• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2010

Astrocytes are the most abundant cells in the central nervous system that play roles in maintaining the blood-brain-barrier and in neural injury, including cerebral malaria, a severe complication of Plasmodium falciparum infection. Prostaglandin (PG) $D_2$ is abundantly produced in the brain and regulates the sleep response. Moreover, $PGD_2$ is a potential factor derived from P. falciparum within erythrocytes. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is catalyzing enzyme in heme breakdown process to release iron, carbon monoxide, and biliverdin/bilirubin, and may influence iron supply to the P. falciparum parasites. Here, we showed that treatment of a human astrocyte cell line, CCF-STTG1, with $PGD_2$ significantly increased the expression levels of HO-1 mRNA by RT-PCR. Western blot analysis showed that $PGD_2$ treatment increased the level of HO-1 protein, in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Thus, $PGD_2$ may be involved in the pathogenesis of cerebral malaria by inducing HO-1 expression in malaria patients.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 1975

The record of 137 patients with spontaneous pneumothorax seen at Busan National University Hospital during past 3years were reviewed to study the possible pathogenesis and its effective management. and the results obtained as follows; 1] The incidence of the "spontaneous" pneumothorax which developed without underlying pathology was 13-1%. The majority of those cases was considered as the result of rupture of subpleural blebs. 2] The incidence of secondary pneumothorax which developed with underlying pathology was 50.0%, in which 42.3% was combined with pulmonary tuberculosis and 8, 0% was combined with pulmonary infection. The traumatic pneumothorax was developed in 36-5% of total series. 3] In age distribution, there was pronounced difference between spontaneous and secondary pneumothorax. The majority of spontaneous pneumothorax cases was 20-30 decade and tall and tall and thin in body structure. In secondary pneumothorax, however, the incidence was relatively high in age group more than 50 years old. 4] The incidence of pneumothorax combined with pulmonary tuberculosis was particularly high in our country, and the cause of pneumothorax was seemed due to the rupture of subpleural caseous foci in some cases, but the majority was seen due to the rupture of emphysematous blebs which were formed with a pathological process of chronic tuberculosis. 5]Closed [tube] thoracotomy was the main therapeutic approach of choice in the great majority ,of pneumothorax in our series with the relapse rate of 19.6%. However, open thoracotomy and adequate surgical procedures should be undertaken in patients with continuous air leakage over 7 days and recurrent attack of pneumothorax.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.168-173
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• 2005

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most common intracellular parasites, of which 350 million people worldwide are chronic carriers. It also related to a high incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma. In general, it has been well known that HBV is a noncytolytic virus, so not the virus itself but any unfavorable response by host immune cells and inflammatory cytokines mainly result in chronic liver injury. From this viewpoint, we hopefully assume that Oriental therapies based on immunologic strategies may be able to provide a therapeutic alternative for caring for these illnesses. We also need to be thoroughly familiar with information about HBV epidemiology and the pathologic process of chronic HBV carriers. In this study, to clarify the important considerations of HBV infection and the high risk of HBV induced life-threatening diseases, we introduced our pilot practices given to the patients and the possibility of Oriental therapies as a novel strategy for chronic HBV carriers.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.25-36
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to trace the historical background and to describe the architectural issues of the healthcare facilities in 1876~1945 years. Between 1876~1895 yr, the first western hospital "Jejung-Won" was built in Seoul by the Korean Gov. with the help of the American Missionary Dr. Allen. The special clinic for curing smallpox, Udu-Kuk was built nationally and the hospitals for infection disease were built in the same periods. In the next stage 1896~1905, 1905~1910 yr, there were many type of facilities such as military hospital, oriental medicine hospital, public hospital for poor people, clinic or hospital for Mission. After being conquered by Japan in 1910~1945, the Japan Healthcare System was directly transferred into Korean system and the healthcare facilities was built by japanese architect. At that time, the Japan healthcare system had been constructed after following the modern European healthcare system. Most healthcare facilities in the age of Japanese imperialist was handed over to the Korean Government in 1950~1960 yr after world war II.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.1198-1203
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• 2007

