• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.37 no.7
• /
• pp.540-549
• /
• 2004

Infants and children with food related Atopic Dermatitis (AD) need extra dietary efforts to maintain optimal nutrition due to food restriction to prevent allergy reactions. However, nutrition ignorance and food faddism make patients even more confused and practice desirable diet more difficult. The objective of this study was to report the AD patients' malnutrition cases in Korea. We report on 2 cases of severe nutritional deficiency caused by consuming macrobiotic diets which avoid processed foods and most animal foods, i.e. one of vegetarian diet. Case 1, a 12-month-old male child, was admitted with severe marasmus. Because of a history of AD, he was started on mixed grain porridge at 3 months without any breast milk or formula feeding. His caloric intake was 66% and protein intake was 69% of the recommended dietary allowance. Patient's height and weight was under 3th percentile. On admission the patient was unable to crawl or roll over. Case 2, a 9-month-old AD female patient, was diagnosed with kwashiorkor and rickets. She was also started on mixed grain porridge at 100 days due to AD. Her caloric intake has been satisfied recommended dietary allowance until 7 months, however, she conducted sauna bath therapy and reduced both energy and protein intake at 8 months. The amount of protein intake for case 2 was higher than recommended dietary allowance, but, sauna therapy and severe AD with intakes of low guality protein may increase patient's protein requirement resulting in kwashiorkor. Case 2 patient's height and weight was on 3th percentile. Both cases showed low intake of calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin E and especially very low intake of vitamin B$_{12}$ and vitamin D. Allergy tests for certain foods had not done prior to admission for both cases. They followed the dietary advise operated by macrobiotic diet internet site. In conclusion, AD infants' parents and caregivers should contact a pediatrician trained as a specialist in allergy for accurate diagnosis. For infant patients, breast or formula feeding including hypoallergenic formula should be continued until their one year of age. When certain foods need to be restricted or to follow special diets such as vegetarian diet, consultation with pediatrician and dietitian is needed.d.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.215-220
• /
• 2009

Purpose: Recently, the favorable merits of breast feeding have received widespread attention and the number of breast feeding children is increasing. We investigated the weaning practices between breast feeding infants and non-breast feeding infants with respect to iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Methods: Between March 2006 and January 2009, we surveyed 70 parents, the children of whom had been medically diagnosed with IDA, and 140 parents, the children of whom did not have IDA, about how they feed their children and how much they know about the weaning process. The infants and children were 6∼36 months of age and attended the Inha University hospital. Results: IDA patients started weaning later than non-IDA patients. Also, breast feeding in IDA patients was more frequent than in non-IDA patients (82% vs. 30%). The breast feeding group began weaning at approximately 6.4 months of age, which was statistically meaningfully compared to non-breast feeding infants. There were no differences in knowledge between the two groups of parents. Conclusion: According to our research, we assume that if weaning begins at 6 months, we cannot supply sufficient iron to meet the infant's needs, which increase sharply around 6 months of age because of depletion of stored iron. Thus, infants need to initiate weaning from breast feeding at 4 months of age to furnish an ample amount of iron or take iron-containing supplements. These methods would be expected to prevent IDA in breast feeding infants.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.73-78
• /
• 2010

