• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.10
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• pp.1593-1598
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• 2005

These studies were carried out to investigate the possibility for utilization of waste articles and the production of function characteristics Pork by feeding unshiu orange byproducts. The samples consisted of the pork not fed with unshiu orange byproduct (TP-0), the pork fed with 3$\%$ and 5$\%$ unshiu orange byproduct during growing and finishing period, respectively (TP-1), and the pork fed with 6$\%$ and 10$\%$ unshiu orange byproduct growing and finishing period, respectively (TP-2). The moisture, crude protein, crude fat and crude ash were not significantly different among samples. It was found that TP-1 had the highest calorie. The cholesterol content was lowest in TP-2 (p < 0.05). It was found that TP-2 had the lowest Na among minerals. Vitamin $B_{1}$ and $B_{2}$ were not significantly different among samples. The total amino acid contents of TP-0, TP-1 and TP-2 were 18.86$\%$, 20.03$\%$ and 20.44$\%$, respectively. Total free amino acid and saturated fatty acid vs. unsaturated fatty acid of Pork loins were not significantly different mong samples. The sensory scores were not influenced by feeding of unshiu orange byproduct.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.404-411
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• 2023

For the direct reforming of biogas, a three-phase gliding arc plasma reformer was designed to expand the plasma discharge region, and the operation conditions of the plasma reformer, such as the S/C ratio, the gas flow rate, and the plasma input power, were optimized. The H₂ production efficiency is increased at a lower specific plasma input energy density, but byproducts such as C_XH_Y and carbon soot are generated along with the increase in H₂ production efficiency. The formation of byproducts is decreased at higher specific plasma input energy densities and S/C ratios. The optimized operation conditions are 5.5 ~ 6.0 kJ/L for the specific plasma input energy density and 3 for the S/C ratio, considering the conversion efficiency, H₂ production, and byproduct formation. It is expected that the H₂ production efficiency will improve with the decrease in fuel consumption in biogas burners because the heat generated from plasma discharge heats up the feed gas to over 500 ℃.

• Clean Technology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.79-86
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• 2023

The homogeneous catalyst, Ru-MACHO-BH, selectively performs hydrogenation reactions only on the carbonyl group of α, β-unsaturated aldehyde compounds with extremely high reactivity and selectivity. However, the hydrogenation of α, β-unsaturated aldehydes involves a heterogeneous Diels-Alder reaction, resulting in the formation of significant amounts of byproducts, such as dimers. In this study, we used the Ru-MACHO-BH catalyst (Carbonyl hydrido (tetrahydroborato) [bis (2-diphenyl phosphino ethyl) amino] ruthenium(II)) to selectively hydrogenate the carbonyl group of a specific type of α, β-unsaturated aldehyde called methacryl aldehyde, leading to the synthesis of methallyl alcohol. Simultaneously, we applied diols to inhibit the formation of byproducts. The results demonstrate that monoethylene glycol can significantly reduce the formation of diols. Based on these results, we effectively suppressed the formation of dimers containing vinyl groups in methacryl aldehyde by using hydroquinone, which can efficiently inhibit the chemical interaction of vinyl groups. Consequently, the conversion rate of methacryl aldehyde was increased. Ultimately, by reducing the amount of the expensive homogeneous catalyst Ru-MACHO-BH to 1/10, we achieved a selectivity of over 90% and a yield of over 80% for the desired product, methallyl alcohol. These results provide a method to minimize yield reduction while reducing the usage of expensive catalysts, thereby improving cost-effectiveness. We expect that the reaction could be applied to various kinds of selective hydrogenation and has been successfully run on an industrial scale.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2014

Nowadays, due to the development of industrial and civil engineering technology, enlargement and diversification of concrete structures are being tried. At the same time, the hydration heat generated during the construction of large structures lead to thermal crack, which is occurs causing a problem that durability degradation. In this paper, in order to study the durability and reducing hydration heat of concrete according to the types of cement, that is ordinary portland cement, fly ash cement mixed with a two-component, ternary blend cement mixed with fly ash and blast furnace slag and low heat cement concrete are produced, and compare and analyze the results using property, durability and hydration characteristics, ternary blend cement is appeared to be the most excellent in durability and reduction of hydration heat, and it was determined suitable for construction of mass concrete and requiring durability.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.804-815
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• 2019

Due to the depletion and environmental problems of fossil fuel, biomass has arisen as an alternative energy source. Biomass is a renewable and carbon-neutral source. However, it is moister and has lower energy density. Therefore, biomass needs thermal chemical conversion processes like gasification, and it does not only produce a flammable gas, called 'syngas', which consists of CO, H2, and CH4, but also some unwanted byproducts such as tars and some particulates. These contaminants are condensed and foul in pipelines, combustion chamber and turbine, causing a deterioration in efficiency. Thus this work attempted to find a method to remove tars and particles from syngas with a filter which adopts a pre-coating technology for preventing blockage of the filter medium. Hydrated limestone powder and activated carbon(wood char) powder were used as the pre-coat materials. The removal efficiency of the tars was 86 % and 80 % with activated carbon(wood char) coating and hydrated limestone coating, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2008

