• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.131-133
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• 2017

Streptococcus intermedius is a Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic, nonsporeforming, and nonmotile cocci. S. intermedius is a member of oral flora and is endodontic infection, respiratory infections, infective endocarditis, brain abscess, and liver abscess. Streptococcus intermedius ChDC B718 (= KCOM 1545) was isolated from a human pulpitis lesion. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of S. intermedius ChDC B718.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 1987

The author investigated the larvicidal action of liquid nitrogen against the metacercariae of Clonorchis sinensis, with an observation on the freshness and change of taste in the flesh of fishes. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The metacercariae in the mesh of Pseudorasbora parve, which were treated with liquid nitrogen ($-192^{\circ}C$), were not killed within 10 seconds, but completely killed over 30 seconds. In comparison, the metacercariae in the flesh of p. parka kept in a refrigerator ($-12^{\circ}C$) were killed only in 84% in 10-hour exposure group. 2. The freezing speed of fishes by liquid nitrogen was 4 min.(') and 15 seconds(") for Cyprinus carpio, 1'22" for Carassius carassius and only $30^{\circ}C$ for Pseudorasbora larva. 3. As for the freshness and taste of raw fresh water fishes, they were not deteriorated after the treatment with liquid nitrogen. 4. In animal infection experiment of C. sinensis metacercariae after freezing, they were found not infective after they were treated with liquid nitrogen. From the results, it is inferred that the treatment of fresh water fishes for longer than 30 seconds with liquid nitrogen is helpful to reduce the possibility of C, sinensis infection without alteration of the freshness and taste of fishes.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.197-201
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• 2003

The present study was undertaken to determine the viability and infectivity of oocysts of Cryptosporidium baileyi that had been stored from 1 to 40 months at $4^{\circ}C$ preserved in 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. Oocysts of C. baileyi were purified from the feces of experimentally infected chickens using discontinuous sucrose gradients. Subsequently, the purified oocysts were suspended in 2.5% potassium dichromate solution at a concentration of $1{\;}{\times}10^7$ organism/ml, and their viabilities were assessed by nucleic acid staining, histologic examination, and infectivity to 2-day-old chickens. All chickens inoculated with oocysts that had been stored for 1-18 months developed patent infections, while chickens infected with older oocysts remained uninfected. Between 5.8% and 82.2% of the oocysts, stored at $4^{\circ}C$ in 2.5% potassium dichromate solution, were found to be viable, as determined by nucleic acid staining. Parasite colonization in the bursa of Fabricius was detected in the microvillus border of bursal epithelium. The finding that C. baileyi oocysts remain infective to chickens for at least 18 months offers important time-saving advantages to investigators who frequently require large numbers of oocysts.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.119-125
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• 2008

Lymphatic filariasis, transmitted by mosquitoes is the commonest cause of lymphedema in endemic countries. Among 120 million infected people in 83 countries, up to 16 million have lymphedema. Microfilariae ingested by mosquitoes grow into infective larvae. These larvae entering humans after infected mosquito bites grow in the lymphatics to adult worms that cause damage to lymphatics resulting in dilatation of lymph vessels. This earliest pathology is demonstrated in adults as well as in children, by ultrasonography, lymphoscintigraphy and histopathology studies. Once established, this damage was thought to be irreversible. This lymphatic damage predisposes to bacterial infection that causes recurrent acute attacks of dermato-lymphangio-adenitis in the affected limbs. Bacteria, mainly streptococci gain entry into the lymphatics through 'entry lesions' in skin, like interdigital fungal infections, injuries, eczema or similar causes that disrupt integrity of skin. Attacks of dermato-lymphangio-adenitis aggravates lymphatic damage causing lymphedema, which gets worse with repeated acute attacks. Elephantiasis is a late manifestation of lymphatic filariasis, which apart from limbs may involve genitalia or breasts. Lymphedema management includes use of antifilarial drugs in early stages, treatment and prevention of acute attacks through 'limb-hygiene', antibiotics and antifungals where indicated, and physical measures to reduce the swelling. In selected cases surgery is helpful.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 1973

For the preparation of non-infective vaccine against typhoid fever, the authors had carried out an investigation on the possibilities of using $^{60}Co\;{\gamma}$-ray irradiation for the inactivation of Salmonella typhi Ty 2. The following results were obtained. 1) Chicks shortly after hatching were higher susceptible than mice to intracerebral injection with S. typhi. 2) In safety test on experimental animal, $^{60}Co\;{\gamma}$-ray irradiated vaccines demonstrated no clinical symptom while the phenol treated vaccines revealed several cases of narcosis by intraperitoneal injection in chicks. 3) The rabbit antisera immunized with $^{60}Co\;{\gamma}$-ray irradiated and phenol treated vaccine revealed almost same agglutinin titers to each other. 4) In potency test in chicks, there was no significance in the protective capacity between $^{60}Co\;{\gamma}$-ray irradiated and phenol treated vaccines.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2019

