• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.17-20
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• 2003

The results of study of the parasites of rockfishes, Sebastes spp. collected at Oregon coast aquarium during April 6 to June 30, 2002 are presented. Six species of parasites were recovered from examination of 19 rockfishes with an incidence of infection of 42.1 %. This study investigated parasitic infestation of 7 black rock-fish, Sebastes melanops ; 3 quillback rockfish, S. maliger ; 2 yellowtail rockfish, S. flavidus ; 3 canary rockfish, S. pinniger 2 yelloweye rockfish, S. ruberrimus ; 2 tiger rockfish, S. nigrocinctus. Sebastes spp. from aquarium were found to be infested with parasites: Mycrocotyle sebastis, Megalocotyle trituba, Clavella uncinata, Anisakis simplex larvae, Contracaecum sp. larvae, Pseudoterranova decipiens larvae. Prevalence and mean intensity of rockfishes were infected respectively as follows: 21.1%, 4.0 of M. sebastis, 10.5%, 55.5 of M. trituba, 21.1%, 34.3 of A. simplex larvae, 10.5%, 15.0 of Contracaecum sp. larvae, 10.5%, 8.5 of Pseudoterranova decipiens larvae and 10.5%, 5.0 of Clavella uncinata. This study reveled that gills and gastrointestinal tracts of S. pinniger were heavily infested with M. trituba and A. simplex larvae.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2005

The immune response to any stimulus is complex, requiring coordinated action by several types of cells in a tightly regulated sequence. Thus, a physical stress such as exercise may act at any number of points in the complex sequence of events collectively termed the immune response. Although exercise causes many propound changes in parameters of immune function, the nature and magnitude of such changes rely on several factors including the immune parameters of interest; type, intensity, and duration of exercise; fitness level or exercise history of the subject; environmental factors such as ambient temperature and humidity. Although regular moderate exercise appears to be important factor for increasing immunity, Athletes are susceptible to illness, in particular upper respiratory track infection, during periods of intense training and after competition. In addition, in elite athletes, frequent illness is associated with overtraining syndrome, a neuroendocrine disorder resulting from excessive training. Through this paper, we want to investigate the effects of exercise on the immunosuppression such as exercise induced lymphopenia, asthma, anaphylaxis, URT (upper respiratory track), and TB (tuberculosis) infection. and also, we want to suggest a direct mechanism, protection and therapy of exercise induced immunosuppression.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.621-627
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• 2013

Paragonimiasis is a food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by infection with lung flukes of the genus Paragonimus. In Vietnam, research on Paragonimus and paragonimiasis has been conducted in northern and central regions of the country. Using a combination of morphological and molecular methods, 7 Paragonimus species, namely P. heterotremus, P. westermani, P. skrjabini, P. vietnamensis, P. proliferus, P. bangkokenis, and P. harinasutai, have been identified in Vietnam. Of these, the first 3, P. heterotremus, P. westermani, and P. skrjabini, are known to infect humans in other countries. However, in Vietnam, only P. heterotremus, found in some northern provinces, has been shown to infect humans. Even nowadays, local people in some northern provinces, such as Lai Chau and Yen Bai, are still suffering from P. heterotremus infection. In some provinces of central Vietnam, the prevalence and infection intensity of P. westermani metacercariae in freshwater crabs (the second intermediate hosts) are extremely high, but human cases have not been reported. Likewise, although P. skrjabini was found in Thanh Hoa Province, its pathogenicity to humans in Vietnam still remains uncertain. The results of molecular phylogenetic analyses of Vietnamese Paragonimus species provides new insights on the phylogeny and taxonomy of the genus Paragonimus. Comprehensive molecular epidemiological and geobiological studies on the genus in Vietnam and adjacent countries are needed to clarify the biodiversity and public health significance of the lung flukes.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제59권1호
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• pp.89-95
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• 2021

Microcotyle sebastis is a gill monogenean ectoparasite that causes serious problems in the mariculture of the Korean rockfish, Sebastes schlegelii. In this study, we isolated the parasite from fish farms along the coasts of Tongyeong, South Korea in 2016, and characterized its infection, morphology and molecular phylogeny. The prevalence of M. sebastis infection during the study period ranged from 46.7% to 96.7%, and the mean intensity was 2.3 to 31.4 ind./fish, indicating that the fish was constantly exposed to parasitic infections throughout the year. Morphological observations under light and scanning electron microscopes of the M. sebastis isolates in this study showed the typical characteristics of the anterior prohaptor and posterior opisthaptor of monogenean parasites. In phylogenetic trees reconstructed using the nuclear 28S ribosomal RNA gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I gene (cox1), they consistently clustered together with their congeneric species, and showed the closest phylogenetic relationships to M. caudata and M. kasago in the cox1 tree.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.45-61
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• 1988

