• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.1445-1454
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• 1999

This study was designed to investigate the effects of a sensory stimulation program on the growth (weight, height, head circumference, and chest circumference), behavioral development, behavioral states, and the heart rate of the infants. A total of 23 infants of 2 weeks old were divided into sensory stimualtion group (11 infants) and control group (12 infants). The infants of sensory stimulation group had received sensory stimulation for 6 weeks. Sensory stimulation program was composed of tactile and kinesthetic stimulation. We assessed growth, behavioral state and heart rate every week and behavioral development every 2 weeks. The results were as follows: 1. Body weight in sensory stimulation group, from two weeks after the sensory stimulation program, was significantly increased more than control group, but there was no significant difference in height, head circumference, and chest circumference between the two groups. 2. Behavioral developmental score of sensory stimulation group was significantly higher than that of control group from two weeks after the sensory stimulation program. Developmental states of sensory stimulation group showed more 'high average developmental state' than the control group from 4 weeks after sensory stimulation program. 3. Behavioral states of sensory stimulation group after the sensory stimulation program, the 'sleeping state' was significantly increased more than control group. The 'awakening state' and the state of fuss or crying were significantly less than those of the control group. 4. The heart rate of the sensory stimulation group after the sensory stimulation was significantly lower than the control group. These results indicate that the sensory stimulation program decreases heart rate and improves the sleeping state to be effective on promoting the growth and development of the infants. In view of these experiments, we suggest sensory stimulation program might be considered as a nursing intervention for growth and development of the infants not only in clinical settings but also at homes and in the communities.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.186-195
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• 2024

Purpose: Infantile colic diagnostic criteria were established by Rome IV. A universally accepted management remains to be established. We aimed to evaluate diagnostic criteria, management strategies, and perceived regional prevalence of infantile colic in Pakistan, as well as its effect on physicians and parents. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed amongst 1,256 physicians. Results: We received 800 replies. Wessel and Rome IV criteria were used by most physicians for diagnosis; however, the response "any infant who cries a lot" was selected by older physicians (48% of those over 60 years), physicians in rural areas (32%), physicians practicing in private clinics (27%), and general physicians (30%). Estimated prevalence of infantile colic ranges from 21-40%. Reassurance was the most widely recommended management strategy followed by herbal teas (51%), switching to a different formula (49%), probiotics (28%) and antibiotics (26%), discontinuation of breastfeeding (14%), elimination of dairy products from the breastfeeding mothers' diet (6%), and the administration of colic drops (1%). Most physicians considered the negative impact of colic on their personal lives and the parents as mild-to-moderate. Notably, 38% of percent of physicians routinely screened for maternal depression, and 45% of physicians were aware of the association between infantile colic and shaken baby syndrome. Conclusion: Most physicians in Pakistan diagnose and manage infantile colic according to the established guidelines. However, the guidelines pertaining to treatment planning are not followed. Educational efforts directed toward general physicians and doctors practicing in rural areas and clinics must be implemented to avoid unnecessary testing and treatment burden.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제18권10호
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• pp.203-216
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 어린이집의 자유놀이에서 나타나는 영아와 교사가 각각 상호작용을 시작하려는 의도를 검토하여 발달을 도모하는 상호작용이 무엇인지를 탐구하려고 한다. 연구방법은 질적 연구방법으로 연구대상은 영아 9명과 영아반 교사 3명이다. 자료 수집은 영아의 오전일과에서 교사-영아 상호작용에 초점을 두고 캠코더로 녹화한 후 전사하였다. 3개월 동안 총 24회 관찰과 교사와 심층면담 그리고 연구대상 어린이집의 생활안내 책자, 일간/월간/연간계획안, 관찰기록, 행동발달 관찰기록서 등을 수집하여 분석하였다. 연구결과, 연구문제 1인 자유놀이에 나타난 영아의 상호작용 의도는 첫째, 어떻게 놀이해야 하는지를 알기위해 둘째, 일상 관련한 그림책의 내용을 보기위해 셋째, 정서적 요구의 충족을 위한 것으로 나타났다. 연구문제 2인 자유놀이에 나타난 교사가 먼저 상호작용을 시작하는 의도는 첫째, 사물탐색과 놀이시도를 돕기 위해 둘째, 교사중심에서 영아주도의 놀이전이를 위하여 셋째, 울음으로 의사를 표현하는 영아를 달래기 위한 것으로 나타났다. 상호작용의 질을 높이고 영아의 발달을 도모할 수 있는 영아 중심적 관점에서의 영아-교사의 상호작용에 대한 장기적 심층적 연구가 요망된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.712-718
