• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.49.1-49.8
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• 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to review the clinical features of oromaxillofacial infections in patients presenting to a hospital emergency ward, to identify the key factors affecting the requirement for hospitalization, and the potential risk factors predisposing to a prolonged length of hospital stay. Methods: A retrospective medical record review of the 598 patients treated for oromaxillofacial infection from 2013 to 2017 at the oral and maxillofacial surgery department, Yangsan Pusan National University Hospital, was conducted. The following information was collected from each patient: sex, age, past medical history, site of infection, etiology, admission or outpatient care, level of C-reactive protein (mg/dL), fascial spaces involved, treatment method, and duration of hospitalization. Chi-squared tests were used to identify risk factors, which were further analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results: A total of 606 patients were eligible for inclusion in the study, of which eight were excluded due to having incomplete charts; thus, 598 patients were included: 55% were male, mean patient age was 47.1 ± 19.9 years, and 12.9% of patients were diabetic. Furthermore, 71.2% of patients had infection originating in the mandible; the most common tooth of origin was lower posterior, and 29.8% of patients were hospitalized. Risk factors for hospital admission were elderly patients with concurrent disease, elevated C-reactive protein level, and multiple-space infection in the oromaxillofacial area. The duration of hospitalization was correlated with both diabetes and age. Conclusions: The requirement for hospital admission is determined by the severity of the infection; even severe infections, once treated with appropriate surgery, have no relation to the length of hospital stay. The important risk factors for increased duration of hospitalization are diabetes mellitus and older age. The understanding of risk factors associated with a prolonged hospital stay during the treatment of oromaxillofacial infection will aid in treatment planning as well as highlight the importance of adequate diabetes control in patients at risk of such infection.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.155-163
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• 2016

Purpose: Infection management is important for physical therapists in order to protect patients and themselves since they often provide patient care and have physical contact with patients. This study examined the performance of infection control and associated factors among physical therapists. Methods: The study subjects were 174 physical therapists working in the G metropolitan city. The performance of infection control according to general characteristics, job-related characteristics, and infection-related characteristics were compared using t-test and ANOVA. Associations between awareness and performance of infection control were tested by correlation. Finally, multiple linear regression analyses were performed to examine the factors associated with performance of infection control. Results: Overall performance scores for personal and therapy room were $87.47{\pm}11.70$ and $70.08{\pm}13.68$, respectively. Both personal and therapy room infection control were lower for the degree of performance than the degree of awareness. In multiple linear regression analysis, the degree of performance at a personal level was related to current smoking status, type of charge therapy, supply of protection equipment, and awareness of personal infection control. The degree of performance of therapy room was related to injury experience in the workplace, supply of protection equipment, and awareness of therapy room infection control. Conclusion: Performance of therapy room infection control was lower than that of personal infection control. The performance was associated with the supply of protection equipment and awareness. Therefore, the degree of performance for infection control will be increased with proper supply of protection equipment in the hospital and increase the degree of awareness with adequate prevention education.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.153-160
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to examine the level of compliance and the relation of related factors of nosocomial infection control among nurses in emergency rooms. The data will provide fundamental information for developing programs for nosocomial infection control in the emergency room. Method: Study participants were 183 nurses working in emergency rooms in general hospitals that had more than 500 beds and were located in Daegu, Daejeun, and Pusan. The survey was carried out from March 7 to March 26, 2006 and a structured questionnaire was used. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA and Sheffe test with SPSS 14.0 were used to analyze the data. Results: The average level for practice of infection control was relatively low Levels of compliance were high when the participants had: 1) regular conferences for nosocomial infection control, 2) positive perception of protection devices, 3) knowledge of whom to report and experiences of reporting needle stick injuries, 4) hospital guidelines for infection control and 5) enough equipment supplies from the hospital. Conclusion: Nosocomial infection control among emergency room nurses could be improved via personal, psychosocial, and organizational factors and related education.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.147-156
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• 2023

Between February 2020 and September 2021, a total of 452 dairy calves with diarrhea were investigated across 17 dairy farms in Gyeonggi province, Korea, using a rapid diagnostic kit. The study aimed to examine the infection rates of major pathogens causing diarrhea in dairy calves, categorizing them by season, age, and birth month. Additionally, logistic regression analysis was conducted to investigate the factors affecting the infection rate. The infection rates of the major pathogens causing infectious diarrhea in dairy calves, including bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, Cryptosporidium, and E. coli, are influenced by season, age, and birth month. Bovine coronavirus and Cryptosporidium showed variations in infection rates according to season, age, and birth month, while bovine coronavirus was influenced by age and birth month, and E. coli showed variations in infection rates based on age. Furthermore, in the analysis of risk factors influencing the infection rates of these pathogens, age and birth month were identified as risk factors for bovine rotavirus, bovine coronavirus, and Cryptosporidium.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 2024

