• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.469-476
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• 2006

Objectives : To investigate the effect of parents' social class on infant and child mortality rates among the birth cohort, for the period of transition to and from the Koran economic crisis 1995-2004. Methods : All births reported to between 1995 and 2004 (n=5,711,337) were analyzed using a Cox regression model, to study the role of the social determinants of parents in infant and child mortality. The results were adjusted for the parents' age, education and occupation, together with mother's obstetrical history. Results. The crude death rate among those under 10 was 3.71 per 1000 births (21,217 deaths among 5,711,337 births) between 1995 and 2004. The birth cohorts from lower educated parents less than elementary school showed higher mortality rates compared with those from higher educated parents over university level (HR:3.0 (95%CI:2.8-3.7) for father and HR:3.4 (95%CI:3.3-4.5) for mother). The mother's education level showed a stronger relationship with mortality among the birth cohort than that of the fathers. The gaps in infant mortality rates by parents' social class, and educational level became wider from 1995 to 2004. In particular, the breadth of the existing gap between higher and lower parents' social class groups has dramatically widened since the economic crisis of 1998. Discussions : This study shows that social differences exist in infant and child mortality rates. Also, the gap for the infant mortality due to social class has become wider since the economic crisis of 1998.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.33-62
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyze the relative importance of three factor -socioeconomic development, public health development, egalitarian nature of socioeconomic development- affecting mortality declines. Infant mortality rate and life expectancy at birth are used as the mortality index, that is the dependent variables, while GNP is used as the indicator of socioeconomic development, primary school enrollment ratio of female as the indicator of egalitarian nature of socioeconomic development, population per hospital bed as the indicator of public health. The data of these variables are collected two time-periods -before 1970 and during 1970-1980- over 50 countries. The explanatory data analysis is used as the statistical technique. We can find whether the relationship between dependent variable and independent variables are linear or nonlinear, and which case is the influential case in our model. The main results of this study are followings. First, the association between infant mortality rates and four indices are not linear. The most important factor explaining the variation of infant mortality is GNP, while primary enrollment of female is the second and GINI is the third important factor. However, population per hospital bed does not have a significant effect on the infant mortality rates in this study. Second, life expectancy at birth is log-linearly related to GNP. Unlike infant mortality rates, the most important factor explaining the variation of life expectance at birth is women's education and the next important factor GNP, and then the third one GINI. But, still population per hospital bed is not significantly related to the variation of life expectance in this study.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.348-357
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to identify maternal, infant, and perinatal mortality using the national population data of South Korea between 2018 and 2020, and to analyze mortality rates according to characteristics such as age, date of death, and cause of death in each group. This study updates the most recent study using 2009 to 2017 data. Methods: Analyses of maternal, infant, and perinatal mortality were done with data identified through the supplementary investigation system for cases of death from the Census of Population Dynamics data provided by Statistics Korea from 2018 to 2020. Results: Between 2018 and 2020, a total of 99 maternal deaths, 2,427 infant deaths, and 2,408 perinatal deaths were identified from 901,835 live births. The maternal mortality ratio was 11.3 deaths per 100,000 live births in 2018; it decreased to 9.9 in 2019 but increased again to 11.8 in 2020. The maternal mortality ratio increased steeply in women over the age of 40 years. An increasing trend in the maternal mortality ratio was found for complications related to the puerperium and hypertensive disorders. Both infant and perinatal mortality continued to decrease, from 2.8 deaths per 1,000 live births in 2018 to 2.5 in 2020 and from 2.8 in 2018 to 2.5 in 2020, respectively. Conclusion: Overall, the maternal, infant, and perinatal mortality statistics showed improvements. However, more attention should be paid to women over 40 years of age and specific causes of maternal deaths, which should be taken into account in Korea's maternal and child health policies.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.67-90
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• 2001