A study was conducted to determine the effect of alcohol-fermented feedstuff formulated with byproducts on the fermentation characteristics and dry matter disappearance in the rumen. Dietary treatments were either a soybean curd-based alcohol-fermented feedstuff(AFS) and brewery grain-based alcohol-fermented feedstuff(AFB). The AFS and AFB are composed of 50% commercial beef cattle feed, 50% soybean curd dreg, 5% molasses and 0.5% yeast, and 25% commercial beef cattle feed, 25% brewery grain, 25% soybean curd dreg, 25% corn grit, 5% molasses and 0.5% yeast, respectively. The ruminally cannualted Korean cattle were utilized to investigate the change of ammonia, pH alcohol, volatile fatty acids, and DM digestibility at 0, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hr after feeding. The rumen ammonia concentrations were significantly lower in AFS and AFB with incubation time, especially at 6 hr incubation(AFS, 0.7 mg/dl; AFB, 1.5 mg/dl; control 2.5 mg/dl). Lower rumen pH was observed in AFS and AFB during the early stage of incubation, but no significant difference was found at late stage of incubation. The total VFA concentrations were not affected by diet treatments at 2 hr incubation time, but the concentration significantly decreased after that. The dry matter disappearance was significantly lower in AFS and AFB during the early stage of incubation. However, the dry matter disappearance of AFS and AFB was similar to that of control during the late stage of incubation. It is concluded that the industrial byproducts such as soybean curd dreg and brewery grain were effective materials to make an alcohol fermented feedstuffs and resulted in better fermentation characteristics in the rumen when both were applied to Hanwoo.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.19-27
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• 2021

Electrically conductive mortar used in industrial carbon material byproducts was manufactured and analyzed in this study. The contents of the carbon material and mixed water were controlled, and the distance between electrodes was set to 0.42 m and 0.88 m. The carbon material was graphite with a layered structure. The carbon material was used as fine powder and aggregate substitutes according to particle size. The average particle sizes of each materials were 18.4㎛ and 546.1 ㎛ and the electrical conductivities were 62.3 S/m and 32.5 S/m, respectively. To maintain similar mortar flow in each sample, the water content was increased with increasing carbon material, and accordingly, the porosity showed an increasing trend. When electrode distance of the mortar (week 6) was 0.42 m, the voltage-current values were 342 V-1.48 A (S20) and 349 V-1.44 A (S30). For electrode distance of 0.88 m, these values were 513 V-0.98 A (S20) and 500 V-1.01 A (S30). The exothermic properties improved with increasing carbon material content and decreasing electrode distance.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.465-472
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• 2012

This research aims to find an effective mixing method for controlled low strength material (CLSM) using diverse recycled industrial byproducts. This study is a fundamental research to develop and commercialize a resource-recycling CLMS that can greatly contribute to cost reduction and environmental stress relief. In the past, few studies have been performed on CLSM in Korea. This research is expected to provide fundamental data not only for development and commercialization of the resource-recycling CLSM satisfying required material performances but also serve as a ground breaking study on utilization of recycled material in construction industry and ultimately leading to advanced resource-recycling practices at national level. From the comprehensive analysis of minimum unit quantity for maximum strength and material segregation prevention, it was found that the optimal mixing condition for mixing FSD, RSID and SD material to filler-aggregate ratio (f/a) was approximately 50.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.89-96
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• 2013

Now-a-days, a manhole adopted since the late 1990s and produced using the polymer concrete has widely used due to the various benefits. While entering the High oil prices times, however, and with the price increase of the petrochemical materials, the cost of manufacture of polymer concrete was elevated and the resulting polymer concrete's weakness is being put on. Accordingly, the development of economic cement concrete manholes, which can replace the outstanding bending strength of manhole made of high-price polymer concrete, has been required. In this study, based on the cement technology of fast hardening armorphous calcium aluminate (ACA), by minimizing the amount of cement using the industrial byproducts, to develop the eco-friendly high-toughness concrete manhole, which can reduce $CO_2$ reduction, was intended. As the results, the cement concrete manhole, which economic, eco-friend, and meeting the performance requirements, was developed.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.75-78
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• 2015

The white-spotted chafer, Protaetia brevitarsis (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), is an economically important insect in Korea. Traditionally, it has been regarded as a medicine for preventing liver-related diseases and suppressing liver cancer. Recently, this beetle was enlisted as a temporal food ingredient by Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Therefore, this beetle is focused as a one of the important insects that are commercially reared and sold in Korea. As the economic importance of this beetle is growing, the suitable rearing conditions are needed for more detailed investigation. In this study, we compared three temperature conditions and two food additives, rice chaff and soybean cake, for its effects on the body weight change of third instar larvae of P. brevitarsis. Temperature is a major environmental factor that has tremendous effects on rearing insects. In additions, rice chaff and soybean cake are byproducts of other agricultural activities. Therefore, it is easy to get, and the price is comparatively low. However, they still have meaningful amount of nutrients. With four different kinds of feed and three temperature conditions on the third instar larvae of beetles, the body weight change was tracked for 14 wk. We concluded that 27.5℃ is the optimal temperature to rear the third instar larvae among three temperatures (25, 27.5, and 30℃). Among four different feeds, conventional fermented oak saw dust with rice chaff and soybean cake was the best feed for larval weight gain during 14 wk. However, feed with soybean cake at 30 ℃ was the best condition for rearing P. brevitarsis larvae when temperatures and feeds were compared at the same time.