• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.28-36
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• 1998

Background : Yang-do-rack is frequently used in diagnosing syndromes in oriental medical hospital, but there has been few clinical report on Yang-do-rack. So we intended to find out the relationship among Yang-do-rack, general characteristics and the differentiaion of syndromes in acute stroke patients. Materials and Methods : In this study we selected the subjects who were hospitalized from March 1, 1998 to July 31. 1998 at the department of circulatory internal medicine at college of oriental medicine, in Kyung-Hee University, diagnosed acute cerebral infarction or hemorrhage within 7 days after onset time. We checked Yang-do-rack scores with Autonomic Nervous System YORAK (Sord Medicom co. Ltd, Korea) and calculated the scores of each diffentiation of syndroms. Resuts : 1. In left leg meridian, there was more numerical value male than female on LF1, LF2, LF4, LF6. The value of LF1, LF3, LF4, LF5 was getting lower as the score of heat-transformation syndrom(火熱證) increased. 2. In left arm meridian, there was more numerical value male than female on LH2, LH5. The value of LH1, LH3, LH5 was getting lower as the score of exuberance of Yang due to deficiency of Yin syndrom(陰虛陽亢證) increased. 3. In right leg meridian, there was more numerical value male than female on RF1, RF2, RF4, RF6. The value of RF3, RF5 was getting lower as the score of heat-transformation syndrom(火熱證) increased and RF4 as the score of exuberance of Yang due to deficiency of Yin syndrom(陰虛陽亢證) increased. 4. In right arm meridian, the value of RH1 was getting lower as the score of exuberance of Yang due to deficiency of Yin syndrom(陰虛陽亢證) increased. These results show that the Yang-do-rack diagnosis could offer supplemental help for diffrentiation of syndroms in acute stroke patient.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.197-203
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to identify whether pre-conditioning exercise has neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia, through enhance brain microvascular integrity. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1) Normal (n=10); 2) Exercise (n=10); 3) Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), n=10); 4) Exercise+MCAo (n= 10). Both exercise groups ran on a treadmill at a speed of 15 m/min, 30 min/day for 4 weeks, then, MCAo was performed for 90 min. Brain infarction was measured by Nissl staining. Examination of the remaining neuronal cell after MCAo, and microvascular protein expression on the motor cortex, showed the expression of Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) & laminin. Results: After 48 hr of MCAo, the infarct volume was significantly reduced in the Ex+MCAo group ($15.6{\pm}2.7%$) compared to the MCAo group ($44.9{\pm}3.8%$) (p<.05), and many neuronal cells were detected in the Ex+ MCAo group ($70.8{\pm}3.9%$) compared to the MCAo group ($43.4{\pm}5.1%$) (p<.05). The immunoreactivity of laminin, as a marker of microvessels and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were intensively increased in the Ex+MCAo group compared to the MCAo group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the neuroprotective effects of exercise pre-conditioning reduce ischemic brain injury through strengthening the microvascular integrity after cerebral ischemia.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.213-219
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• 2016

Objective: Although guideline recommends beta blockers (BBs) as first line antianginal agent and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) as alternatives after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), the prescription patterns in real practice are not in accordance with the guideline. We aimed to investigate the prescribing patterns of primary antianginal drug and relating factors in patients who underwent PCI. Methods: Patients who have undergone PCI without myocardial infarction (MI) from November 2012 to June 2014 and followed up at least one year in a tertiary teaching hospital were included. Prescribing patterns of primary antianginal drug before, at the time of, and one year after PCI were described. Factors affecting drug selection, and their relationship with incidence of clinical outcomes defined as MI and repeated PCI, unscheduled admission or visit related with heart problem were analyzed with multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 506 patients were included and as primary antianginal drugs, BB, CCB, and both were prescribed in 32.2%, 24.5%, and 17.8% of patients, respectively. Also, neither BB nor CCB was prescribed at the time of PCI in 25.5% of patients. Compared with BB, CCBs were more likely prescribed in patients who had hypertension (Odds Ratio, OR 2.18, 95% confidence interval, CI 1.16-4.07), use of same class before PCI (OR 7.18, 3.37-15.2) and concomitant angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) use (OR, 1.92, 95% CI 1.10-3.33). Incidence of clinical outcomes were not significantly greater in patients who prescribed CCB compared with BB at the time of PCI (aOR 1.32, CI 0.65-2.68). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that half of the patients who underwent PCI were prescribed BB. CCB were favored in patients with hypertension, use of same class before PCI, and concomitant ARB use. Significant difference in clinical outcome was not observed between BB and CCB selection as primary antianginal drug.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2016

