• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권11호
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• pp.4244-4252
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• 2022

The accuracy of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations in estimating the computed tomography radiation dose is highly dependent on the accuracy of CT scanner model. A system was developed to observe the 3D model intuitively and to calculate the X-ray energy spectrum and the bowtie (BT) filter model more accurately in Monte Carlo N-particle (MCNP). Labview's built-in Open Graphics Library (OpenGL) was used to display basic surfaces, and constructive solid geometry (CSG) method was used to realize Boolean operations. The energy spectrum was calculated by simulating the process of electronic shooting and the BT filter model was accurately modeled based on the calculated shape curve. Physical data from a study was used as an example to illustrate the accuracy of the constructed model. RMSE between the simulation and the measurement results were 0.97% and 0.74% for two filters of different shapes. It can be seen from the comparison results that to obtain an accurate CT scanner model, physical measurements should be taken as the standard. The energy spectrum library should be established based on Monte Carlo simulations with modifiable input files. It is necessary to use the three-segment splicing modeling method to construct the bowtie filter model.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.1024-1027
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 성장기용 조제식 중에 영양강화를 위해 첨가하는 비타민 $D_3$와 $K_1$의 함량측정을 위해 lipase를 이용하여 효소 가수분해 후 유기용매로 비타민을 추출하여 동시에 분석하는 신속분석법을 위와 같이 수행하였다. 추출된 비타민을 전처리 컬럼에서 2번의 switching time을 설정하여 농축컬럼에 홉착시킨 후 gradient mode로 2가지 이동상으로 분석컬럼에서 각각의 성분을 모두 분리하여 동시에 검출하는 방법을 사용하였다. 시료로 사용된 성장기용 조제식은 표기함량보다 다소 높게 분석되었으나, 국제표준인증물질을 시료로 사용하여 본 연구의 실험방법에 의해 측정된 값은 인증된 표준값내의 결과를 보여주었다. 따라서, 비타민 $D_3$ 또는 $K_1$을 강화한 분유, 이유식 등의 분말 유제품 중에서 함량을 측정하고자 할 때 한정된 장비와 인력으로 각각의 2가지 실험방법을 수행하기가 어렵거나 시간단축이 필요한 경우, 본 연구에서 수행한 실험방법과 같이 시료전처리를 간단하고 신속하게 수행할 뿐만 아니라 역상컬럼과 column-switching HPLC에 의해 비타민 $D_3$ 또는 $K_1$을 동시에 분석함으로써 보다 효율적인 분석을 진행 할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.528-530
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• 2007

Purpose: Holoprosencephaly(HPE) is a rare developmental defect due to incomplete cleavages of the prosencephalon during the third week of fetal development. Chromosomal anomalies, genetic syndrome, teratogen, or genetic disorder of non-syndromic HPE are usually accepted as etiology. The consequences of prechordal mesoderm defect are varying degrees of deficit of midline facial development, especially the median nasal process(premaxilla), and incomplete morphogenesis of the forebrain. We experienced a case of lobar HPE with complete cleft lip and palate. Methods: A female newborn infant was born at $38^{+6}$ weeks' gestational age via NSVD. The infant's birth weight was 3.6 kg, height 52 cm, and head circumference 32.5 cm, showing microcephaly, flat nose, median complete cleft lip & palate, and hypotelorism, along with defects of midfacial development including losses of premaxilla, philtrum, nasal septum, and columella. Results: There were no specific findings noted from the head and neck X-ray and tests for endocrine and metabolic disorders, but clinical characteristics of midface and dysgenesis corpus callosum on brain MRI were seen, so that this case was diagnosed with HPE. Conclusion: HPE is divided into three categories of alobar, semilobar, and lobar prosencephaly according to the degree of cerebral hemisphere separation. Assesment of patient's brain abnormality and malformation is essential in determining the extent and benefit of surgical intervention. This case was included in the lobar type HPE which shows relatively good prognosis compared with other types and reconstruction of median complete cleft lip & palate and midfacial defects will be performed.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.725-729
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 1-kestose, raffinose, nystose 및 $1^{F}-{\beta}-fructofura-nosylnystose$ 등 4종 올리고당 분석을 위하여 기울기용매가 가능 한 증기화광산란검출기를 사용하여 이동상 조성, 유속 등 최적 조건을 설정하였다. 설정한 분석조건을 이용하여 표준액을 농도별로 희석(50, 100, 200, 400, 800${\mu}g/mL$)하여 검량선을 quadratic curve로 작성한 결과 상관계수는 1-kestose(1.0000), raffinose(0.9999), nystose(1.0000), $1^{F}-{\beta}-fructofuranosylnystose$(1.0000)으로 나타났다. 또한 분석조건의 재현성을 측정하기 위하여 혼합표준액 200${\mu}g/mL$을 5회 주입한 면적 값의 RSD는 1-kestose(1.47), raffinose(8.98), nystose(0.77), $1^{F}-{\beta}-fructofuranosylnystose$(2.02)으로 나타났다. 또한 사용된 시료의 프락토올리고당의 측정된 함량 결정계수에 대한 t-검정결과 모든 표준당에 대해 상관이 유의(p<0.05)함을 알 수 있어 본 HPLC-ELSD방법에 의한 정량이 타당한 것으로 나타났다. 본 방법을 통하여 fructooligosacchrides 및 raffinose분석에 유용한 것으로 사료된다.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.71-77
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• 1993

The baby makes very great strides in the first year of his life. The developmental principles may be summarised as follows : first, the continuous process from conception to maturity, second, the physical manifestation of neural maturation, third, the cephalocaudal direction, from proximal to distal, fourth generalized mass activity to specific individual responses, fifth, reflex dominance to integration. The stages of normal movement development an head control, rolling creeping(on belly), sitting crawling(on hands and on knees), standing and walking. The knowledge of normal movement development needs for the assessment treatment and management of C.N.S. injuried infant.

