• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.49-63
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• 2019

The export regulation of semiconductor core materials, which began with the recent revision of the export management regulations of Japan, raises the need for a new cooperation network. A hierarchical management network that was effective in the fast-follower system requires organic cooperation between the public sector and industry through a multilateral network that emphasizes horizontal co-operation among innovation actors. This study focused on the relational capital that exists among members of a business association such as an association that has been relatively marginalized from previous studies. In addition, this study aimed to analyze the effect of network activity characteristics such as industry-university linkage and informal exchange on technological innovation. Through this, I would like to draw implications for enhancing the effectiveness of the government's R & D support and innovation performance of R & D companies. Based on the results of the SMEs R & D survey, this study found that relational capital, informal exchange had a positive effect on technological innovation performance. However, if the relational capital exceeds a certain level, it is analyzed that there is a negative effect due to group think and lock-in effect. This means that informal exchange channels should be expanded for innovation and enhancement, and relational capital should be managed in consideration of the negative effects that may occur when certain levels are exceeded.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.425-432
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of Informal Learning Activity on the relationship between Cultural Contents Industry Workers' Protean Career Attitude and Career Commitment. The results of this study were as follows: First, Protean career attitude of cultural contents industry workers had positive effect on career commitment. Second, Informal learning activity of cultural contents industry workers had partial mediating effect on the relationship between protean career attitude and career commitment. Based upon these results, several suggestions were suggested to promote cultural contents industry workers' protean career attitude, career commitment, and informal learning activity.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.71-84
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• 2024

This paper presents a critical analysis of the current application of big data in higher education and how Learning Analytics (LA), and Educational Data Mining (EDM) are helping to shape learning in higher education institutions that have applied the concepts successfully. An extensive literature review of Learning Analytics, Educational Data Mining, Learning Management Systems, Informal Learning and Online Social Networks are presented to understand their usage and trends in higher education pedagogy taking advantage of 21st century educational technologies and platforms. The roles of and benefits of these technologies in teaching and learning are critically examined. Imperatively, this study provides vital information for education stakeholders on the significance of establishing a teaching and learning agenda that takes advantage of today's educational relevant technologies to promote teaching and learning while also acknowledging the difficulties of 21st-century learning. Aside from the roles and benefits of these technologies, the review highlights major challenges and research needs apparent in the use and application of these technologies. It appears that there is lack of research understanding in the challenges and utilization of data effectively for learning analytics, despite the massive educational data generated by high institutions. Also due to the growing importance of LA, there appears to be a serious lack of academic research that explore the application and impact of LA in high institution, especially in the context of informal online social network learning. In addition, high institution managers seem not to understand the emerging trends of LA which could be useful in the running of higher education. Though LA is viewed as a complex and expensive technology that will culturally change the future of high institution, the question that comes to mind is whether the use of LA in relation to informal learning in online social network is really what is expected? A study to analyze and evaluate the elements that influence high usage of OSN is also needed in the African context. It is high time African Universities paid attention to the application and use of these technologies to create a simplified learning approach occasioned by the use of these technologies.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.91-106
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• 2008

Interviews with 24 pupils in grade 1-2 were used to investigate awareness of the relation between situation and computation in simple quotitive and partitive division problems as informally experienced. Then it was suggested how to connect children's informal knowledge and formal knowledge of division. Most subjects counted cubes or made drawing, and related these methods to the situation described in the problems. In result, quotitive division was experienced as a dealing situation, where the number of items represented by the divisor was repeatedly taken from the whole number. And estimate-adjust was the most frequently displayed way of experiencing partitive division. Therefore, partitive division with its two measurement variables can be related to a measurement model. And children should be taught column algorithms for division with estimated-adjust which pupils used for partitive division problems.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.291-318
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• 2002

