment, of blockchain-based IoT, and institutions. Medical security systems are becoming increasingly crucial in blockchain-based IoT medical devices and digital adoption more broadly. It is gaining importance as a standalone medical device. Currently the use of software in medical market is growing exponentially and many countries have already set guidelines for quality control. The achievements of the thesis are medical equipment of blockchain-based IoT no longer exist in a vacuum, thanks to technical improvements and the emergence of electronic health records (EHRs). Increased EHR use among providers, as well as the demand for integration and connection technologies to improve clinical workflow, patient care solutions, and overall hospital operations, will fuel significant growth in the blockchain-based IoT market for linked medical devices. The need for blockchain technology and IoT-based medical device to enhance their health IT infrastructure and design and development techniques will only get louder in the future. Blockchain technology will be essential in the future of cybersecurity, because blockchain technology can be significantly improved with the cybersecurity adoption of IoT devices, i.e., via remote monitoring, reducing waiting time for emergency rooms, track assets, etc. This paper sheds the light on the benefits of the blockchain-based IoT market.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.42 no.5 s.305
• /
• pp.29-40
• /
• 2005

According as base of digital hologram has been magnified, discussion of compression technology is expected as a international standard which defines the compression technique of 3D image and video has been progressed in form of 3DAV which is a part of MPEG. As we can identify in case of 3DAV, the coding technique has high possibility to be formed into the hybrid type which is a merged, refined, or mixid with the various previous technique. Therefore, we wish to present the relationship between various image/video coding techniques and digital hologram In this paper, we propose an efficient coding method of digital hologram using standard compression tools for video and image. At first, we convert fringe patterns into video data using a principle of CGH(Computer Generated Hologram), and then encode it. In this research, we propose a compression algorithm is made up of various method such as pre-processing for transform, local segmentation with global information of object image, frequency transform for coding, scanning to make fringe to video stream, classification of coefficients, and hybrid video coding. Finally the proposed hybrid compression algorithm is all of these methods. The tool for still image coding is JPEG2000, and the toots for video coding include various international compression algorithm such as MPEG-2, MPEG-4, and H.264 and various lossless compression algorithm. The proposed algorithm illustrated that it have better properties for reconstruction than the previous researches on far greater compression rate above from four times to eight times as much. Therefore we expect that the proposed technique for digital hologram coding is to be a good preceding research.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.227-245
• /
• 2023

As offline company and online·mobile startups meet in an untact shopping environment, competition among companies in untact shopping is increasing. In this situation, companies need their own clear strategy to create customer value. In particular, it is very important to focus on 'customer experience' to establish such a strategy in an untact shopping environment. Customer experience refers to all processes in which consumers meet and experience a company or brand at a touch point. In this processes consumers decide whether to continue to use the company and brand. In this situation, it is thought that it will be meaningful for research to examine the customer experience of untact shopping. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the customer experience of untact shopping, which is used by all generations after COVID-19, through experience quality, and to examine the impact on the expectation-confirmation Model of untact shopping. The results of this study are as follows. First, as a result of examining whether interaction quality, information quality, and outcome quality affect expectation-confirmation it was found that all qualities except interaction quality affect expectation matching. Second, as a result of examining whether interaction quality, information quality, and outcome quality affect perceived usefulness, it was found that all qualities except interaction quality had an effect. Next, as a result of applying the expectation confirmation model to the untact shopping environment and examining whether the expectation confirmation has an effect on use satisfaction, it was found that there was a positive effect. As a result of examining whether perceived usefulness affects use satisfaction, it was found to have a positive effect. As a result of examining whether perceived usefulness affects expectation confirmation, it was found that there is a positive effect. Finally, as a result of examining whether perceived usefulness affects the intention to continue using untact shopping, it was found to be positive. Next, as a result of examining the effect of use satisfaction on trust, it was found that there was a positive effect. Finally, as a result of investigating whether trust has an effect on the intention to continue using, it was found that there is a positive effect. Looking at the important results especially, information quality was found to have the greatest influence.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.177-198
• /
• 2018

