• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제63권7호
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• pp.278-283
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• 2020

Background: Major questions remain regarding the agestratified trends of allergic diseases and asthma in Korea. Purpose: To identify the estimated recent prevalence and 10-year trends in asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis among the Korean population from 2008 to 2017. Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional survey (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) over 10 years (2008-2017) examined representative samples of the Korean population (n=85,006) including 2,131 infants, 4,352 preschool children, 12,919 school-age children, 44,200 adults, and 21,404 elderly adults. Results: In the 2016 to 2017 population, the estimated prevalence of asthma was 0.9% in infants, 2.3% in preschool children, 4.1% in school-age children, 2.3% in adults, and 4.1% in the elderly. The estimated prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 9.0%, 20.2%, 27.6%, 17.1%, and 6.9%, respectively. The estimated prevalence of atopic dermatitis was 5.9%, 11.3%, 14.6%, 3.9%, and 1.6%, respectively. Ten-year trends revealed a significant decrease in asthma prevalence in infants, preschool children, and the elderly. and in atopic dermatitis prevalence in infants and preschool children (P<0.05 for all trends). Furthermore, 10-year trends demonstrated a significant increase in allergic rhinitis prevalence in school-age children, adults, and the elderly, and in atopic dermatitis prevalence in school-age children and the elderly (P<0.05 for all trends). Conclusion: These results improve our understanding of the age-stratified epidemiology of allergic diseases in Korea and suggest the need for the development of tailored and precise strategies to prevent allergic diseases in different age groups.

• 고신대학교 의과대학 학술지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.171-180
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• 2018

Objectives: We investigated whether asthma attacks in asthmatic children were caused by short-term exposure to particulate $matter(PM)_{2.5}$. Methods: Subjects were 411 patients who received inhalation therapy in National Fukuoka Hospital, from March to May 2013. All subjects were outpatients. We surveyed the air quality measurement results in the stations closest to the address of the patients. Data were used from the City of Fukuoka website data on air pollution. We carried out a case-crossover study and compared $PM_{2.5}$ concentration between 7 days after asthma attack occurred and the day asthma attack occurred and 1, 2 and 3 days before asthma attack occurred. Results: Highest hourly concentration of the day (OR 1.013, 95%CI 1.000-1.025) showed a significant association with 1 day before $PM_{2.5}$ concentration statistically. And 0-1 year-old infants were more vulnerable to the highest concentration of 1 day before $PM_{2.5}$ concentration(P < 0.05). Average concentration of $NO_2$ and $O_3$ and asthma attack also showed a significant association. Conclusions: Maximal daily $PM_{2.5}$ concentrations within 24 hours prior to the attack affect asthma exacerbation. 0-1 year-old infants are particularly vulnerable to $PM_{2.5}$ concentration. Asthma exacerbation is aggravated by $NO_2$ and $O_3$ concentration on the day of the asthma attack.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제49권7호
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• pp.763-768
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• 2006

목 적 : 후두세척술을 이용하여 얻어진 LLMI로 급성세기관지염의 흡인의 위험성을 평가하고, LLMI와 기도염증세포 사이의 연관성에 대해서 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법 : RSV 세기관지염을 앓은 22명의 환아에서 급성기와 회복기에 각각 후두세척술을 시행하여 총세포수와 세포분획을 계산하였다. 한 개의 대식세포당 지질함유량은 0부터 4까지의 점수로 측정하였고, LLMI는 100개의 세포를 검사하여 400점까지 측정하였다. 결 과 : 세기관지염의 급성기에는 회복기에 비해 총세포수와 LLMI가 의미있게 증가되었다(P<0.05). 후두세척액의 중성구 백분율은 LLMI와 상관관계가 있었다(r=0.69, P<0.001). pH 양성군은 pH 음성군에 비해 후두세척액의 LLMI와 중성구 백분율이 의미있게 높았다(P<0.05). 결 론 : 본 연구는 세기관지염 시기에 일시적인 흡인의 위험이 증가한다는 것을 보여준다. 후두세척액으로 측정한 LLMI는 세기관지염 환아에서 흡인의 유용한 지표가 될 수 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.679-688
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• 2013

본 연구는 우리나라 지역별 특성요인이 천식환자 발생에 미치는 영향 요인을 알아보았다. 연구대상은 2010년도 건강보험환자 중 천식 (J45~J46)으로 확진된 2,266,451명을 대상으로 하였다. 기초자치단체별로 천식환자 발생 차이를 비교한 후 위계적 회귀분석을 통하여 각 인자들이 천식환자 발생에 미치는 영향력을 분석하였다. 위계적 회귀분석 결과, 전체 천식환자 발생은 영유아 비율, $SO_2$, 기온차, 분지인 지형, 댐 지역에서 유의한 차이가 있었으며, 영유아 천식환자 발생은 주관적 건강수준 인지율, $SO_2$, 분지인 지형, 댐 지역에서 유의한 차이가 있었고, 노인 천식환자 발생의 경우는 영유아 비율, $NO_2$, 기온차, 해안지역에서 유의한 차이가 있었다. 지역별 다양한 특성요인이 상호 복합적으로 작용하여 천식을 유발하거나 악화시켜 천식환자 발생에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 취약계층인 영유아 및 노인은 천식 유해환경으로 부터 보호되고 예방될 수 있는 지역별 맞춤형 환경보건대책이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권9호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2012

Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of severe respiratory tract illnesses in infants and young children worldwide. Despite its importance as a respiratory pathogen, there is currently no licensed vaccine for HRSV. Following failure of the initial trial of formalin-inactivated virus particle vaccine, continuous efforts have been made for the development of safe and efficacious vaccines against HRSV. However, several obstacles persist that delay the development of HRSV vaccine, such as the immature immune system of newborn infants and the possible Th2-biased immune responses leading to subsequent vaccine-enhanced diseases. Many HRSV vaccine strategies are currently being developed and evaluated, including live-attenuated viruses, subunit-based, and vector-based candidates. In this review, the current HRSV vaccines are overviewed and the safety issues regarding asthma and vaccine-induced pathology are discussed.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2018년도 춘계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.409-410
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• 2018

Background: Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases and can be affected by environmental factors. It has been reported that exposure to indoor environmental factors can cause infantile asthma during infancy and childhood, but the previous studies are not yet clear. Climate change has recently been shown to increase indoor mold. Exposure to fungi is known to be directly related to the development of aggravation. Methods: This study was conducted from July 20, 2016 to September 30, 2016. The study was conducted on 90 household with children under the age of 7 who attend atopy school. The questionnaire surveyed allergic symptoms, social and demographic characteristics, and environmental characteristics. Environmentally hazardous substances were measured such as temperature, humidity, fine dust, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, bacteria, fungus, house dust mite, endotoxin. Results: According to the survey results, 9 patients (10%) were treated with asthma, 6 (6.7%) were asthmatic patients during the past 12 months, and 4 patients (4.4%) were asthmatic patients during the past 12 months. There were statistically significant differences in the direct effect of smokers in the family (P=0.0328). High-filter vacuum cleaners collected $0.4222CFU/m^3$ in subjects without asthma, and $0.2222CFU/m^3$ in subjects with asthma. In addition, various results confirmed that asthma exacerbated by mold exposure. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that exposure to fungal by infants and toddlers may play an important role in the development of asthma. In this study, we investigated the relationship between asthma and fungal concentration.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.10-22
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• 2016

Objectives This study is to analyze current guidelines for health check-ups in infants and children, and to develop better guidelines based on oriental medicine. Methods We analyzed The Manual of 2015's Health Examination for Infants and Children which is a Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST). The statistics from the test was collected from 2010 to 2014 to figure out the problems of Health Examinations for Infants and Children. 20 articles from 2000 to 2014 from RISS, NDSL were also analyzed. Results The current guidelines for health examinations in infants and children didn't include major pediatric diseases such as allergy and asthma. Also, the pediatrics health education materials were mainly focused on hypernutrition but not so much on nutrition deficiency. The number of the centers for Health Examinations for Infants and Children was 52.2% of the number of NIP-Participating medical institutions for infants and children. Conclusions Oriental medicine can be useful to prevent major pediatric diseases and to promote general health in pediatrics. By legislating 'Geon-a-beop', which is a law for infants and children, we can increase the number of medical centers for infants and children to get health check-ups. Currently, there are 9,769 Korean medical institutions, and the rate of traditional medical doctors of public health doctors was 25.5%. Weak Children Questionnaire is developed, considered to be more useful when it is developed with 5-point scale rather than 2.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.561-566
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• 2007

After researching on infantile diseases in Hyungsang medicine, the writer got the conclusions as follows. The infants who are excess of the Yang energy need to nourish the Eum- blood. The main causes of the infantile disorders are congenital defect and malfunction of internal organs by nature, as results of these they suffer from mental disorders or being undergrown. And after birth they get ill from internal injury or external affections, mainly epilepsy by retention of undigested food, fever, cough, asthma, nasal obstruction, dermatopathia, and affection by cold, etc. In Hyungsang medicine Dam-body is apt to get ill from deficiency of Eum-blood and bangkwang-body from deficiency of Yang-energy. And infants are hare to be moderate in food, so they become to diseases of the Spleen and stomach, especially infants with Yangmyung type get to epilepsy, cough, skin disorders, and obese for the reasonof overeating. Among main infantile symptoms congenital defects, infantile mental disorders, and convulsive diseases come from congenital defect and malfunciton of internal organs, so it must be treated the symptoms following the reasons. Above all infantile mental disorders are treated not to separate the spirit from the body. And fever, cough and asthma, affection by cold, skin diseases, poor appetite, and obese come from deficiency of Kidney or the deficiency and excess of the Spleen and stomach. In order to prevent from infantile diseases right antenatal training, taking medicine rightly, exercise and eating good habits are needed to give guidance. Seeing through the clinical cases in Hyungsang medicine, we come to know that the infantile mental disorders come out primarily for the reasons of the congenital defect, and the infantile epilepsy come from malfunction of internal organs, and the nasal obstruction and skin diseases come from deficiency of Kidney or the deficiency and excess of the Spleen and stomach.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.230-235
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• 2003