Objective: Direct current cardioversion for atrial fibrillation could be associated with the risk of thromboembolic events. Anticoagulation therapy with warfarin (INR 2.0-3.0) is recommended 3 weeks before and 4 weeks after cardioversion to reduce the risk of thromboembolism. This study evaluated warfarin therapy in pharmacist-managed anticoagulant services (ACS). Methods: This retrospective study was performed in 106 patients with atrial fibrillation from 2012 to 2013. The primary efficacy endpoint was the composite of stroke, transient ischemic attack, myocardial infarction, and cardiovascular death. The primary safety measure was major bleeding. To evaluate the peri-procedural effects of warfarin treatment, we studied whether target INR was maintained, as well as the maintenance period of the therapeutic range. Quality of treatment was measured by time in therapeutic range (TTR) by using the Rosendaal method. Results: There were no thromboembolic events, but TEE examination at time of cardioversion showed a left atrial thrombus in three patients (2.8%). Bleeding complications after cardioversion occurred in 2 patients (1.9%). The average INR value at the time of cardioversion was $2.59{\pm}0.8$, and was within the therapeutic range in 83 patients (78%). Analysis of the patients in whom the value was within the therapeutic range twice consecutively showed that the ratio of TTR was 80% and the therapeutic range was maintained in 67 patients (63%) for an average of 4.90 weeks prior to cardioversion. Similarly, 76 patients (72%) had a stable INR within the therapeutic range for an average of 5.70 weeks and a mean TTR of 83%. Conclusion: Pharmacists significantly contributed to appropriate warfarin treatment with close monitoring during cardioversion. Likewise, active pharmacist monitoring and systemic management should be considered to reduce thromboembolism and bleeding complications in the peri-cardioversion period.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.153-164
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• 1998

1997년 10월 1일부터 1997년 12월 31일까지 3개월간 대구광역시 소재 3개 한방병원에 입원해 있거나 통원치료를 받고 있는 뇌졸중 환자 163명을 대상으로 조사 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 성적을 얻었다. 조사 대상자의 일반적 특성은 성별에서 163예 중 남 여의 비는 1：1.36이었고, 연령층은 60대에서 36.8%, 50대에서 25.2%, 70세 이상에서 19.6%의 순으로 나타났다. 결혼관계는 기혼이 74.7%, 학력은 초등학교졸업이 41.5%, 직업은 가정 주부와 농축어 업이 각각 27.7%로 가장 높았다. 뇌졸중의 유발원인 및 발병시 상태는 육체적 활동 20.2%,과로 16.2%, 취침중 15.5%, 정신적 충격 14.9%, 사고 7.2%, 음주 2.6%의 순이었다. 병류별 발생빈도는 157예에서 뇌경색 (혈전증, 색전증 포함)이 47.7%, 뇌출혈이 38.2%, 지주막하출혈이 5.1%, 기타가 8.9%였다. 비만정도에 있어서는 161예 중 보통이다가 64.0%, 비만이 26.7%, 저체중이 9.3%였으며, 성별로는 비만인 여자가 19.9%로 남자의 6.8%보다 월등히 높았다 (p<0.05). 음주에 관해서는 163예 중 소주 2홉 1병 기준으로 안한다가 65.6%, 2∼3일에 한번 한다가 11.0%, 한달에 1∼2회는 9.8％, 매일한다가 8.6%, 1주일에 한번은 4.9%의 순이었다. 흡연에 있어서는 162예중 안한다가 63.0%,하루에 0.5∼l갑이 16.0%, 1∼2갑이 15.4%, 반갑 이하가 4.9%, 2갑 이상이 0.6%의 순으로 나타났다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.251-260
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• 2017