Clonorchiasis should be realized as an important public health problems in Korea by their wide distribution, high prevalence rate and heavy infection intensity. This study was designed to obtain the infection rate, contributing factors as well as the behavior of infected persons among the factory workers in Pohang area where that parasite still remains as a problem. Study was undertaken from September '86 to October '87. Clonorchiasis skin test was performed for 3180 factory workers, and stools of skin test positive reactors were examined. Praziquantel was prescribed to stool examination positive persons for clonorchis sinensis ova. After one year. stool examination was repeated for them who received medicine. At the same time. a structured questionnaire was given and the results were analyzed and compared with control group. The results of this study are summarized as follows; 1. The infection rate of Clonorchis sinensis. 1) Clonorchiassis skin test positive rate was $26.2\%$ (834/3180). 2) Stool(Clonorchis sinensis ova) positive rate among skin test positive reactors was $21.6\%$ (129/598) All 129 infected persons were male. 2. Contributing factors of Clonorchis sinensis infection. 1) The chance of infection was higher in low-educated peple(p<0.01) 2) Stool(Clonorchis sinensis ova)positive rate was higher among the persons who reside near the riverside now(p<0.01), or among the persons who long history of riverside residence(p<0.01) 3) The infection rate was higher in thoes who like sliced raw fresh water fishes than in those who like cooked fishes(p<0.05). 4) Correct answering rate for questions about the cause and route of Clonorchis sinensis infection was low in infected persons. 5) The infection rate was lower among those who had experience of previous clonorchiasis test(p<0.01). 6) Family members of infected persons show higher rates of infection(p <0.01). 3. Treatment effect and compliance of infected person to treatment. 1) After one year, negative stool conversion rate was $85.4\%$. 2) $70.8\%$ of infected persons took the medicine; Only $3.1\%$ of them consulted to physician to know the medication effect; As many as $29.4\%$ of them continued to consume raw fresh water fishes. As a conclusion, City of Pohang area, Hyung San River in the center, is an endemic area of clonorchiasis. Current clonorchiasis control system seemed to be ineffective; many of the skin test positive group did not submitted their stool for examination; only $70.8\%$ of infected persons took the medicine even though the drugs were given free of charge; $29.4\%$ continued to consume raw fresh water fishes after taking medicine. Therefore. proper education program should be provided to improve the compliance to treatment. Follow-up for infected cases is mandatory to prevent waste of restricted budget.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.355-366
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• 2014

In this study, resistance responses were investigated during the interaction of Botrytis fabae with two faba bean cultivars expressing different levels of resistance against this pathogen, Nubaria (resistant) and Giza 40 (susceptible). Disease severity was assessed on leaves using a rating scale from 1 to 9. Accumulation levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase) were measured in leaf tissues at different times of infection. The expression profiles of two pathogenesis-related proteins (PRPs) encoded by the genes PR-1 and ${\beta}$-1,3-glucanase were also investigated using reverse transcription RT-PCR analysis. The accumulation of these defense responses was induced significantly in both cultivars upon infection with B. fabae compared with un-inoculated controls. The resistant cultivar showed weaker necrotic symptom expression, less ROS accumulation, a lower rate of lipid peroxidation and higher activity of the enzymatic ROS scavenging system compared with susceptible cultivar. Interestingly, ROS accumulated rapidly in the resistant leaf tissues and peaked during the early stages of infection, whereas accumulation was stronger and more intense in the susceptible tissues in later stages. Moreover, the response of the resistant cultivar to infection was earlier and stronger, exhibiting high transcript accumulation of the PR genes. These results indicated that the induction of oxidant/antioxidant responses and the accumulation of PRPs are part of the faba bean defense mechanism against the necrotrophic fungus B. fabae with a different intensity and timing of induction, depending on the resistance levels.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 1996

참굴큰입흡충(Gymnophalloides seoi)의 국내 분포상황을 알기 위하여 동해안 남해안 및 서해안 등 여러 해안 지역에서 참굴을 채집한 후 참굴큰입흡충 피낭유충 감염상황을 조사하였다. 전라남도 신안군의 13개 면과 신안군 외 14개 군(경기도, 전라북도, 전라남도, 경상남도, 경상북도, 강원도)의 씨개 면을 대상지역으로 하였고. 굴의 피낭유충 감염 여부 및 감염량을 조사하였다. 신안군 13개 면 중 압해면 및 안좌면을 포함한 10개 면의 굴에서 피낭유충 감염이 확인되었고 지역별 감염률은 1.7-100%이었다. 그 중 압해면산 굴이 개체당 평균 785.9개의 피낭유충을 보유하고 있어 감염량이 가장 높았다 신안군 이외의 24개 면 중에서는 전라북도 부안군 변산면만 제외하고 모두 음성의 결과를 나타내었으며, 부안군 변산면에서는 굴 50개 중 1개에서 피낭유충 15마리가 검출되었다. 이번 연구 결과로 보아 참굴큰입흡충의 농후한 유행은 전라남도 신안군에 국한된 것으로 보이며, 전라북도 부안군 등 인근 지역에 약간의 유행이 있는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.533-540
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• 2017