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• 2002

목 적 : 영아 산통은 잘 설명되지 않는 울음을 특징으로 하는, 소아과 의사가 자주 접하는 문제 중의 하나로서, 환아 및 가족 구성원 모두에게 심각한 고통을 안겨준다. 최근의 보고에서 경구로 투여된 sucrose가 어린 영아에게 진통 효과가 있고 이러한 진통 효과가 영아 산통의 치료에도 효과가 있다고 보고하였다. 저자들은 sucrose가 주성분이면서 일상생활에서 흔히 얻을 수 있는 설탕이 영아 산통의 치료에 있어서도 진통 효과를 나타내는 지를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시도하였다. 방 법 : 부산 대동병원 응급실 및 외래 방문한 환아들 중 영아 산통을 가지고 있는 건강한 4-12주의 만삭아를 대상으로 삼았다. 보호자들에게는 적절한 설명과 교육이 이루어졌고, 각 군은 증상이 발생시에 10% 설탕물 2 mL 혹은 증류수 2 mL를 각각 투여하였다. 보호자는 하루 당 총 울음시간, 자정과 오전 6시 사이에 울면서 일어나는 횟수, 투약 후 울음이 그칠 때까지의 시간, 다른 증상의 발현 유무를 포함한 부모의 주관적인 판단에 기초한 5단계의 영아 산통 호전 점수가 기록되어있는 7일간의 보호자용 달력이 제공되었다. 모든 자료는 보호자용 달력과 면담을 통해 분석되었고, 면담자에겐 그 환아가 속해있는 군에 대해서 어떤 정보도 주어지지 않았다. 결 과 : 1주일간의 치료 후 자다가 깨어나는 횟수 변화의 있어서는 설탕군에서 $-1{\pm}1.2$회, 대조군에서 $0.47{\pm}1.07$회로 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나, 하루 중 총 우는 시간의 변화에서 설탕군은 $-1.58{\pm}1.43$시간, 대조군은 $-0.65{\pm}1.27$시간(P=0.045) 이었으며, 영아 산통 호전 점수에 있어서도 설탕군에서 $1.26{\pm}1.24$, 대조군에서 0.41${\pm}0.80$(P=0.019)로 설탕군에서 대조군에 비해 통계적으로 의미 있게 나타났다. 설탕군내에서 부모가 증상 호전이 있다고 대답한 11명의 환아와 그렇지 않은 8명의 환아들간의 나이에 따른 비교에서, 효과를 보인 군은 $45.67{\pm}7.49$일, 효과를 보이지 않은 군은 $55.75{\pm}10.44$일(P=0.038)일로 나이가 어릴수록 설탕에 대한 동통 감소 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 결 론: 이상의 연구에서 영아 산통을 가진 환아에게 단순히 설탕물을 투여하는 것만으로도 통증 감소에 효과가 있는 것으로 생각되며, 좀더 체계적이고 과학적이며 광범위한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.301-313
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop the frame for standardized manual for Sanhujoriwon by finding out the status of the management of women & newborn in Sanhujoriwon, like postpartum care center. The subjects were 95 staffs of 22 Sanhujoriwon agreed on oral consent, in Seoul and Bundang, Korea. Data were collected from Sep. 15 to Oct. 24, 2001. The instrument used for this study was a structured questionnaire consisted of 16 items of general characteristics & educational characteristics about postpartum care, 31 items of degree of management of women's postpartum care (Cronbach's $\alpha$.93 ), 24 items of degree of management of newborn's care(Cronbach's $\alpha$.94 ), 10 items of methods of management of women's postpartum care, 8 items of methods management of newborn's care. The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. The mean of the degree of management for postpartum women was 4.1. The mean score for the degree of management of general postpartum care for women was 4.00 & traditional postpartum care(Sanhujori) was 4.20. The degree of management of traditional postpartum care was higher than general postpartum care for women. 2. The degree of management for newborn : The mean score for the degree of management of newborn was 4.37. 3.There was a strong positive correlation between general postpartum care and traditional postpartum care($r=.744^{**}$), and postpartum mother care and newborn care($r=.798^{**}$). 4.The basic frame for the management of the women and newborn in Sanhujoriwon. 1) For women: Integrated postpartal care Physical management : Vital sign & BP check, contraction of uterus, form and amount of lochia, management of personal hygiene, management of breast & breast-feeding, management of postpartum exercise, prevention of infection, symptom & sign of high risk and prevention & management of high risk condition; Emotional-psychological management: assessment and management of mother-baby attachment, emotional state; Educational management : education of vaccination schedule, urinary incontinence, rearing infant, breast-feeding ; and Environmental management : temperature, humidity, disinfection, cleaning, light, infection control integrated with 6 principles of Sanhujori. 2) For newborn Physical management : check of vital sign, management of umbilical cord, jaundice, prevention of infection, management of diaper rash; Emotional-psychological management : assessment of sleep, crying, activity, response of mother-baby attachment; and Environmental management : temperature, humidity, disinfection, cleaning, light, infection control integrated with 6 principles of Sanhujori. In conclusion Sanhujoriwon must be health care center for the postpartum women and newborn. Therefore, the establishment of various laws and regulations in such a way to meet the realistic needs of Sanhujoriwon as a health care center for women and infants future health should be done. The standardized management manual based on the results is absolutely required above all.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.149-168
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• 2000