목 적 : 세기관지염과 기관지 폐렴은 흉부 X-선 사진으로 감별되며 세기관지염은 과팽창(hyperinflation)이 중요한 소견으로서 이는 기관지 천식의 흉부 X-선 사진 소견과 유사하다. 세기관지염에 이환된 환아는 향후 기관지 천식을 앓을 가능성이 높다. 기관지 천식은 Th1보다는 Th2와 호산구 활성에 의하여 유발되며, 이러한 Th2와 호산구 활성에 의한 영아의 하기도 질환은 그렇지 않은 하기도 질환보다 향후 기관지 천식으로 이행될 가능성이 높다고 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 영아의 세기관지염과 기관지 폐렴에서 Th1과 Th2 cytokine인 $IFN-{\gamma}$와 IL-5 그리고 호산구 활성의 지표인 Eosinophil cationic protein(ECP)를 관찰하여 세기관지염과 기관지 폐렴간의 면역 병태 생리에 차이가 있는지 여부를 알아봄으로써 영아 하기도 질환의 흉부 X-선 사진상의 차이가 향후 예후를 예측할 수 있는 지표로서 유용한지를 알아보고자 한다. 방 법 : 2세 미만의 영아로서 흉부 X-선 사진상 세기관지염 그리고 기관지 폐렴 환아 21명을 실험군으로, 호흡기 바이러스 감염의 증거가 없는 영아 16명을 대조군으로 하여 각각의 혈청에서 $IFN-{\gamma}$와 IL-5 그리고 호산구 활성의 지표인 ECP치를 측정 비교 관찰하였다. 결 과 : 1) IL-5치는 대조군보다 세기관지염과 기관지 폐렴에서 통계적으로 유의하게 증가되어 있었으나(P=0.02, P=0.042) 세기관지염과 기관지 폐렴간에는 각 군에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 2) $IFN-{\gamma}$치는 대조군보다 세기관지염과 기관지 폐렴에서 증가되어 있었으나 통계적으로 유의하지 않았으며 또한 기관지 폐렴에서 세기관지염에서보다 증가되어 있었으나 역시 유의하지는 않았다. 3) ECP치는 세기관지염에만 대조군에 비해 유의하게 증가된 ECP치를 관찰할 수 있었다. 4) 세기관지염과 기관지 폐렴 모두에서도 IL-5와 ECP간에 유의한 상관관계를 찾을 수 없었다. 결 론 : 영아 하기도 질환 환아의 혈청에서 대조군에 비해 증가된 알레르기 염증지표(IL-5, ECP)를 관찰할 수 있었으나 세기관지염과 기관지 폐렴간에는 의미 있는 차이가 뚜렷하지 않았다. 또한 세기관지염과 기관지 폐렴간에 IL-5와 $IFN-{\gamma}$의 유의한 차이를 관찰할 수 없어 이 두 질환의 면역 병태 생리에 Th1, Th2 림프구의 선별적 관여를 증명할 수 없었다. 결론적으로 세기관지염과 기관지 폐렴간의 흉부 X-선 사진 양상의 차이가 호흡기 바이러스 감염에 의한 영아 하기도 질환이 향후 기관지 천식으로 이행하는지 여부를 예측할 수 있는 지표로서 유용한 것 같지 않았다.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제11권sup1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Previous infant feeding guidelines recommended a delayed introduction of solids to beyond 6 months of age to prevent atopic diseases. However, scientific evidence supporting a delayed introduction of solids for prevention of atopic diseases is scarce and inconsistent. Current evidence does not support a major role for maternal dietary restrictions during pregnancy or lactation in the prevention of atopic disease. In studies of infants at high risk of developing atopic disease, there is evidence that exclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 months compared with feeding intact cow milk protein decreases the incidence of atopic dermatitis, cow milk allergy, and wheezing in early childhood. For infants at high risk of developing atopic disease who are not breastfed exclusively for 4 to 6 months, there is modest evidence that atopic dermatitis may be delayed or prevented by the use of extensively or partially hydrolyzed formulas, compared with cow milk formula, in early childhood. There is no convincing evidence that a delayed introduction of solid foods beyond 4 to 6 months of age prevents the development of atopic disease. For infants after 4 to 6 months of age, there are insufficient data to support a protective effect of any dietary intervention for the development of atopic disease.