Recently, as economic property it has become necessary to acquire and utilize the framework for water resource measurement and performance management as the property of water resources changes to hold "public property". To date, the evaluation of water technology has been carried out by feasibility study analysis or technology assessment based on net present value (NPV) or benefit-to-cost (B/C) effect, however it is not yet systemized in terms of valuation models to objectively assess an economic value of technology-based business to receive diffusion and feedback of research outcomes. Therefore, K-water (known as a government-supported public company in Korea) company feels the necessity to establish a technology valuation framework suitable for technical characteristics of water resources fields in charge and verify an exemplified case applied to the technology. The K-water evaluation technology applied to this study, as a public interest goods, can be used as a tool to measure the value and achievement contributed to society and to manage them. Therefore, by calculating the value in which the subject technology contributed to the entire society as a public resource, we make use of it as a basis information for the advertising medium of performance on the influence effect of the benefits or the necessity of cost input, and then secure the legitimacy for large-scale R&D cost input in terms of the characteristics of public technology. Hence, K-water company, one of the public corporation in Korea which deals with public goods of 'water resources', will be able to establish a commercialization strategy for business operation and prepare for a basis for the performance calculation of input R&D cost. In this study, K-water has developed a web-based technology valuation model for public interest type water resources based on the technology evaluation system that is suitable for the characteristics of a technology in water resources fields. In particular, by utilizing the evaluation methodology of the Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) in Japan to match the expense items to the expense accounts based on the related benefit items, we proposed the so-called 'K-water's proprietary model' which involves the 'cost-benefit' approach and the FCF (Free Cash Flow), and ultimately led to build a pipeline on the K-water research performance management system and then verify the practical case of a technology related to "desalination". We analyze the embedded design logic and evaluation process of web-based valuation system that reflects characteristics of water resources technology, reference information and database(D/B)-associated logic for each model to calculate public interest-based and profit-based technology values in technology integrated management system. We review the hybrid evaluation module that reflects the quantitative index of the qualitative evaluation indices reflecting the unique characteristics of water resources and the visualized user-interface (UI) of the actual web-based evaluation, which both are appended for calculating the business value based on financial data to the existing web-based technology valuation systems in other fields. K-water's technology valuation model is evaluated by distinguishing between public-interest type and profitable-type water technology. First, evaluation modules in profit-type technology valuation model are designed based on 'profitability of technology'. For example, the technology inventory K-water holds has a number of profit-oriented technologies such as water treatment membranes. On the other hand, the public interest-type technology valuation is designed to evaluate the public-interest oriented technology such as the dam, which reflects the characteristics of public benefits and costs. In order to examine the appropriateness of the cost-benefit based public utility valuation model (i.e. K-water specific technology valuation model) presented in this study, we applied to practical cases from calculation of benefit-to-cost analysis on water resource technology with 20 years of lifetime. In future we will additionally conduct verifying the K-water public utility-based valuation model by each business model which reflects various business environmental characteristics.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.95-105
• /
• 2013

Recently, SME's Collaboration activities have become one of a vital factor for sustaining competitive edge. This is because of the rapidly changing and competitive market environment, and also to leverage performance by overcoming obstacles of having limited internal resources. Discussing about the effects and relationships of the firm's collaboration activities and its outputs are not new. However, as ICT and various technologies have been diffused into the traditional industries, boundaries and practice capabilities within the industries are becoming ambiguous. Thus contents of the products/services and their development methods are also go and come over the industries. Although many researchers suggested the relations of SME's collaboration activities and innovation performances, most of the previous literatures are focusing on broad perspectives of firm's environmental factors rather than considering various SME's idiosyncrasy factors such as their major product and customer types at once. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to analyze how SME(Small Medium Enterprise)'s external collaboration activities by their idiosyncrasy act as an input to types of innovation performance. In order to analyze collaboration effects in detail, we defined factors that can represent the SME's business environment - Perceived importance of using external resources, Perceived importance of external partnership, Collaboration and Collaboration levels of Major Product types, Customer types and lastly the Firm Sizes. We have also specifically divided the performance of innovation types as product innovation and process innovation based on existing research. In this study, the empirical analysis is based on Probit Regression Model to observe the correlations with the impact of each SME's business environment and their activities. For the empirical data, 497 samples were collected which, this sample data was extracted from the 'Korean Open Innovation Survey' performed by ETRI(Korean Electronics Telecommunications Research Institute) in 2010. As a result, empirical test results indicated that the impact of collaboration varies depend on the innovation types (Product and Process Innovation). The Impact of the collaboration level for the product innovation tend to be more effective when SMEs are developing for a final product, targeting on for individual customers (B2C). But on the other hand, the analysis result of the Process innovation tend to be higher than the product innovation, when SMEs are developing raw materials for their partners or to other firms targeting on for manufacturing industries(B2B). Also perceived importance of using external resources has effected to both product and process innovation performance. But Perceived importance of external partnership was statistically insignificant. Interesting finding was that the service product has negative effects on for the process innovation performance. And Relationship between size of the firms and their external collaboration activities with their performance of the innovations indicated that the bigger firms(over 100 of employees) tend to have better for both product and process innovations. Finally, implications of the results can be suggested as performance of innovation can be varied depends on firm's unique business idiosyncrasy as well as levels of external collaboration activities. The Implication of this research can be considered for firms in selecting an appropriate strategy as well as for policy makers.