We investigated on the primary school children's abilities of formal reasoning. Seventy students in grade 5 participated in the study. They responsed their best reactions on the problems constituted of three parts requiring the informal or formal reasoning and generalization. Their reactions are classified by some criteria depending the level of reasoning. About 10 students showed that they constructed a kind of scheme for solving the problems, similar to formal reasoning and beyond naive informal reasoning. And about 30 students did so partially. We concluded that the teaching and learning of reasoning by the progressive increasing the degree of rigor from grade 5 is possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.53-74
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• 1999

This paper describes concept mapping techniques for eliciting and representing knowledge. Concept mapping techniques range from very informal to very formal. Informal concept mapping techniques are usually very easy to use and understand for humans, but not for computers. Formal concept mapping techniques are computational, but humans usually find them hard to understand and use. A knowledge acquisition and representation tools which handle both kinds, and the transition from informal to formal, would be very useful. It is proposed that concept maps be regarded as basic components of any knowledge-based system, complementing text and image with formal and informl active diagrams.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.157-175
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• 2000

The aim of this paper was to diagnose Korean college students' listening skills on the TOEFL. The researchers identified which section, among the TOEFL listening Part A, B, and C, is most easily teachable/ improvable during the period of a semester. First, the result of this research shows that Korean students tend to have lower scores in Part A than Part B or Part C. The results indicate that the short informal conversation doesn't give sufficient clues to students, and they don't have enough time to infer the answer. Second, the results revealed that. students showed the lowest progress in Part B after they studied TOEFL listening items and essential idioms for the listening section for 13 weeks. Because students didn't have much experience learning the informal conversation as opposed to the formal one in English, it is harder to achieve an improved grade in Part B, which consists of the informal conversation. But after a semester-long listening course, the average score on TOEFL listening sections increased.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.208-210
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• 2005

무선 통신, 유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅의 발달과 인터넷 환경이 널리 보급되면서 이동체의 색인을 위한 연구가 활발히 진행되었다. MV3R-tree 알고리즘은 과거 정보의 검색을 위한 Timestamp 질의와 Interval 질의 모두에 좋은 성능을 보여 주는 색인 기법이다. 그러나 기존의 인덱싱 기법인 3D R-tree에 비해 인덱스의 크기가 1.5배 크고, 삽입 시 재배치 비용이 2배정도 크다. 빈번하게 이동하는 이동체의 정보를 저장한다면 삽입 비용의 증가로 인하여 효율성은 현저하게 떨어진다. 본 논문에서는 노드 삽입 과정에서 아주 작은 변화나 반복적인 움직임 같은 불필요한 이동체의 거리 변화의 정보를 제한하는 방법을 제안한다. 정보를 제한할 임계치 값은 이동체들의 과거 정보를 통해 결정한다. 불필요한 정보를 제거하여 노드 공간의 낭비와 재배치를 횟수를 줄인다.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.107-121
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• 2018

The purpose of this paper is to explore the determining factors of foreign direct investment(FDI) of Korea by using institutioanl theory. In addition, this study divides institutional facts into the formal and the informal institutions. The empirical test implements multiful regression analysis focuing on korean electronics and automotive industry. The dependent variables are FDI outflow and the independent ones are corruption, econimic freedom, political risk, human development, and culturan distance. According to the empirical results, corruptin and human development have positive effects on Korean FDI outflow. On the other hand, political risks and economic freedom have negative effects on Korean FDI outflow. This results indicate the importance of forman and informal institutional facotrs as determinants of Korean FDI outflow.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1996.07b
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• pp.1344-1346
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• 1996

In this paper, we discuss an informal analysis of diffusion, global optimization properties of Langevine competitive learning neural network. In the view of the stochastic process, it is important that competitive learning gurantee an optimal solution for pattern recognition. We show that the binary reinforcement function in Langevine competitive learning is a brownian motion as Gaussian process, and construct the Fokker-Plank equation for the proposed neural network. Finally, we show that the informal analysis of the proposed algorithm has a possiblity of globally optimal. solution with the proper initial condition.