Korea National Statistical Office(KNSO) estimated period birth rates, period death rates, and probability of dying for infant(q$q_{0}$) at period life table, considering the unregistered infant deaths. As Ministry of Health and Welfare(MHW) conducted 1993 and 1996 birth cohort infant death surveys. KNSO re-estimated infant mortality levels(especially q$q_{0}$). For the re-estimation, reference data were derived from death registration. MHW surveys, death registration of developed countries. Model Life Tables, and Life Table for Japan. Seventeen simulations were made by the combination of estimation methods and reference data. The final $q_{0}$ was estimated based on the relationship between $q_{0}$ of MHW 1993 survey and $q_{1-4}$ of registered deaths for the period of 1971~1997. For 1993, $q_{0}$ was calculated directly from the 1993 MHW survey and interpolation and extrapolation were made for 1995 and 1997 using the relative decrease rates of $q_{0}$ between 1993 and 1996 MHW surveys. Utilizing the formular of Coale-Demeny North Model, $q_{0}$ was transformed into $m_{0}$ for the period 1971~1997. Finally, cremation data are found to be very useful for the estimation of 1998 infant mortality level by supplementing unregistered infant deaths, especially neonatal deaths. Furthermore, they are found to be very useful to produce fetal and perinatal death statistics.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.233-236
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• 2008

In recent years, Korea has experienced a steadily declining birth rate, which is a serious social problem in the country. Although living conditions have improved, the birth rates for low birth weight infants and preterm babies has increased because more and more women choose to give birth later in life and the social environment has changed. The rise in low birth weight infants may increase infant mortality rates and morbidity rates. However, the recent improvements in neonatal care has elevated the survival rate of low birth weight infants up to 90 percent and lowered the weight of the very low birth weight infants that can now be saved. In this study, we used dynamic population statistics from the Korea National Statistical Office, which represents the current trend of social stratification and the population of this period. We analyzed birth records for a seven-year period and studied the changes in the delivery rate of preterm and low birth weight infants and the problems related to those changes. The results show that the rate of low birth weight infants has increased from 3.79% to 4.35% for the past seven years. The rate of preterm babies rose from 3.79% to 4.89%. The number of babies born from mothers aged 35 or more went up from 6.69% to 11.83% of the total number of the babies born. As maternal age has risen, the risks of delivering a preterm or low birth weight infant have also increased.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.454-462
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• 2020

Purpose: Sudden unexplained infant death (SUID) is a major contributor to infant mortality, and pediatric nurses have the responsibility to educate parents on SUID-reducing strategies. This study was conducted to measure pediatric nurses' knowledge of SUID-related safe sleep practices (K-SSSP) and infant cardiopulmonary resuscitation (K-ICPR). Methods: In total, 136 pediatric nurses were administered a survey including K-SSSP (13 items), K-ICPR (5 items), confidence in K-SSSP education (1 item; 5 points), and other factors relating to SUID experiences or education. Results: The correct answer rates of the K-SSSP and K-ICPR were 62.6% and 62.5%, retrospectively. The mean score for confidence in K-SSSP education was 2.6±0.9. Only 18 nurses (13.2%) responded that they educated parents on the content of the K-SSSP, while 76 nurses had received education on SUID. Positive relationships were observed between K-SSSP scores and higher education, between K-ICPR scores and having own child(ren) and clinical experience, and between confidence in K-SSSP education and higher education or having one's own child(ren). Nurses caring for newborns performed more SUID education than nurses working in other units. Conclusion: There is a profound need to implement a systemic educational program on SUID and strategies to reduce SUID for pediatric nurses.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.14-31
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• 1986

This study shows trends and age-sex patterns of mortality in Korea, based on adjusted death registration data during 1956∼1980. Description on the data-the types of errors and their methods of adjustment-are presented elsewhere (Kim, 1986). Crude death rates have declined in 20 years to 7.0 in 1976∼1980, almost half the level of 13.0 in 1956∼1960. Mortality of females declined faster than males, especially at older ages. Substantial differences in provincial mortality are observed based on the expectation of life at birth. The difference between the highest and the lowest provinces is 9.2 years for males and 8.3 years for females during 1976∼1980. This study presents two interesting features of age-sex patterns of mortality in Korea. One feature is higher female mortality than males during childhood periods. However, infant mortality is higher for males than for females throughout the period, though the difference is much smaller than is expected from various model life tables. Another feature is the rapid rise in mortality for males after age 40. This pattern is found to be existed throughout the period 1956∼1980. Further studies are recommended to establish its causal linkage to traditional sex role (as main bread winner) and health behavior (smoking and drinking) of males and recent rapid industrialization in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.228-236
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• 2014