Gastric cancer has been consistently decreasing worldwide, whereas cardia gastric cancer is on the rise. This indicates that the exposure rates to epidemiological causes are changing. In this study, we aim to review the risk factors for gastric cancer with respect to cardia and non-cardia types. One of the most significant risk factors for gastric cancer is Helicobacter pylori infection. H. pylori infection is known as a risk factor for non-cardia gastric cancer, and there have been results indicating that H. pylori infection is not associated with cardia gastric cancer. However, in the East Asian region, there is epidemiological evidence suggesting that H. pylori infection might be a risk factor for cardia gastric cancer. Smoking and alcohol consumption are known risk factors for gastric cancer, regardless of anatomical location. Obesity is considered a factor in the development of cardia gastric cancer. However, further research is needed to understand the specific relationship with non-cardia gastric cancer. The consumption of high-salt and processed meat is more distinctly associated with noncardia gastric cancer than in cardia gastric cancer. In addition to these factors, exposure to chemicals and radiation are considered risk factors for gastric cancer. Primary prevention of gastric cancer involves eliminating or avoiding risk factors such as H. pylori eradication and adopting a healthy lifestyle, including quitting smoking, reducing alcohol consumption, maintaining a healthy weight, and having a low-salt diet.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.30-39
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine factors influencing for the compliance of guidelines of preventing bloodborne infection for operating room nurses. Method: Data was collected through questionnaires from March 16 to April 12, 2005. The subjects of this study were consisted of 208 operating room nurses, who had been working at 4 university hospitals and 10 general hospitals in Busan. The Instrument for the compliance of guidelines for preventing bloodborne infection was 24-item questionnaire. It was revised based on the Standard Precaution of CDC and Bloodborne Pathogen Standards of OSHA. In addition, to find out the knowledge level of AIDS, hepatitis B and hepatitis C, 15-item questionnaire was used, which had been made by researcher based on Kim(1999) et, al. Results: The affecting factors of compliance for preventing bloodborne infection were work skill(${\beta}=.27$), operating room education on infection prevention(${\beta}=.25$), knowledge on infection(${\beta}=.19$), readiness of using personal protective equipment(${\beta}=.18$), and posting a notice of infected surgery patients(${\beta}=.16$). Theses 5 factors account for 28.5% on the compliance of guidelines for preventing bloodborne infection for operating room nurses. Conclusion: According to the results, to increase the compliance level of operating room nurses, personal efforts should be made to improve work skills and infection knowledge. In addition to organizational efforts on practical education and management of environment were required.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.126-134
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify impacts of HPV-related knowledge, attitude to HPV vaccination, and health beliefs on infection preventive behavioral intention targeting female university students. Methods: With correlational survey design, subjects of this study were 120 female students at universities located in B metropolitan city and G city. A total sample agreed to participate in the study. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, correlation, and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Attitude to HPV vaccination, experience of smoking, and HPV-related health beliefs were significant factors influencing the HPV-related infection preventive behavioral intention. These factors accounted for 19.0% of the HPV-related infection preventive behavioral intention. Conclusion: The most significant factor for HPV infection prevention was the attitude to HPV vaccination. These findings may be useful to develop strategies to improve the HPV infection preventive behavioral intention of the female university students who have a high risk of the HPV infection.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.208-218
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the factors influencing on practice of healthcare-associated infection control among clinical nurses. Methods: The subject of this study were 118 nurses who worked in medical surgical ward and ICU of 2 general hospital in Gwangju city. Data were collected with a questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheff$\acute{e}$ test, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS/WIN 12.0. Results: The major findings of this study were as follow: There were significant positive correlation between knowledge, recognition, empowerment and practice of healthcare-associated infection control. The significant factors influencing practice of healthcare-associated infection control were recognition and empowerment, which explained 68.8% of the practice of healthcare-associated infection control. Conclusion: These results indicate that recognition on healthcare-associated infection control and empowerment among clinical nurses should be reinforcement via consistent education, administrative and organizational support at the level of hospital.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2018

Aspergillosis is a life-threatening disease in individuals with compromised immune systems. Fungal invasion is a highly critical process during host cellular infection. Several papers have reported that transcription factors are responsible for the infection process. To investigate what transcription factors are involved in the process in an effort to inhibit fungal infection into cells, I checked the surfactant protein family and PU.1 transcription factor levels in A549 cells infected with A. fumigatus conidia. PU.1 and surfactant protein-D levels were reduced in cells infected with fungal conidia. I then observed an increase in surfactant protein-D on PU.1-overexpressed cells. Infection of A. fumigatus conidia was decreased in PU.1-overexpressed cells, whereas the suppression of PU.1 did not lead to any changes in cases of A. fumigatus conidia infection. These results indicate that PU.1 inhibits the infection of A. fumigatus conidia via the expression of surfactant protein-D, suggesting that PU.1 is a key transcription factor for protection against A. fumigatus invasion.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.149-160
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify factors influencing performance of MultiDrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) infection control by nurses in general hospitals. Methods: The research design was a descriptive survey design using convenience sampling. Data were collected from 130 nurses working in 6 general hospitals. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS/WIN 21.0 program for descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. Results: General hospital nurses' MDROs infection control performance was influenced by their awareness of environmental safety, recognition of MDROs infection control, number of beds in the hospital, whether nurses had nursing experience with infection control and guidelines for MDROs infection control. The most important predictors of MDROs infection control performance were awareness of environmental safety and recognition of MDROs infection control. Conclusion: Findings indicate that it is necessary to include content related to awareness of environmental safety and recognition of infection control in developing MDROs infection control education programs for general hospital nurses.