• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.205-214
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• 2020

This study was undertaken to identify the impact of bad customer behavior, job burnout, and positive psychological capital, on the job embeddedness of nurses. Data was collected from July 1 to July 31, 2019 using a structured questionnaire, enrolling 198 nurses working at three general hospitals located in 2 metropolitan cities. Data were analyzed by applying t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe' test, Pearson's correlation coefficients, and multiple regression, using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. Our results indicate that bad customer behavior significantly correlates with job burnout (r=0.24, p=<0.001), positive psychological capital (r=-0.37, p=<0.001), and job embeddedness (r=-0.48, p=<0.001). Moreover, job burnout had a positive impact on psychological capital (r=-0.44, p=<0.001) and job embeddedness (r=-0.31, p=<0.001), whereas positive psychological capital impacted job embeddedness (r=0.49, p=<0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that bad customer behavior (β=-0.34, p<0.001), positive psychological capital (β=0.32, p=0.004), and position (β=-0.19, p=0.001) had maximum influence (38%) on the level of job embeddedness experienced by nurses. Taken together, results of this study indicate that in order to increase the level of job embeddedness of nurses, it is necessary to develop strategies that eradicate and manage bad customer behavior, and also develop programs that strengthen and develop positive psychological capital.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.123-128
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• 2014

Purpose - The purpose of the study is to reexamine the price fairness as practiced by low cost airlines, as a consumer has to experience such inconveniences as inferior airport transportation, extra fees on in-flight meals, and non-negotiable seats, and consumers evaluate such experiences keeping in mind their total costs. This evaluation includes price fairness and allows a reasonable and overall consideration of factors of low cost airlines. It tries to set up a measurement of the indicators consumers' perceptions of price fairness academically as it adapts price fairness to airline services which are renowned for price volatility. Research design, data, and methodology - The research proposes an alternative pricing strategy for the long term profit of low cost airlines after going over conflicts between the traditional theory of consumers' price perception mechanism and flexible fair policy of low cost airlines. It was meaningful when it relates to the early stage of the business, while it enhances the risks relating to the long term survival of low cost airlines. In addition, it is significant as it highlights the negative influences on consumers' perceptions of price fairness, as low cost airlines run on extremely low cost perspectives. Results - The results of the research provide insight into four perspectives, as consumers' perceptions of price fairness are influenced by the frequency and range of price changes and services. The first perspective is that it would lead to positive price evaluation when a low cost airline cuts prices frequently with little changes than one big change. It also would lead to the same result when it comes to necessary services. The second perspective is that one big increase of price would rather undermine the negative aspects of price changes than those of several smaller ones. The third perspective is that additional services would be good to consumers' perceptions of price fairness as compared to discount benefits with respect to the cost. Finally, a low cost airline should consider that consumers will change airlines or defer their flight schedule if the flight fares increase beyond their limits. Conclusions - Low cost airlines should reconsider their pricing policies for services that were provided free earlier. A consumer would not like discount benefits when made to pay for services that were, for long, free of charge. If a low cost airline can provide services with no charge, it should improve volumes if the costs are standardized and, moreover, should consider the charging fees. Alternatively, a consumer can choose between services and fair discount. Low cost airlines are implementing sales promotion strategies, as the competition is more intense than it used to be. In these days, they should regard services over sales promotion, as consumers may prefer to spend money on good premium services. Some differentiation in services could create a good market position for the airlines and, hence, good financial performance.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.134-143
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• 2016

This study examined the effects of perfectionism and ego-resiliency on the anxiety in two groups of nursing students: leisure activity, and no leisure activity group. A total of 134 undergraduate students were recruited at two universities in A and B cities, Korea using the convenient sampling method. They were asked to complete a self-reported questionnaire for 11 days in October, 2015. The results showed that there were significant differences in the ego-resiliency (t=-3.80, p=.001) and anxiety (t=3.71, p<.001) according to the leisure activity. In the subjects who did not have leisure activities, perfectionism (${\beta}=.71$, p<.001) and ego-resiliency (${\beta}=-.29$, p=.003) were identified as significant predictors of anxiety and this model explained 58.0% of the variance in anxiety (F=34.50, p<.001). In the analysis according to the classification of current leisure activity, Perfectionism (${\beta}=.54$, p=.003) was identified as a significant predictor of anxiety in subjects doing travel watch and pastime amusement, and this model explained 26.0% of the variance in anxiety in nursing students (F=5.66, p=.009). Therefore, providing strategies to control anxiety can not only improve ego-resiliency, but also reduce perfectionism among nursing students. In addition, it is necessary to resolve the disturbance factors of the leisure activity and create an environment that promotes leisure activities in universities.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.113-121
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• 2016