Platelet activation is essential at the sites of vascular injury, which leads to hemostasis through adhesion, aggregation, and secretion process. However, potent and continuous platelet activation may be an important reason of circulatory disorders. Therefore, proper regulation of platelet activation may be an effective treatment for vascular diseases. In this research, inhibitory effects of cordycepin (3'-deoxyadenosine) on platelet activation were determined. As the results, cordycepin increased cAMP and cGMP, which are intracellular $Ca^{2+}$-antagonists. In addition, cordycepin reduced collagen-elevated $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ mobilization, which was increased by a cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) inhibitor (Rp-8-Br-cAMPS), but not a cGMP-protein kinase (PKG) inhibitor (Rp-8-Br-cGMPS). Furthermore, cordycepin increased $IP_3RI$ ($Ser^{1756}$) phosphorylation, indicating inhibition of $IP_3$-mediated $Ca^{2+}$ release from internal store via the $IP_3RI$, which was strongly inhibited by Rp-8-Br-cAMPS, but was not so much inhibited by Rp-8-Br-cGMPS. These results suggest that the reduction of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ mobilization is caused by the cAMP/A-kinase-dependent $IP_3RI$ ($Ser^{1756}$) phosphorylation. In addition, cordycepin increased the phosphorylation of VASP ($Ser^{157}$) known as PKA substrate, but not VASP ($Ser^{239}$) known as PKG substrate. Cordycepin-induced VASP ($Ser^{157}$) phosphorylation was inhibited by Rp-8-Br-cAMPS, but was not inhibited by Rp-8-Br-cGMPS, and cordycepin inhibited collagen-induced fibrinogen binding to ${\alpha}IIb/{\beta}_3$, which was increased by Rp-8-Br-cAMPS, but was not inhibited by Rp-8-Br-cGMPS. These results suggest that the inhibition of ${\alpha}IIb/{\beta}_3$ activation is caused by the cAMP/A-kinase-dependent VASP ($Ser^{157}$) phosphorylation. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that inhibitory effects of cordycepin on platelet activation were due to inhibition of $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ mobilization through cAMP-dependent $IP_3RI$ ($Ser^{1756}$) phosphorylation and suppression of ${\alpha}IIb/{\beta}_3$ activation through cAMP-dependent VASP ($Ser^{157}$) phosphorylation. These results strongly indicated that cordycepin might have therapeutic or preventive potential for platelet activation-mediated disorders including thrombosis, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, or cardiovascular disease.

• BMB Reports
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• 제45권12호
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• pp.742-747
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• 2012

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used for heart failure therapy and promotes myocardial regeneration by inducing mobilization of bone marrow stem cells to the injured heart after myocardial infarction; however, this treatment has one weakness in that its biological effect is transient. In our previous report, we generated 5 mutants harboring N-linked glycosylation to improve its antiapoptotic activities. Among them, one mutant (Phe140Asn) had higher cell viability than wild-type hG-CSF in rat cardiomyocytes, even after treatment with an apoptotic agent ($H_2O_2$). Cells treated with this mutant significantly upregulated the antiapoptotic proteins, and experienced reductions in caspase 3 activity and PARP cleavage. Moreover, the total number of apoptotic cells was dramatically lower in cultures treated with mutant hG-CSF. Taken together, these results suggest that the addition of an N-linked glycosylation was successful in improving the antiapoptotic activity of hG-CSF, and that this mutated product will be a feasible therapy for patients who have experienced heart failure.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.929-939
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• 2016