Conidial adhesion and appressorium formation of Magnaporthe oryzae on the rice surface are important early events in the infection process. As an initiative step to understand the mechanisms underlying these cellular processes at a biochemical level, the effect of a human fibronectin antibody (HFA) and RGD peptides on conidial adhesion and appressorium formation was evaluated. HFA inhibited conidial adhesion and appressorium formation in a dosage-dependent manner. RGD peptides also inhibited these cellular events. Conidial adhesion and appressorium formation inhibited by RGD peptides were restored by chemicals involved in the cyclic AMP-dependent signaling pathway. These results suggest that extracellular matrix proteins might be involved in conidial adhesion and appressorium formation through integrin-like receptor mediation and modulation of cAMP-dependent signaling in the cells.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.177-184
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• 2009

This study was carried out to investigate infection process, symptoms and main component of the domestic silkworm, Bombyx mori. larvae and pupa infected with the entomopathogenic fungus Cordyceps, Paecillomyces tenuipes. The Cordyceps, Paecillomyces tenuipes, was highly infectious to the silkworms. A pathogenicities of Cordyceps, Paecillomyces tenuipes, may be highly virulent because of the low resistance or high susceptibility of the silkworms. The silkworm larva infected with Cordyceps formed phialospores on the phialides at the imperfect stage of the genus Cordyceps, But silkworm pupa infected with Cordyceps formed ascospores in the asci at the perfection stage of the genus Cordyceps. The results of analysis of health silkworm pupa and silkworm pupa infected with Cordyceps were obtained that amino acid, fatty acid, and nucleoside were very different.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2013

Korean red ginseng is known to regulate the immune system and help the body struggle infection and disease. Cadmium is widely distributed in the environment due to its use in industry. Exposure to cadmium is problematic causing organ dysfunction. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effect of Korean red ginseng extract (RGE) against cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. In experiments, animals were orally administrated with RGE (25, 50 mg/kg) for 7 d and then intravenously injected with cadmium ($CdCl_2$, 4 mg/kg) to induce acute hepatotoxicity. Cadmium caused the elevated levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase in serum. In contrast, pretreatment with RGE significantly reduced those serum indexes related with liver damage. In histopathological analysis, RGE decreased the centrilobular necrosis around central veins and the peripheral hemorrhage around portal triads. Moreover, RGE restored the deficit in hepatic glutathione level resulting from cadmium treatment. RGE also inhibited the increase in the expression of Bad, a representative apoptosis marker protein, induced by cadmium treatment. Collectively, these results demonstrate that RGE can reduce the cadmium-induced hepatic toxicity, partly via anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic process.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.260-264
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• 2000

URI(Upper respiratory infection) is caused by virus, lose of balance from change of weather and ahylaxis, etc. So it dose not affect seriously, but in some cases it can cause complication disease depend on the healthfulness of an individual. The case is about a patient who is 21 years old lady, suffered by chill, fever, coughing after experiencing unhealthiness by an excess fatigue. The patient was treated by Mahwangbalpyotang and showed an improvement. This paper describe the process and contents about the way patient was cured.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.495-499
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• 2008

For the successful placement of dental implants, adequate alveolar bone height and width are required. Alveolar distraction osteogenesis is an effective method that resolves insufficient alveolar bone height for dental implant placement, and thus has been clinically applied with satisfactory results. But, minor and major problems may occur during the treatment. In the following report, we studied for such problematic cases. The problems are as follows: 1) sharp edges of the transport segment, 2) infection, 3) soft tissue dehiscence, 4) limitation of distraction, 5) numbness, 6) insufficient bone formation. But, most of them were answered by simple solutions and did not jeopardize the final outcomes. Distraction osteogenesis can be considered a safe and predictable procedure for lengthening the alveolar bone.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.768-779
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to adapt a surgical wound care algorithm that is used to provide evidence-based surgical wound care in a critical care unit. Methods: This study used, the 'ADAPTE process', an international clinical practice guideline development method. The -'Bonnie Sue wound care algorithm' - was used as a draft for the new algorithm. A content validity index (CVI) targeting 135 critical care nurses was conducted. A 5-point Likert scale was applied to the CVI test using a statistical criterion of .75. Results: A surgical wound care algorithm comprised 9 components: wound assessment, infection control, necrotic tissue management, wound classification by exudates and depths, dressing selection, consideration of systemic factors, wound expected outcome, reevaluate non-healing wounds, and special treatment for non-healing wounds. All of the CVI tests were ${\leq}$.75. Compared to existing wound care guidelines, the new wound care algorithm provides precise wound assessment, reliabilities of wound care, expands applicability of wound care to critically ill patients, and provides evidence and strength of recommendations. Conclusion: The new surgical wound care algorithm will contribute to the advancement of evidence-based nursing care, and its use is expected as a nursing intervention in critical care.