Purpose: Common conditions, such as dehydration or respiratory infection can aggravate hypoxia and are associated with interstage mortality in infants who have undergone palliative surgery for congenital heart diseases. This study was done to evaluate the efficacy of a home monitoring program (HMP) in decreasing infant mortality. Methods: Since its inception in May 2010, all infants who have undergone palliative surgery have been enrolled in HMP. This study was a prospective observational study and infant outcomes during HMP were compared with those of previous comparison groups. Parents were trained to measure oxygen saturation, body weight and feeding volume and to contact the hospital through the hotline for emergency situations. Telephone counseling was conducted by clinical nurse specialists every week post discharge. Results: Forty-one infants were enrolled in HMP. Nine hundred telephone counseling sessions were conducted. Seventy-three infants required telephone triage with the most common conditions being gastrointestinal (50.7%) and respiratory symptoms (32.9%). With HMP intervention, interstage mortality decreased from 18.6% (8/43) to 9.8% (4/41) (${\chi}^2$=1.15, p=.283). Conclusion: Results indicate that active measures and treatments using the HMP decrease mortality rates, however further investigation is required to identify various factors that contribute to hemodynamic complications during the interstage period.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.61-76
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• 1969

A review has been made of mortality trends in Korea from 1958 to 1967 analyzing the data by sex, age and cause of death. The crude death rates and age specific death rates were estimated by the model of N. Keyfitz life table which had been developed by the data of the 1960's national census. The cause specific death rates shown in this article are based on the following: all deaths occurring in the death-registration are expressed as a numberator, while the denominator was estimated from the regular national census data by interpolation method. It is estimated that only an average of about 40% of deaths which occurred during a year were registered during 1958 to 1967. The validity and the reliability of the diagnosis of causes of death seem to be extremely poor in this country. Therefore the cause specific death rates in this article are aimed to reveal trends of causes of registered death ana not for the actual level of death rates. For 10 years very interesing mortality trends were observed : 1. The trend in the crude death rates was downward slowly. 2. The estimated death rate for the infant in 1960 was still high up to 100 per 1,000. 3. The rates for mortality attributed to such infectious diseases as pneumonia, bronchitis, gastroenteritis and measles decreased an average 40-60%. 4. The death rates for over-all tuberculosis decreased only 9.8%. 90% of the decrease was contributed by those in the less-than-15 year age group. 5. The death rates for chronic diseases, such as vascular diseases affecting the central nervous system, malignant neoplasm, major heart diseases and all accidents rose about 40-60%. 6. The rank order of the 10 leading causes of death showed large changes over the years, except for pneumonia and tuberculosis which occupyed 1st and 2nd places respectively. Vascular diseases affecting the central nervous system moved from 5th to 3rd place and malignant neoplasm from 6th to 4th place, The major heart diseases moved from 10th to 6th place and all accidents from 10th to 7th place. On tile other hand, gastroenteritis moved from 3rd to 5th place and influenja from 4th to 8th place.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-12
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• 2000

The first life tables of the Korean, the so-called Chosun Joomin Saengmyong_Pyo were constructed by Misusima, the head professor, and his faculty members of Preventive Medicine Department, Division of Medical Science, Keijo Imperial University in 1937. The above mentioned life tables were based on the age specific mortality rates by the resident registration and the data of a couple of total population censuses conducted by the Governor of Chosun Government General in 1925 and 1930. And they revealed the following facts: (1) by the first Abridged Life Tables of Korean(Chosunin), the expected life span of Korean male and female were 32 and 35 from 1925 to 1930, respectively. (2) the infant mortality rate of Korean male and female were 252- and 230-person among 1000-born respectively. In conclusion, nobody knows the level of those Life Tables, but it is important in terms of that they are the origin of Korean life tables.