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the new effective oriential medicine tretments in pediatric disease and its clinical applicability The study was composed of 1245 new patients who had been treated at the all unit in the Dong-Seo oriential Medicine Hospitial for 1 year, from 1 April 1999 to 31 March 2000, and aged between 0 and 18 years. The chief complaint was mainly categorized by oral examination on patients and their care-givers. Result 1. The numbers of children who involved in this study is total 1245: Male children are 668 and female children are 577 children. The sex rate between male and female is 1.15 to 1. 2. Most of the above patients came to the hospital at first time from diseases such as musculoskelectal disease, weakness, asthma, cough, anorexia, common cold, rhiorrhea, sweating, dyspepsia, dematitis, night terror, obesity, stomach, short stature, Besides, they also came to the hospital at first time from various diseases such as epistasxis, pyrexia. Bell's palsy, nocturia, contipation, cerebral palsy, disorder, CVA. diarrhea. stress disease, Allergic disease, Tic disorder. Visual disorder, Kawasaki disease, Pierre Robin's syndrom, hematuria, edema and so on. 3. Looking at the frequent diseases, Respiratory dis. children including asthma, cough, rhiorrhea, sweating, common cold, pyrexia covers 36%, in 399 numbers. digestive dis. children including anorexia, dyspepsia, stomach, diarrhea, constipation, indigestion covers 19%, in 211 numbers. cadiovasculary disease children including arrthymia, terror in frequency, night crying, sediation, Tic disorder covers 8%, in 85 numbers. Hepatobiliary disease children including short stature, dizziness, visual difficulty, sprain, disorder of nail covers 21%, in 238 numbers. renal disease. children including nocturia, hematuria, hemation, disorder of hair, menorrhea, cerebral palsy, edema in 44 numbers. Fatigue children covers 13%. in 143 numbers. 4. In case of respatory disease children. total number is 399 children. dematitis children are 108 numbers and asthma children are 96 numbers. These show that children seem to the best have dematitis and asththma. The age from 0 to 6 is 290 numbers, covering 73 percentage. The others are covering 27 percentage. These data demonstrate that the age from 0 to 6 age could easily get these kinds - of diseases. The 29 percent of children had these kinds of diseases in spring. The 28 percent of children had these kinds of diseases in autumn. These show that children seem to frequently have these kinds of diseases in both spring and autumn season.(inter-season) 5. In case of digestive disease, anorexia covers 39%, in 83 numbers, dyspepsia covers 28%, in 59 numbers, anorexia and dyspepsia were the lagest group in digestive disease and the age from 0 to 6 covers 59%, in 125 numbers and the other age covers 39%. According to these data, infant seems to be vulnerable to these kinds of diseases. The 24 percent of children had these kinds of diseases in spring and summer. The 33 percent of children had these kinds of diseases in winter, which means that children mostly had winter. but decreased significant in autumn. 6. In case of cadiovasculary diseases, it can be divided into two categories: night covers 73% and nervous characteristics covers 27%. The age from 0 to 6 occupies 75%, and the other age occupies 25%. These data also show that infants can easily infected with these kinds of diseases. Analyzing by the season, summer could be the most frequent season that children have these kinds of diseases. but decreased in autumn. 7. In case of hepatobiliary children, sprains covers 166 numbers, fatigue covers 32 numbers, epistasxia covers 24 members, the reasion which sprain occupyied most of % were sprain covered ages. The age from 0 to 14 covers 59% and from 15 to 18 covers 41%. In the conclusion the adolescent seems to be vulnerable to sprains. In spring 29%, insummer 31%, in autumn 23%, and in winter 28% of children got these kinds of diseases, which show that children seems to have this kinds of disease in summer season. and decreased in autumn. 8. In case of renal disease. nocturia and hematuria covers 52%(occupied overhalf). The age from 0 to 6 covers 52%(occupied overhalf). Analyzing by season, in spring increased in summer(59%), decreased in autumn(45%) Conclusion 1. The chief complant in pediatric diseases that needed an oriental medical tretment was mainly the disease that tends to take iong time and the weakness. and appeared frequency in respiratory disease : 2. The oriential medical tretment was still preferred as a way to improve the weakness by patients, rather than a way to overcome their disease. In paticular, the study shows that the oriental medical tretment should be emphasized in terms of preventing the disease 3, The new disease, which were developed with the change of human life and envir oment(just like seual disorder, short stature, obesity, dynamic disorder, examinee disease), should be in vestigated as a new field of oriental medical tretment.