This research was conducted to assess applicability of photostimulated luminescence (PSL) and Thermoluminescence (TL) methods for investigation of infant and young children products, nut, seasoned dried fish, spice, dried fruits, fruit & vegetable, grain and marine products, which are not approved for irradiation in Korea. PSL results show that the photon counts of non-irradiated samples were lower than 700, while those of irradiated samples were higher than 700. In TL measurement, TL ratio of irradiated samples were higher than 0.1 or ones can decrease below 0.1 whereas the temperature range of TL Glow curve was between $150{\sim}250^{\circ}C$. Monitoring result about 8 class of 325 not approved to irradiated foods, photon counts of samples were less than 700, and after re-irradiation TL Ratio ($TL_1/TL_2$) through re-irradiation step at 1 kGy were higher than 0.1 for the all samples. Therefore, these results suggested that PSL and TL measurements were useful detection methods for 8 class food products not approved to irradiation in Korea and all sample (325 cases) were not irradiated when we analysed by PSL and TL methods.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.154-162
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The Cow's Milk-related Symptom Score (CoMiSS^TM), which considers crying, regurgitation, stools, skin and respiratory symptoms, was developed as an awareness tool for evaluating cow's milk-related symptoms. The scoring ranges from 0 to 33. A score ≥12 was proposed as being likely cow's milk-related and suggestive of allergy to cow's milk. This study aimed to determine the age-related CoMiSS^TM values in presumed healthy infants in Poland. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in well-child clinics in two locations. Parents of the presumed healthy infants aged ≤6 months were approached during a routine checkup/vaccination visit. The exclusion criteria were as follows: presence of acute or chronic diseases, preterm delivery, treatment with therapeutic formula, and use of any food supplements (except vitamins) or medications. Results: Data from 226 infants were obtained (median age [Q1-Q3], 4 months [3-4]). The overall median (Q1-Q3) and mean (standard deviation) CoMiSS^TM values were 4 (2-7) and 4.7 (3.5), respectively. The 95th percentile was 11. Scores on some, albeit not all, components of the CoMiSS^TM significantly differed between age groups (crying, stools) or feeding type groups (stools and skin symptoms). Eleven children (4.9%) scored ≥12. Conclusion: This study adds to earlier age-related CoMiSS^TM data by providing CoMiSS^TM values in presumed healthy infants in Poland.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.151-164
• /
• 2006

Objective : The objective of this study is to analyze an increasing rate, difference of attack rate in age, relationship between atopic dermatitis and breast-feeding, the relationship between atopic dermatitis and the Sasang constitution, and various treatments of atopic dermatitis. Methods : This clinical study was carried out with 22 theses which are related with diagnosis, treatments, prognosis and control of atopic dermatitis. The 22 theses are carried on J Korean Oriental Pediatrics, J Korean Oriental Ophthalmology, J Korean Oriental Med, J Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease, J Korean Acad Fam Med and Korean J Food & Nutr. Results : The prevalence rate, attack rate and diagnosis rate of atopic dermatitis are increased in the year of 2000, compared with those of 1995. Comparing age of patient between the year of 1992 and 2002, the attack rate of atopic dermatitis is increased quickly over 7 years old. Specific immunoglobulin E(IgE) antibodies detected in patients under 1 year old was exclusively caused by food. But for the age over 7 years old, food and inhalant allergen are detected in the year of 2002 in compare with that of 1992. Because of breast-feeding, intemperate diet adjustment during the period of maternity of family history of atopic dermatitis, the attack rate of atopic dermatitis is increased in infant. The types of patients are categorized according to Sasang constitution and Soeumin group was largest. The Oriental medicine treatments of atopic dermatitis are bath & skin hydration, avoidance from antigen, dietetic treatment, external treatment, medication and phototherapy. Conclusion : The atopic dermatitis is associated with breast-feeding, Sasang constitution types. More active approach for the treatment and prevention of Atopic dermatitis in children are needed.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.11 no.sup1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2008

Previous infant feeding guidelines recommended a delayed introduction of solids to beyond 6 months of age to prevent atopic diseases. However, scientific evidence supporting a delayed introduction of solids for prevention of atopic diseases is scarce and inconsistent. Current evidence does not support a major role for maternal dietary restrictions during pregnancy or lactation in the prevention of atopic disease. In studies of infants at high risk of developing atopic disease, there is evidence that exclusive breastfeeding for at least 4 months compared with feeding intact cow milk protein decreases the incidence of atopic dermatitis, cow milk allergy, and wheezing in early childhood. For infants at high risk of developing atopic disease who are not breastfed exclusively for 4 to 6 months, there is modest evidence that atopic dermatitis may be delayed or prevented by the use of extensively or partially hydrolyzed formulas, compared with cow milk formula, in early childhood. There is no convincing evidence that a delayed introduction of solid foods beyond 4 to 6 months of age prevents the development of atopic disease. For infants after 4 to 6 months of age, there are insufficient data to support a protective effect of any dietary intervention for the development of atopic disease.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.366-377
• /
• 1991