Objectives: Strokes have diverse symptoms and signs. One of ten stroke patients has chronic pain after a stroke. Pain after a stroke interrupts rehabilitation and worsens quality of life, but there is no efficient treatment for this pain. This study surveyed and reports on the clinical studies of treatment for chronic pain after a stroke. Methods: We searched journals for reports on clinical studies of treatment for chronic pain after a stroke through the databases OASIS (http://oasis.kiom.re.kr), NDSL (ndsl.kr), Kmbase (http://kmbase.medric.or.kr/), and PubMed (http://www. pubmed.com). The search words were "stroke & pain", "jungpung中風 & pain", "pungbi風痺", "cerebral hemorrhage & pain", and "cerebral infarction & pain". Results: Twenty-nine studies of treatment for chronic pain after a stroke were found. Of these, 15 were randomized controlled trials, 10 were nonrandomized controlled trials, and 4 were "before and after" studies. Treatments were diverse, including acupuncture, electroacupuncture, herbal acupuncture, herbal medicine, and more. The treatment periods were longer than 3 weeks on average. Conclusions: These results show that good quality randomized controlled trials of treatment for chronic pain after a stroke are small in number. We need larger and more diverse studies of treatment for chronic pain after a stroke.

• 한국의학물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국의학물리학회 2002년도 Proceedings
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• pp.314-317
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical application of Patlak tool on GE PET workstation for quantitative analysis of dynamic PET images in cardiac patients. Three patients including coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and angina were studied. All subjects underwent dynamic cardiac PET scan using a GE Advance scanner. After 10 min transmission scan for attenuation correction using two rotating $\^$68/Ge rod sources, three patients with cardiac disease were performed dynamic cardiac PET scan after the administration of approximately 370 MBq of FDG. The dynamic scan consisted of 36 frames with variable frame length (12${\times}$10s, 6${\times}$20s, 6${\times}$60s, 12${\times}$300s) for a total time of 70 min. Blood samples were obtained to determine the plasma substrate concentration. Region of interest of circular and rectangular shape to acquire input functions and tissue data were placed on left ventricle and myocardium. A value of 0.67 was used for lumped constant. Mean plasma substrate concentrations for three patients were 100 mg/dl (CAD), 100 mg/dl (MI), 132 mg/dl (angina), respectively. Regional MMRGlc values (mean${\pm}$SD) at lateral myocardium area for CAD, MI, and angina were 8.43${\pm}$0.24, 4.08${\pm}$0.16, and 6.15${\pm}$0.23 mg/min/100ml, respectively. Patlak tool on GE PET workstation appeared to be useful for quantitative analysis of dynamic PET images in cardiac patients, although further studies may be required for absolute quantitation.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.423-431
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• 1993

허혈성 뇌졸중의 재발에 관여된다고 생각되는 주요 위험인자들을 파악하기 위하여 영남대학교 의과대학 부속병원 신경과에 내원한 환자들중 재발된군과 비재발된군을 선정하여 통상적으로 알려진 뇌졸중 위험인자들을 조사하여 그 중 뇌졸중 재발에 영향을 끼치는 요인을 분석 검토하였다. 재발군의 성별은 77명중 남자가 55명, 여자가 22명이었으며, 비재발군은 124명중 남자가 84명, 여자가 40명으로 성별차이를 분석해보면 의미있는 위험인자로 작용하지 못했다. 재발군의 연령은 29세에서 85세까지 평균 62.1세였고 비재발군은 27세에서 90세로 평균연령은 60.7세로 두군 모두 다 60대에서 가장 높은 발병율을 보였고 이 역시 통계적 유의성이 없었다. 당뇨병, 심근경색, 심방세통, 일과성 뇌 허혈증등과 같은 위험 요인이 있더라도 재발에는 영향을 미치지 못한것으로 나타났고 또한 뇌졸중의 병형이나 병변부위도 재발에 미치는 영향은 별로 없는 것으로 조사되었다. 그러나, 고혈압의 병력이나 입원기간중 높은 혈압을 보인 경우는 두군간에 유의성이 있는 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과로 처음 뇌졸중이 발병하여 입원중 측정한 혈압이 160mmHg/95mmHg 이상으로 높았거나 고혈압의 병력이 있는 경우에는, 그렇지 않은 환자에 비해 향후 2년 내에 허혈성 뇌졸중이 재발할 가능성이 높으므로 적절한 치료로서 예방에 도움을 얻는 것이 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 이외의 위험인자들에 대해서도 지속적 연구가 있어야 할 것으로 사료된다.