Schistosoma mansoni is highly endemic in Tanzania and affects all age groups at different degrees. However, its control approach does not include adult individuals who are equally at risk and infected. To justify the inclusion of adult individuals in MDA programs in Tanzania, the present study focused on determining the prevalence of S. mansoni infection and its related morbidities among adult individuals. This was a cross sectional study conducted among 412 adult individuals aged 18-89 years living in selected villages of Rorya and Butiama districts located along the shoreline of the Lake Victoria. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect socio-demographic and socio-economic information of participants. Ultrasonographic examinations were conducted for all study participants using the Niamey protocol. A single stool sample was obtained from all study participants and examined for S. mansoni using the Kato-Katz technique. The study revealed a high prevalence of S. mansoni (56.3%), and the majority of infected individuals had a light intensity of infection. Ultrasonographic findings revealed that 22.4% of adult individuals had periportal fibrosis (PPF) (grade C-F), with 18.4% having grade C and D and 4% having grade E and F. Males had the highest prevalence of PPF (31.7% vs 10.8%, P<0.001). Organomegaly was common with 28.5% and 29.6% having splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, respectively. S. mansoni infection and its related morbidities included PPF, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly were common among adult individuals. To reduce the level of transmission of S. mansoni infection, planned mass drug administration campaigns should include adult individuals living in these villages.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.187-194
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• 1995

정상 흰쥐의 출생 후 연령과 면역억제된 흰쥐의 감염강도에 따른 혈청 내 폐포자충(Pneumocystis carinii)에 대한 항체 형성을 관찰하고자 이 연구를 수행하였다. 폐포자충을 발현시키고 순수분리하여 수용성 항원을 만들고 이를 이용하여 전기영동과 면역이적법(Immunoblot)과 효소면역법(ELISA)을 시행하여 항체반응을 관찰하였다. SDS-PAGE에 의하여 분리된 항원의 단백 질 분획은 20-200 kDa의 범위에서 20개 이상이 관찰되었다. 이들 분획 중에서 인체 양성표준 혈청에 116 kDa 분획이 강하게, 45-55 kDa 및 100 kDa 분획이 약하게 반응하였고, 흰쥐 양성표준 혈청과는 40-45 kDa 분회과 강하게 그리고 50-55 kDa, 116, 200 kDa 분획과 약하게 반응하였다. 연령 별로 이 네 분획과의 반응을 보면 출생 5일-6주까지 양성률 50-100%이고 8주에는 0% 가 되었고, 10주 이후에는 증가하여 40주에 100%가 되었다. 폐포자충의 감염량이 증가하여 감염 강도가 IV인 흰쥐에서는 면역이적으로 측정할만큼 항체를 가진 개체가 없었다. 이러한 정상과 면역 억제된 흰쥐의 혈청반응 유형은 효소면역법에서도 확인할 수 있었다. 네 항원 분획 중 40-45 kDa에 대한 혈청반응이 각 군에서 낮게 관찰되었으나 그 생물학적 의의는 아직 평가하기 어렵다. 이 결과는 흰쥐가 출생하면 모체에서 유래한 혈청 내 항폐포자충 항체를 8주가 경과하면서 모두 소실하고 그 이후에 10주부터 40주에 이르기까지 자연감염에 의해 항체를 서서히 형성하는 것을 의미한다. 면역 억제에 의하여 흰쥐가 항체를 효과적으로 생산하지 못하게 되면 혈청 내 항체량에 반비례하여 폐포자충의 감염량이 늘어난다. 이는 항체에 의해 매개되는 체액면역이 폐포자충의 감염과 직접 관련이 있다는 증거가 된다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.16-18
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• 2003

Seven specimens of Sebastes melanops, black rockfish and three of S. maliger, quillback rockfish, were collected from Oregon Coast Aquarium during the period of September 19 to November 5, 2001 and examined for parasites. One monogenean helminth species and parasitic copepod species were recorded from black and quillback rockfishes, respectively. A total of 26 parasites were collected: 16 Microcotyle sebastis from the gill filaments of black and quillback rockfishes and 10 Clavella adunca were found in the fins of black rockfish. The prevalence of Microcotyle sebastis was 40.0%, and intensity of infection was 2.0(1-11). With regard to Clavella adunca, the prevalence and intensity were 20.0% and 1.4(2-8), respectively.