A retrospective cohort study of low- income households was carried out on 679 mother-infant pairs to see the effect of weaning practices on growth between March, 1987 and January, 1988 in one rural area, one small city, and one big city, by measuring weight and height of children and intervewing mothers. The sample children showed a linear growth retardation from around 7 or 8 month based on WAZ and HAZ using the Korea Growth Standard. After adjusting both for birth-weight/length and morbidity effect, the ANCOVA test showed that :1) infants who were given supplements were not greater than those of not given. 2) infants who were eating supplements more frequently did not show a larger WAZ or HAZ than those of not eating or sometimes eating them. 3) The caloric intake rates of those of higher food frequencies were not greater than those of lower food frequencies. The context of nutrition education about weaning practices has to be changed stressing not only the early introduction of supplements but also the adequate amount of food intake to secure the rapid growth at this critical age.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.407-413
• /
• 2016

This study examined the relationship between the oral health knowledge of infants and the oral health management of their mothers. The participants were 198 mothers living in D city. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients with the SPSS/PC 20.0 program. The results revealed oral health to be a serious problem, and that a visit to a dentist regularly is important. The relationship between the oral health awareness and the confidence that can keep cavities from children did not show significant progress on any topic. A relationship was observed between oral health knowledge and confidence in children who visit a dentist once a year, and a negative correlation between the first visit times and the effects of fluoride on the teeth. The relationship between oral health awareness and mothers' confidence when their children felt a toothache was better when they visited a dental clinic and their knowledge about infant food and beverages without sugar improved. The results of this study can be used to improve the program for the mother's oral health knowledge and effective management in children's education.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.64 no.12
• /
• pp.602-607
• /
• 2021

In April 2020, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety licensed a hexavalent combined diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and acellular pertussis (DTaP), inactivated poliovirus (IPV), Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugated to tetanus protein, and hepatitis B (HepB) (recombinant DNA) vaccine, DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB (Hexaxim, Sanofi Pasteur), for use as a 3-dose primary series in infants aged 2, 4, and 6 months. The DTaP-IPV-Hib-HepB vaccine is highly immunogenic and safe and provides a long-term immune response based on studies performed in a variety of settings in many countries, including Korea. This report summarizes the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society guidelines for the use of this newly introduced hexavalent combination vaccine.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.3 no.3
• /
• pp.129-135
• /
• 1970

From the previous studies, F-P-4 formula was found to be comparable to full fat dry milk in its nutritive value and feeding performance. However, an attempt was made in order to make sure whether or not any possibility might exist, by which further improvement of nutritive quality and simultaneous reduction of product costs may be achieved. Using F-P-4 as a control, modifications were made in new formulas, F-P-5, F-P-6 and F-P-7 by reducing FPC, eliminating yeast from the mixture, and by enriching with methionine as needed. In particular, F-P-7 is completely free of FPC, hydrogenated oil and yeast. Yet, levels of total protein and fat were kept equal to those of F-P-4 in all formulas. An animal feeding test for all formulas using 10 female rats per group for 8 weeks and an infant feeding trial for F-P-5 and F-P-6 with 5 of each female infants under age of one for one month were conducted along with F-P-4 as a control. Almost the same results were obtained with F-P-4, 5 and 6, but F-P-7 showed the lowest body weight gain. FER of F-P-5 and 6 was 0.20 as was with F-P-4, while that of F-P-7 was 0.16. Acceptability to infants was excellent; growth, appearance and biochemical data were normal. As an example F-P-4 packed in 0.04mm polyethylene bags was used for storage study at $25^{\circ}C$ and relative humidity of $65{\sim}85%$ for 8 months. Although viable bacterial counts and vitamin C contents were reduced, peroxide and TBA values were increased gradually during such storage. Since there are also significant changes in color and organoleptic quality, the expected shelf life under the given conditions is considered to be about 2 months and thus further works are needed both on the product and packaging in order to improve the storage stability. Either elimination of yeast form F-P-4, that is F-P-5, or partial replacement of FPC with methionine, that is F-P-6 may well reduce material costs about 10%. Considering blending process of ingredients, F-P-5 is thus found to be the best formula developed. While F-P-7 free of FPC is inferior in its nutritive quality than that of others, but significantly superior than of rice. Furthermore, the material cost of the product can be reduced about 20% from that of F-P-4. And thus this vegetable blend is considered to be useful as a low cost supplementary food mixture for growing children.