Purpose - This paper aims to examine the impact of buyer-supplier cooperation on suppliers' trust on buyers and the moderating role of buyers' governance mechanism between the sharing activities and trust. Research design, data, and methodology - An integrated research model is designed to materialize the research hypotheses. First, the impact of buyer-supplier cooperation is empirically analyzed by looking into how the sharing activities, in the field of information, resource, and knowledge, of buyer with supplier will affect the trust of supplier on buyer. Second, the moderating effect of contract-based governance mechanism of buyer is empirically analyzed. Third, the influence of trust on innovation performance of suppler is empirically analyzed. Results - Our findings provide supporting evidence for some of our hypotheses. First, all of the sharing activities are significantly influential, but in different degree, to trust of supplier. Second, contract-based governance mechanism of buyer have a moderating effect on the relationship between sharing activities and trust, positively in resource-sharing activities, negatively in information-sharing activities, not significant in knowledge-sharing activities. Third, supplier's trust on buyer positively affects supplier's own innovation performance. Conclusions - The strategies applied in supply chain management have become important as the competition among firms has shifted from competition between individual firms to competition between supply chains. A customer's sharing activities with its supplier may contribute to an increase in innovation performance. The supplier's information-sharing activity with its customer could affect its information-sharing activities with its main supplier. Cooperative activity with a partner in the supply chain is cultivated and amassed into relationship knowledge, and this study shows that the cooperative relational knowledge related to information-sharing activities enables firms to participate in sharing activities with their main suppliers. Increasing evidence shows that sharing various activities between buyer and supplier improves trust and performance outcomes, and enables firms to maintain competitive advantage. From the perspective of knowledge theory, external knowledge is becoming more important in firms' innovation activities, because innovative knowledge is acquired primarily through interaction with another organization. In addition, relationship learning could be an important tool in absorbing the supplier's core technology, information, expertise, and core competencies, increasing relational value.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.55-61
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• 2018

Purpose - It suggests that making a policy and strategies for a way of Dubai has a strong priority strategy on science and technology by using much oil dollars to prepare risk when oil dollar's decrease. This has been now investigated how the leading innovator has changed the periphery countries. Research design, data, and methodology - Analyze policy, status, what other neighbouring Middle East countries also want to benchmark a successful case of a leading Dubai strategy. Higher manpower is needed absolutely to develop S&T. and etc. Dubai and Arab countries establish university to nurture as well as invite the talented manpower from overseas to recover deficient manpower. Dubai built totally academy city and invited branch of the overseas famous university, and Saudi Arabia built university(KAUST) and invite faculty and support good scholarship for students. Abrab countries especially, This is studied the process of differentiating and integrating the migrant workers of these cities into the globalized cities. This has resulted in large-scale employment for foreign and local companies in these cities and the spread of science and innovation. Results - Dubai supports venture or SMEs by using a strong priority strategy and attracts foreigner's investor, with which the neighbouring countries have been preparing together for 4th wave. It demonstrates that the gravitational model has been activated from neighboring countries of innovation science to create Dubai's hub. The maturity of long-term urban innovation is related to innovation capability through the national response and review. As a result, the flow of skilled international migration has been localized because of the mutual intersection with the local employment structure, and the development has spread as it spreads to neighboring countries. Conclusion - For the exploiting of new Distribution market in the neighbouring countries, Middle East countries' a strong priority strategy on S&T and education system give an influence on economic situation of the 4th wave in the world and world order of leading by USA, Japan, or EU, and etc. This is due to the creation of clusters in the form of SEZs, friendly industrial policies and world-class infrastructure and innovation development. Its neighbours benchmark the cases of distribution of science innovation and centralizes the surrounding people.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.12-24
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• 1997