Bud rot (BR) is the most devastating disease affecting oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) crops in Colombia. Its causal agent, Phytophthora palmivora, initiates the infection in immature oil palm leaflets producing necrotic lesions, followed by colonization of opportunistic necrotrophs, which increases disease damage. To improve the characterization of the disease, we transformed P. palmivora using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) to include the fluorescent proteins CFP-SKL (peroxisomal localization), eGFP and mRFP1 (cytoplasmic localization). The stability of some transformants was confirmed by Southern blot analysis and single zoospore cultures; additionally, virulence and in vitro growth were compared to the wild-type isolate to select transformants with the greatest resemblance to the WT isolate. GFP-tagged P. palmivora was useful to identify all of the infective structures that are commonly formed by hemibiotrophic oomycetes, including apoplastic colonization and haustorium formation. Finally, we detected cell death responses associated with immature oil palm tissues that showed reduced susceptibility to P. palmivora infection, indicating that these tissues could exhibit age-related resistance. The aim of this research is to improve the characterization of the initial disease stages and generate cell biology tools that may be useful for developing methodologies for early identification of oil palm materials resistant or susceptible to BR.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

Avian haemosporidia, including malarial parasites, are geologically and biologically widespread. The protozoal pathogen has been a subject of intensive research in the past, which has resulted in major medical progress. Haemosporidia infection in avian species in South Korea has been studied in wild birds and layer flocks, but not in pet birds. At the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of Chungbuk National University, 75 birds that presented for health check-up were tested to evaluate the infection rate of Haemoproteus, Plasmodium and Leucocytozoon in birds without clinical symptoms. Haemoproteus spp. and Leucocytozoon spp. were simultaneously detected in a Major Mitchell's cockatoo (Lophochroa leadbeateri) by polymerase chain reaction, representing 1.33% of the tested birds. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the infective Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon strains were similar to those detected in foreign countries rather than those detected in the wild birds of Korea. Although the infection rate may not be indicative of a substantial infection in healthy pet parrots, the import of infected birds can pose a threat by allowing foreign pathogens to infect the local wild flocks or livestock. This is the first surveillance study of avian haemosporidia in pet parrots in South Korea.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

Purpose: To verify the anti-microbiotic activity and to develop eco-friendly surface disinfectants using the Opuntia ficus-indica extract. Methods: The stem and fruits of the Opuntia cultivated in Jeju Island were extracted with hot water, 70% EtOH and 100% MeOH, respectively. To examine the antimicrobial activity of the extracts, gram positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus), gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium), yeast (Candida albicans), mold (Aspergillus flavus) and antibiotic resistant bacteria (E. coli, S. aureus) were measured to form a clear zone. Results: The antibacterial activity of the fruit extract was higher than that of the stem extract, and the antibacterial activity of the 100% MeOH (FM) extract and the 70% EtOH (FE) extract of the palm cactus fruit was suitable for the surface disinfectant overall, and clear-zone formed even at relatively low concentrations (250 mg/mL). The FM and FE have antibacterial activity against various bacteria, therefore they can be used as disinfectants. Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity of Opuntia ficus-indica extract from Jeju Island by stem and fruit was determined at relatively low concentrations (250 mg/mL). The Opuntia ficus-indica extract will be useful for surface disinfectants dissolving the patients' bath, oral gargling, and powdered powder in water or ethanol in appropriate concentrations.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.117-121
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• 2022

Infantile osteomyelitis is a rare disease that is infective in nature and may rapidly turn fatal, as the disease is often misdiagnosed due to its varied presenting signs. Early diagnosis may help in avoiding systemic involvement and permanent deformity. The disease presents with signs of orbital involvement, nasal congestion, and emesis, as well as other standard hallmarks of infection. Furthermore, the maxilla is a highly vascular and porous bone and the occurrence of osteomyelitis in an infant maxilla is highly uncommon. In addition, routine blood work is not suggestive of the presence of this disease. Thus, prompt diagnosis of this condition poses a challenge to surgeons due to the confusing array of symptoms combined with the rarity of the disease. One such case of osteomyelitis of the maxilla in a young child is presented. The dilemma encountered by the surgeon during the diagnosis and treatment of the disease is discussed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.19 no.3 s.44
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• pp.175-179
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• 1980

Soybean stunt virus (SSV) was newly isolated in Korea from naturally infected soybeans (Glycine max). The main symptoms caused by this virus on soybean cultivars are crinkling, mild mottling and reduction in plant size. This virus induced local lesion on the inoculated leaves of Chenopodium amaranticolor, C quinoa and Vigna sinensis, and mosaic symptoms on Nicotiana tabacum (Bright yellow, KY-57). The virus was inactivated at 60C, and was infectious at dilution of $10^3$. Extract juice became infective 3 days later at room temperature. The virus was transmitted by green peach apid (Myzus persicae). This virus closely is related serologically to cucumber mosaic virus. The virus particles observed in the electron microscopy were spherical types of 30mm in diameter.