• Korean journal of communication and information
• /
• v.46
• /
• pp.511-555
• /
• 2009

Media-related regulations can be classified into two categories; regulations of individual media contents and regulations regarding the entry to and withdrawal from a certain field. In this dissertation, ownership regulations are regarded as legal and political measures so as to prevent the monopoly and oligopoly of public opinion, and to secure its diversity. Every country has its own regulation model according to its particular media environment. Korea too is obliged to actively respond to its environmental changes, at the same time vitalizing the media industry and protecting consumers' rights and interests. Strong political intentions to protect the public interest is necessary when it comes to media regulation policies, especially in the circumstances that public interest is an industrial priority. As the convergence of broadcasting and telecommunications is leading to a major shift in the media industry, the regulation of cross-media ownership is an issue involving potential conflicts among media-owners, non-governmental organizations and the authorities concerned, depending on their various viewpoints regarding the media industry. In this paper, an attempt was made to search necessity of redefining 'public interest', which is the logic behind the restriction of cross-media ownership, and to reconceptualize issues on the centralization and diversity of media. First, an examination of the actual conditions of newspaper companies was carried out in order to reinvestigate domestic cross-media ownership issues, which is represented by the cross-ownership issue of newspapers and broadcasting stations. Next, the dilemma of policies stimulated by the fusion of media was discussed based on cross-media ownership restrictions, and the need for efficient conflict control was suggested. Finally, proposals on the independency and public confidence of media-related policy-making authorities, the rationalization of regulation models, an itemized discussion on cross-media ownership regulation issues, the elaboration of measures for a balanced development among media were made. It could be found that a number of foreign countries were still facing challenges to prevent monopoly and oligopoly of the public opinion and the industry. A solution to settle disagreements about the dilemma of the media industry, including the cross-media ownership regulation issues, must be arranged on the grounds of 'mutual respect of public interest and industrial interest', In Korea, an ease on the ownership regulations adapting to the change in the media industry may be considered, however the softening of the cross-media ownership regulations must be approached with the utmost care. Paradoxically Relieving cross-media ownership regulations may be considered the foundation of a richer field of journalism, where there is no need for concern over the monopoly and oligopoly of public opinion.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
• /
• v.30 no.5_6
• /
• pp.307-318
• /
• 2003