One argument of this study is that the policy to handle and landscape of cultural and historical property had to do with people's visual preferences. This study seeks to investigate people's visual preferences toward the landscape of cultural /historical property, specifically dealing with 'Namdaemun', which is the first class cultural property of Korea. People's visual preference was specifically examined into the four specific concepts : 'visual identity','harmony','beauty of the target property', and 'overall beauty'. Two objective variables, such as, 'distance' between the viewer and the cultural property, and 'height' of background buildings were considered possible predictors of the four visual preference variables. Photos of 'Namdaemun' were taken at three different directions and at three different distances. The photographed images of 'Namdaemun' were transferred ito the digitalized graphic images, where the height of background buildings was artificially changed and simulated. The simulated visual images were taken into the slides again. A total of 59 students of the Department of Landscape architecture at Seoul City University were sampled as subjects. A series of 17 slides were shown to the subjects four times. The subjects were asked to check their preference ratings concerning the four concepts on a 7-point Likert scale. The results found in this study were as follows : 1) In the results of ANOVA, it was clear that people visually preferred the view where the height of background buildings were lower than 15 floors to the view of more than 15 floors . 2) From the results of the path analysis, it was found that 'harmony','visual identity' and 'beauty of the target property' were direct predictors of 'the overall beauty'. The 'height ' of background buildings and the viewer's 'distance' were not found to be direct predictors, however, they demonstrated their effects on 'the overall beauty' through the other variable, which were direct predictors of 'the overall beauty'. In sum, the longer the distance and the higher the background buildings, the lower people's preference with the 'overall beauty'. These indirect paths, in turn, also explain why and how the 'height' of background buildings and the viewer's 'distance' negatively influence the 'overall beauty'. An implication from the these results is that when the height of background buildings were not controllable, there would be some other strategies for improving people's visual preference toward the historical /cultural view. To increase 'visual identity' of the cultural property, for example, changing colors of the cultural property or increasing the lighting level, etc., would be one strategy, since the increased 'visual identity' will, in turn, increase 'the overall beauty'.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.666-674
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to propose management strategies to lower the level of $PM_{10}$ concentration. First, this study analyzes the characteristics of particle sizes in three different areas, the residential, the roadside, and the industrial areas. Second, it has examined the size of particles which can influence on the increase of $PM_{10}$ concentration level. The distribution of particle size for $PM_{10}$ concentration was not different by regions. The highest portion in the observed $PM_{10}$ is near $0.3{\mu}m$. In addition, both near $2.5{\mu}m$ and near $5.0{\mu}m$ are found higher in portion. The fractions of $PM_{1.0}$ and $PM_{2.5}$ in $PM_{10}$ are 68.2% and 75.8% respectively. The fraction of $PM_{1.0}$ in $PM_{2.5}$ is 89.8%. The particle diameters contributed to the increase of $PM_{10}$ concentration are different by regions. In the residential area, the sizes of near $0.6{\mu}m$ and near $3.3{\mu}m$ particles are found to be the cause for the increase of $PM_{10}$ concentration level. However the particle sizes for the increase of $PM_{10}$ concentration level are $0.8{\mu}m$ and $0.5{\mu}m$ in roadside and industrial area respectively. Therefore, fine particles are found as the key factors to raise $PM_{10}$ concentration level in the two areas, while both fine and coarse particles are in the residential areas. When examined the $PM_{10}$ concentration level change, it was categorized by two different time zones, the high concentration level time and the lower concentration time. In high concentration time, the $PM_{10}$ concentration has increased in the morning in the residential and roadside areas. On the contrary, the level has increased in the evening in the industrial area. In low concentration time, the level of $PM_{10}$ concentration in the roadside area is significantly higher in the morning than the concentration level of other times. There is no significantly different concentration level found in the both residential and industrial areas throughout the day.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.485-492
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify the preservice teacher's health perception and health promoting behavior, and attitudes towards children with asthma, as well as to examine the relationship between these variables and the influencing factors. The participants were 329 third and fourth grade students from the national university of education in G city. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe test, and multiple regression with SPSS/WIN 23.0. The score for the participants' health perception was 2.85 out of a possible 4, health promoting behavior about 2.49 out of a possible 4, and their score for attitude towards asthma was 3.67 points of a possible 5. The health perception and health promoting behavior showed a positive correlation with the attitudes about child with asthma. Interpersonal relations and health perception and grade had a significant influence on the attitudes about child with asthma. These variables accounted for 12.2% of the attitudes about child with asthma. The results highlight the need for intervention strategies to enhance the health promoting behavior and health perception.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.394-399
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• 2016

This study examines how the patent results of the University Academic-Industrial Cooperation influence technology transfer. Statistical analysis was performed by using 2013 panel data from the Ministry of Education and Science Technology(MEST) National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) and the results are as follows. The results show that the patent result factors that have a positive effect on the total number of technology transfers are domestic patent application numbers, foreign patent application numbers, future technology(6T) patent application numbers, science technology patent application numbers. The factors that have a positive effect on increasing royalty are the total number of technology transfers. Domestic patent application numbers, future technology(6T) patent application numbers and science technology patent application numbers have a positive effect on patent results. The results implicate that more research and development is needed for more patents to be applied, that the main focus should be on future technology(6T) and science technology fields, and that effort should be directed at planning negotiation strategies for the term of the contract. However, this study is the need to research, including primary research is so patent performance may be limited in having only been considered in future studies of human and material resources and operating system factors that may be presented to the essential elements of the Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation this raises.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.636-646
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• 2017

This study examined the factors influencingthe adaptation to university life of nursing students. Data were collected from 235 nursing students in three nursing schools in B and C city from November 15 to December 10, 2016, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression. Correlations were found between adaptation to university life and life stress (r=-0.657, p<0.001) and between ego-resilience (r=0.455, p<0.001) and spiritual well-being (${\beta}=0.210$, p=0.025)(r=0.494, p<0.001). The adaptation to university life in participants showed a significant correlation between life stress (r=-0.657, p<0.001), ego-resilience (r=0.455, p<0.001), and spiritual well-being (r=0.494, p<0.001). The significant factors influencing the adaptation to university life were life stress (${\beta}=-0.418$, p<0.001), health status(${\beta}=0.213$ p<0.001), spiritual well-being (${\beta}=0.210$, p=0.025), satisfaction with major (${\beta}=0.146$, p=0.003), and ego-resilience (${\beta}=0.109$, p<0.001); these factors explained 56.5% of the variance. The findings suggest that adequate educational strategies are needed to reduce the life stress and increase health status, spiritual well-being, satisfaction on major, and ego-resilience in nursing students to promote their adaptation to university life.