• 한국보육학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.145-163
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• 2019

본 연구는 유아 놀이에 대한 발달적 효과가 어떠한가를 메타분석을 통해 체계적으로 정리하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 2005년부터 2006년까지 11년간 국내에서 발행된 연구논문을 수집하였으며, 학위논문 90편과 학술논문 20편 등 총 110편의 논문을 최종 분석하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 유아 놀이에 의한 유아발달 전체효과크기는 1.21로 통제집단에 비해서 실험집단의 효과크기가 38.7% 높게 나타났다. 하지만 삽입된 효과크기를 계산한 결과 .81로 나타나 결측 연구들을 포함할 때는 현재 효과크기보다는 낮아질 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 유아발달 하위요인에서는 신체발달 1.28은 .95으로, 정서발달 1.42에서 .86로, 사회성 발달 1.13은 .85로, 인지발달 1.19는 1.07로, 언어발달 1.30은 1.30으로, 창의성 발달 1.00은 .69로 실제 효과크기는 대체적으로 낮아지는 경향을 보였으나 모든 발달영역에서 효과크기가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 조절변인에 의한 효과크기를 살펴본 결과 측정방법, 연령, 훈련, 총 횟수, 놀이유형에서 집단 간에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 유아 놀이가 발달적 측면에 효과가 있다는 것을 밝힘으로써 놀이가 유아의 발달을 반영하고, 발달을 촉진하며 발달적 변화를 위한 도구로서의 기능을 한다는 것을 확인하였다는데 의의가 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.796-804
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• 2009

Purpose: This quasi-experimental study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of an early nursing intervention program to support mothers of children aged 0-3 yr living in poverty. Methods: In this study, mothers who received financial support from the government were recruited from one city and assigned to an intervention group (24) and comparison group (18). They completed a baseline questionnaire about depression, child rearing burden, agreement on physical punishment, and child temperament. Also, Denver II screening of the children was performed by the researcher. Mothers in the intervention group received a home visit intervention every two weeks for three months. At 3-months post-baseline, questionnaire and Denver II screening were reused to compare these two groups. Results: Mother's depression, child rearing burden, agreement on physical punishment, and child temperament were not significantly different between the two groups. However, the percentage of depression declined only in the intervention group. Mothers in the intervention group showed higher Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) scores than mothers in the comparison group. Conclusion: The findings of the study show that this nursing intervention is an effective parenting program. The early nursing program for mothers with infant and toddlers in poverty is effective in promoting HOME, the child rearing home environment.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.1129-1142
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• 2004

Purpose: This research was conducted to evaluate the effects of asystemic follow-up care program on health promotion and risk reduction in 64 high-risk infants(HRI) including premature infants and their mothers. Method: The intervention consisted of systemic NICU education, tele-counseling and 3 home visits in 6 months. The subjects were divided into either the intervention group or the control group receiving the conventional NICU education without the tele-counseling and home visiting. Infant health promotion was measured using physical assessment, types of health problems, reflexes, OPD visiting history, DDST, immunization, feeding assessment, Infant death rate, etc. Maternal self-esteem, postpartum depression and family function were measured using the maternal self-report inventory(MRI), EPDS, and family apgar score(Fapgar), retrospectively. Result: All premature infants in the intervention group were in the normal range of growth and development, and the regular vaccination schedule. The health problems in the intervention group were addressed early so not to develop into adverse effects. The follow-up program for 6 months showed beneficial effects on MRI, EPDS, and Fapgar. Conclusion: A systemic follow-up health care program is beneficial on health promotion and risk reduction in 64 HRI including premature infants and their mothers.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.133-145
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• 2018

Breastfeeding is highly recommended due to its benefits for both the infant and mother; however, most mothers predominantly use formula feed. Breastfeeding affords protection against a wide variety of medical conditions that may emerge at different time points over the lifespan, including hospital admissions for respiratory infections and neonatal fever, offspring childhood obesity, and cancer as well as cardiovascular disease, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Moreover, breastfeeding is expected to decrease the risk of adolescent depression and other psychopathologies. It is also important for the development of the gut, gut-brain axis, and immune system, and night-time breast milk is likely to have higher antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immune regulatory effects due to the impact of breast milk melatonin on the infant's developing microbiome and gut permeability. Melatonin can be added to a night-time-specific formula feed; however, it is not included in the Korean Food Additive Codex.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

The diagnosis and treatment of cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) is still a challenge. A systematic literature search was performed using Embase, Medline, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials for the diagnosis and treatment of cow's milk allergy (CMA). Since none of the symptoms of CMPA is specific and since there is no sensitive diagnostic test (except a challenge test), the diagnosis of CMPA remains difficult. A "symptom-based score" is useful in children with symptoms involving different organ systems. The recommended dietary treatment is an extensive cow milk based hydrolysate. Amino acid based formula is recommended in the most severe cases. However, soy infant formula and hydrolysates from other protein sources (rice) are gaining popularity, as they taste better and are cheaper than the extensive cow's milk based hydrolysates. Recent meta-analyses confirmed the safety of soy and estimate that not more than 10-15% of CMPA-infants become allergic to soy. An accurate diagnosis of CMA is still difficult. The revival of soy and the development of rice hydrolysates challenge the extensive cow's milk based extensive hydrolysates as first option and amino acid formula.