In this paper, we design and construct a TMO object group that provides the guaranteed real-time services in the distributed object computing environments, and verify execution power of its model for the correct distributed real-time services. The TMO object group we suggested is based on TINA's object group concept. This model consists of TMO objects having real-time properties and some components that support the object management service and the real-time scheduling service in the TMO object group. Also TMO objects can be duplicated or non-duplicated on distributed systems. Our model can execute the guaranteed distributed real-time service on COTS middlewares without restricting the specially ORB or the of operating system. For achieving goals of our model. we defined the concepts of the TMO object and the structure of the TMO object group. Also we designed and implemented the functions and interactions of components in the object group. The TMO object group includes the Dynamic Binder object and the Scheduler object for supporting the object management service and the real-time scheduling service, respectively The Dynamic Binder object supports the dynamic binding service that selects the appropriate one out of the duplicated TMO objects for the clients'request. And the Scheduler object supports the real-time scheduling service that determines the priority of tasks executed by an arbitrary TMO object for the clients'service requests. And then, in order to verify the executions of our model, we implemented the Dynamic Binder object and the Scheduler object adopting the binding priority algorithm for the dynamic binding service and the EDF algorithm for the real-time scheduling service from extending the existing known algorithms. Finally, from the numerical analyzed results we are shown, we verified whether our TMO object group model could support dynamic binding service for duplicated or non-duplicated TMO objects, also real-time scheduling service for an arbitrary TMO object requested from clients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.29 no.7
• /
• pp.902-909
• /
• 2023

This study evaluated the performance test of a small-sized LTE-Maritime(LTE-M) transceiver that was developed and promoted to expand the use of intelligent maritime traf ic information services led by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries with the aim of supporting the prevention of maritime accidents. Accoriding to statistics, approximately 30% of all marine accidents in Korean water occur with ships weighing less than 3 tons. Therefore, the blind spots of maritime safety must be supplemented through the development of small-sized transceivers. The small transceiver may be used in fishing boats that are active near coastal waters and in water leisure equipment near the coastline. Therefore, verifying whether sufficient performance and stable communication quality are provided is necessary, considering the environment of their real usage. In this study, we reviewed the communication quality goals of the LTE-M network and the performance requirements of small-sized transceivers suggested by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, and proposed a test plan to appropriately evaluate the performance of small-sized transceivers. The validity of the proposed test method was verified for six real-sea areas with a high frequency of marine accidents. Consequently, the downlink and uplink transmission speeds of the small-sized LTE-M transceiver showed performances of 9 Mbps or more and 3 Mbps or more, respectively. In addition, using the coverage analysis system, coverage of more than 95% and 100% were confirmed in the intensive management zone (0-30 km) and interesting zone (30-50 km), respectively. The performance evaluation method and test results proposed in this paper are expected to be used as reference materials for verifying the performance of transceivers, contributing to the spread of government-promoted e-navigation services and small-sized transceivers.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 1999

Purpose: To simulate and measure the signal intensity of various tissues near bone interface in 2D and 3D neurological MR images. Materials and Methods: In neurological proton density (PD) weighted images, every component in the head including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), muscle and scalp, with the exception of bone, are visualised. It is possible to acquire images in 2D or 3D. A 2D fast spin-echo (FSE) sequence is chosen for the 2D acquisition and a 3D gradient-echo (GE) sequence is chosen for the 3D acquisition. To find out the signal intensities of CSF, muscle and fat (or scalp) for the 2D spin-echo(SE) and 3D gradient-echo (GE) imaging sequences, the theoretical signal intensities for 2D SE and 3D GE were calculated. For the 2D fast spin-echo (FSE) sequence, to produce the PD weighted image, long TR (4000 ms) and short TE$_{eff}$ (22 ms) were employed. For the 3D GE sequence, low flip angle (8$^{\circ}$) with short TR (35 ms) and short TE (3 ms) was used to produce the PD weighted contrast. Results: The 2D FSE sequence has CSF, muscle and scalp with superior image contrast and SNR of 39 - 57 while the 3D GE sequence has CSF, muscle and scalp with broadly similar image contrast and SNR of 26 - 33. SNR in the FSE image were better than those in the GE image and the skull edges appeared very clearly in the FSE image due to the edge enhancement effect in the FSE sequence. Furthermore, the contrast between CSF, muscle and scalp in the 2D FSE image was significantly better than in the 3D GE image, due to the strong signal intensities (or SNR) from CSF, muscle and scalp and enhanced edges of CSF. Conclusion: The signal intensity of various tissues near bone interface in neurological MR images has been simulated and measured. Both the simulation and imaging of the 2D SE and 3D GE sequences have CSF, fat and muscle with broadly similar image intensity and SNR's and have succeeded in getting all tissues about the same signal. However, in the 2D FSE sequence, image contrast between CSF, muscle and scalp was good and SNR was relatively high, imaging time was relatively short.